Potential Antioxidant Activities Improve Salt Tolerance in Ten Varieties of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.)

The activity of antioxidative enzymes system is affected by salt stress, chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf relative water content (RWC), Na+ and K+ contents, their ratio and some oxidative stress indices were studied in leaves of ten bread wheat cultivarsSehar-06, Lu-26, NARC-09, BARC-09 and Pirsbak-09’(salt-tolerant) and Kaghan-94, Rohtas-90, Soughat-90, Shaheen-94 and Zardana-89’(salt-sensitive), grown under salinity treatments carried out in five levels (1 dS·m-1 as control, 2, 4, 8, 16 dS·m-1) via sodium chloride. Under high salt potency significant increase for activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX), occured in salt tolerant varieties. Meanwhile, under salinity condition the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and (GPX) in sensitive cultivar were lower than control. Regarding (APX) activity there was no significant difference between salinity and control situation. Under salt stress membrane stability index (MSI) of both cultivars were negatively influenced. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of salinity sensitive cultivars was higher than control. Salt tolerant varieties had more amounts of K+ content, K+ and Na+ ratio, relative water content, yield and chlorophyll under salt conditions, and sensitive ones recorded higher Na+ content at tillering stage. The mechanism of salt stress might be achieved due to low lipid peroxidation, assumingly lower changes in membrane stability index and evasion of Na+ combination and amplified activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Study of Common Urinary Problems of Females at a Government Hospital in Central India

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the common urinary problems in Indian females, their etiology and symtomatology. Material and Methods: This is a prospective epidemiological study of 703 female patients with urinary problems, who attended the surgery and gynecology OPD (outpatient department) in our institution which is a tertiary referral centre in central India. Result: 58% of patients were middle age (31 - 55) yrs. Burning micturition was the most common urinary complain (607 patients) followed by increased frequency of micturition (309 patients). 68% females took months or even years to take first consultation after appearance of their symptoms. 14% percent of patients suffered from urinary incontinence (stress, urge and mixed). 86% of women had education level below fifth standard. About 58% of females gave birth to 3 or more than 3 issues. About 254 (36%) patients had one or more unassisted delivery at home. Thirty eight percent of patients still remained undiagnosed. More than 50% of undiagnosed females lie in middle age group. 68% of undiagnosed patients took consultation months or years after their symptoms first appeared. Irritative symptoms are the most common presenting complains of these undiagnosed patients followed by pain in abdomen. Around 60% of patients had history of either mental distress, domestic violence or any neuropschiatric disease. This study only gives us an idea about the urinary problems faced by females and their probable causative factors. Many more studies need to be done involving multidisciplinary approach in order to benefit this section of our society.

Study of fault configuration related mysteries through multi seismic attribute analysis technique in Zamzama gas field area,southern Indus Basin,Pakistan

Seismic attribute analysis approach has been applied for the interpretation and identification of fault geometry of Zamzama Gas Field. Zamzama gas field area, which lies in the vicinity of Kirthar fold and thrust belt, Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan. The Zamzama fault and its related structure have been predicted by applying the Average Energy Attribute, Instantaneous Frequency Attribute, relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute and Chaotic Reflection Attribute on the seismic line GHPK98 A.34. The results have been confirmed by applying the spectral decomposition attribute on the same seismic line that reveal the geometric configuration of Zamzama structure. The fault is reverse and started from 0 s and ended at the depth of 2.5 s on the vertical seismic section. Hanging wall moves up along the fault plane under the action of eastward oriented stress, which formed a large northesouth oriented and eastward verging thrusted anticline.

Case-based audit and feedback around a decision aid improved antibiotic choice and duration for uncomplicated cystitis in primary care clinics

Objectives The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted stewardship intervention on adherence to the evidence-based practice guidelines on treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in primary care.We hypothesised that our intervention would increase guideline adherence in terms of antibiotic choice and duration of treatment.Design A preintervention and postintervention comparison with a contemporaneous control group was performed.During the first two study periods,we obtained baseline data and performed interviews exploring provider prescribing decisions for cystitis at both clinics.During the third period in the intervention clinic only,the intervention included a didactic lecture,a decision algorithm and audit and feedback.We used a difference-in differences analysis to determine the effects of our intervention on the outcome and guideline adherence to antibiotic choice and duration.Setting Two family medicine clinics(one intervention and one control)were included.Participants All female patients with uncomplicated cystitis attending the study clinics between 2016 and 2019.Results Our sample included 932 visits representing 812 unique patients with uncomplicated cystitis.The proportion of guideline-adherent antibiotic regimens increased during the intervention period(from 33.2%(95%CI 26.9 to 39.9)to 66.9%(95%CI 58.4 to 74.6)in the intervention site and from 5.3%(95%CI 2.3 to 10.1)to 17.0%(95%CI 9.9 to 26.6)in the control site).The increase in guideline adherence was greater in the intervention site compared with the control site with a difference-in differences of 22 percentage points,p=0.001.Conclusion A multifaceted intervention increased guideline adherence for antibiotic choice and duration in greater magnitude than similar trends at the control site.Future research is needed to facilitate scale-up and sustainability of case-based audit and feedback interventions in primary care.