The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention.In order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)com...The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention.In order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)communications aims to manage massive connectivity and high traffic load on base stations and extend the range over multiple hops in 5G networks.However,V2X networking faces several challenges from dynamic topology caused by high velocity of nodes and routing overhead that degrades the network performance and increases energy consumption.The existing routing scheme for V2X networking lacks energy efficiency and scalability for high velocity nodes with dense distribution.In order to handle the challenges,this article proposes a scalable and energy-efficient routing scheme called Dynamic proactive reactive routing for 5G(DPR5)for high mobility speed and dense environment.As compared to existing schemes it uses a single routing table and efficiently minimizes the energy consumption in dense environment,improves node‘s lifetime upto 42%,and optimizes network performance by reducing the packet loss ratio upto 46%in a high velocity dense environment.展开更多
Based on the functional properties of electrospun cellulose nanofibers(CNF),scientists are showing substantial interest to enhance the aesthetic properties.However,the lower color yield has remained a big challenge du...Based on the functional properties of electrospun cellulose nanofibers(CNF),scientists are showing substantial interest to enhance the aesthetic properties.However,the lower color yield has remained a big challenge due to the higher surface area of nanofibers.In this study,we attempted to improve the color yield properties of CNF by the pad-steam dyeing method.Neat CNF was obtained by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate(CA)nanofibers.Three different kinds of reactive dyes were used and pad-steam dyeing parameters were optimized.SEM images revealed smooth morphology with an increase in the average diameter of nanofibers.FTIR results showed no change in the chemical structure after dyeing of CNF.Color fastness results demonstrated excellent ratings for reactive dyes,which indicate good dye fixation properties and no color loss during the washing process.The results confirm that the pad-steam dyeing method can be potentially considered to improve the aesthetic properties of CNF,which can be utilized for functional garments,such as breathable raincoats and disposable face masks.展开更多
文摘The smart vehicles are one of critical enablers for automated services in smart cities to provide intelligent transportation means without human intervention.In order to fulfil requirements,Vehicle-to-Anything(V2X)communications aims to manage massive connectivity and high traffic load on base stations and extend the range over multiple hops in 5G networks.However,V2X networking faces several challenges from dynamic topology caused by high velocity of nodes and routing overhead that degrades the network performance and increases energy consumption.The existing routing scheme for V2X networking lacks energy efficiency and scalability for high velocity nodes with dense distribution.In order to handle the challenges,this article proposes a scalable and energy-efficient routing scheme called Dynamic proactive reactive routing for 5G(DPR5)for high mobility speed and dense environment.As compared to existing schemes it uses a single routing table and efficiently minimizes the energy consumption in dense environment,improves node‘s lifetime upto 42%,and optimizes network performance by reducing the packet loss ratio upto 46%in a high velocity dense environment.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971153 and 42171086)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Tibet Program(XZ202301ZY0016G)the Chinese Committee on International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(CNICIMOD)。
基金This work was supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019B010941001)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2018A0303100022).
文摘Based on the functional properties of electrospun cellulose nanofibers(CNF),scientists are showing substantial interest to enhance the aesthetic properties.However,the lower color yield has remained a big challenge due to the higher surface area of nanofibers.In this study,we attempted to improve the color yield properties of CNF by the pad-steam dyeing method.Neat CNF was obtained by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate(CA)nanofibers.Three different kinds of reactive dyes were used and pad-steam dyeing parameters were optimized.SEM images revealed smooth morphology with an increase in the average diameter of nanofibers.FTIR results showed no change in the chemical structure after dyeing of CNF.Color fastness results demonstrated excellent ratings for reactive dyes,which indicate good dye fixation properties and no color loss during the washing process.The results confirm that the pad-steam dyeing method can be potentially considered to improve the aesthetic properties of CNF,which can be utilized for functional garments,such as breathable raincoats and disposable face masks.
