Hybrid Dipper Throated and Grey Wolf Optimization for Feature Selection Applied to Life Benchmark Datasets

Selecting the most relevant subset of features from a dataset is a vital step in data mining and machine learning.Each feature in a dataset has 2n possible subsets,making it challenging to select the optimum collection of features using typical methods.As a result,a new metaheuristicsbased feature selection method based on the dipper-throated and grey-wolf optimization(DTO-GW)algorithms has been developed in this research.Instability can result when the selection of features is subject to metaheuristics,which can lead to a wide range of results.Thus,we adopted hybrid optimization in our method of optimizing,which allowed us to better balance exploration and harvesting chores more equitably.We propose utilizing the binary DTO-GW search approach we previously devised for selecting the optimal subset of attributes.In the proposed method,the number of features selected is minimized,while classification accuracy is increased.To test the proposed method’s performance against eleven other state-of-theart approaches,eight datasets from the UCI repository were used,such as binary grey wolf search(bGWO),binary hybrid grey wolf,and particle swarm optimization(bGWO-PSO),bPSO,binary stochastic fractal search(bSFS),binary whale optimization algorithm(bWOA),binary modified grey wolf optimization(bMGWO),binary multiverse optimization(bMVO),binary bowerbird optimization(bSBO),binary hysteresis optimization(bHy),and binary hysteresis optimization(bHWO).The suggested method is superior 4532 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 and successful in handling the problem of feature selection,according to the results of the experiments.

Voting Classifier and Metaheuristic Optimization for Network Intrusion Detection

Managing physical objects in the network’s periphery is made possible by the Internet of Things(IoT),revolutionizing human life.Open attacks and unauthorized access are possible with these IoT devices,which exchange data to enable remote access.These attacks are often detected using intrusion detection methodologies,although these systems’effectiveness and accuracy are subpar.This paper proposes a new voting classifier composed of an ensemble of machine learning models trained and optimized using metaheuristic optimization.The employed metaheuristic optimizer is a new version of the whale optimization algorithm(WOA),which is guided by the dipper throated optimizer(DTO)to improve the exploration process of the traditionalWOA optimizer.The proposed voting classifier categorizes the network intrusions robustly and efficiently.To assess the proposed approach,a dataset created from IoT devices is employed to record the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for binary attack categorization.The dataset records are balanced using the locality-sensitive hashing(LSH)and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE).The evaluation of the achieved results is performed in terms of statistical analysis and visual plots to prove the proposed approach’s effectiveness,stability,and significance.The achieved results confirmed the superiority of the proposed algorithm for the task of network intrusion detection.

Deep Learning for Depression Detection Using Twitter Data

Today social media became a communication line among people to share their happiness,sadness,and anger with their end-users.It is necessary to know people’s emotions are very important to identify depressed people from their messages.Early depression detection helps to save people’s lives and other dangerous mental diseases.There are many intelligent algorithms for predicting depression with high accuracy,but they lack the definition of such cases.Several machine learning methods help to identify depressed people.But the accuracy of existing methods was not satisfactory.To overcome this issue,the deep learning method is used in the proposed method for depression detection.In this paper,a novel Deep Learning Multi-Aspect Depression Detection with Hierarchical Atten-tion Network(MDHAN)is used for classifying the depression data.Initially,the Twitter data was preprocessed by tokenization,punctuation mark removal,stop word removal,stemming,and lemmatization.The Adaptive Particle and grey Wolf optimization methods are used for feature selection.The MDHAN classifies the Twitter data and predicts the depressed and non-depressed users.Finally,the proposed method is compared with existing methods such as Convolutional Neur-al Network(CNN),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Minimum Description Length(MDL),and MDHAN.The suggested MDH-PWO architecture gains 99.86%accuracy,more significant than frequency-based deep learning models,with a lower false-positive rate.The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves better accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-measure.It also mini-mizes the execution time.

Automatic Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Using Wrapper Methodology with Deep Learning Techniques

One of the significant health issues affecting women that impacts their fertility and results in serious health concerns is Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).Consequently,timely screening of polycystic ovarian syndrome can help in the process of recovery.Finding a method to aid doctors in this procedure was crucial due to the difficulties in detecting this condition.This research aimed to determine whether it is possible to optimize the detection of PCOS utilizing Deep Learning algorithms and methodologies.Additionally,feature selection methods that produce the most important subset of features can speed up calculation and enhance the effectiveness of classifiers.In this research,the tri-stage wrapper method is used because it reduces the computation time.The proposed study for the Automatic diagnosis of PCOS contains preprocessing,data normalization,feature selection,and classification.A dataset with 39 characteristics,including metabolism,neuroimaging,hormones,and biochemical information for 541 subjects,was employed in this scenario.To start,this research pre-processed the information.Next for feature selection,a tri-stage wrapper method such as Mutual Information,ReliefF,Chi-Square,and Xvariance is used.Then,various classification methods are tested and trained.Deep learning techniques including convolutional neural network(CNN),multi-layer perceptron(MLP),Recurrent neural network(RNN),and Bi long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)are utilized for categorization.The experimental finding demonstrates that with effective feature extraction process using tri stage wrapper method+CNN delivers the highest precision(97%),high accuracy(98.67%),and recall(89%)when compared with other machine learning algorithms.

Optimization of Electrocardiogram Classification Using Dipper Throated Algorithm and Differential Evolution

Electrocardiogram(ECG)signal is a measure of the heart’s electrical activity.Recently,ECG detection and classification have benefited from the use of computer-aided systems by cardiologists.The goal of this paper is to improve the accuracy of ECG classification by combining the Dipper Throated Optimization(DTO)and Differential Evolution Algorithm(DEA)into a unified algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of neural network(NN)for boosting the ECG classification accuracy.In addition,we proposed a new feature selection method for selecting the significant feature that can improve the overall performance.To prove the superiority of the proposed approach,several experimentswere conducted to compare the results achieved by the proposed approach and other competing approaches.Moreover,statistical analysis is performed to study the significance and stability of the proposed approach using Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests.Experimental results confirmed the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed approach.The classification accuracy achieved by the proposed approach is(99.98%).

An Improved Deep Structure for Accurately Brain Tumor Recognition

Brain neoplasms are recognized with a biopsy,which is not commonly done before decisive brain surgery.By using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)and textural features,the process of diagnosing brain tumors by radiologists would be a noninvasive procedure.This paper proposes a features fusion model that can distinguish between no tumor and brain tumor types via a novel deep learning structure.The proposed model extracts Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)textural features from MRI brain tumor images.Moreover,a deep neural network(DNN)model has been proposed to select the most salient features from the GLCM.Moreover,it manipulates the extraction of the additional high levels of salient features from a proposed CNN model.Finally,a fusion process has been utilized between these two types of features to form the input layer of additional proposed DNN model which is responsible for the recognition process.Two common datasets have been applied and tested,Br35H and FigShare datasets.The first dataset contains binary labels,while the second one splits the brain tumor into four classes;glioma,meningioma,pituitary,and no cancer.Moreover,several performance metrics have been evaluated from both datasets,including,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,F-score,and training time.Experimental results show that the proposed methodology has achieved superior performance compared with the current state of art studies.The proposed system has achieved about 98.22%accuracy value in the case of the Br35H dataset however,an accuracy of 98.01%has been achieved in the case of the FigShare dataset.

A New Medical Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on Fractional Calculus

The enhancement of medical images is a challenging research task due to the unforeseeable variation in the quality of the captured images.The captured images may present with low contrast and low visibility,which might inuence the accuracy of the diagnosis process.To overcome this problem,this paper presents a new fractional integral entropy(FITE)that estimates the unforeseeable probabilities of image pixels,posing as the main contribution of the paper.The proposed model dynamically enhances the image based on the image contents.The main advantage of FITE lies in its capability to enhance the low contrast intensities through pixels’probability.Initially,the pixel probability of the fractional power is utilized to extract the illumination value from the pixels of the image.Next,the contrast of the image is then adjusted to enhance the regions with low visibility.Finally,the fractional integral entropy approach is implemented to enhance the low visibility contents from the input image.Tests were conducted on brain MRI,lungs CT,and kidney MRI scans datasets of different image qualities to show that the proposed model is robust and can withstand dramatic variations in quality.The obtained comparative results show that the proposed image enhancement model achieves the best BRISQUE and NIQE scores.Overall,this model improves the details of brain MRI,lungs CT,and kidney MRI scans,and could therefore potentially help the medical staff during the diagnosis process.

MIoT Based Skin Cancer Detection Using Bregman Recurrent Deep Learning

Mobile clouds are the most common medium for aggregating,storing,and analyzing data from the medical Internet of Things(MIoT).It is employed to monitor a patient’s essential health signs for earlier disease diagnosis and prediction.Among the various disease,skin cancer was the wide variety of cancer,as well as enhances the endurance rate.In recent years,many skin cancer classification systems using machine and deep learning models have been developed for classifying skin tumors,including malignant melanoma(MM)and other skin cancers.However,accurate cancer detection was not performed with minimum time consumption.In order to address these existing problems,a novel Multidimensional Bregman Divergencive Feature Scaling Based Cophenetic Piecewise Regression Recurrent Deep Learning Classification(MBDFS-CPRRDLC)technique is introduced for detecting cancer at an earlier stage.The MBDFS-CPRRDLC performs skin cancer detection using different layers such as input,hidden,and output for feature selection and classification.The patient information is composed of IoT.The patient information was stored in mobile clouds server for performing predictive analytics.The collected data are sent to the recurrent deep learning classifier.In the first hidden layer,the feature selection process is carried out using the Multidimensional Bregman Divergencive Feature Scaling technique to find the significant features for disease identification resulting in decreases time consumption.Followed by,the disease classification is carried out in the second hidden layer using cophenetic correlative piecewise regression for analyzing the testing and training data.This process is repeatedly performed until the error gets minimized.In this way,disease classification is accurately performed with higher accuracy.Experimental evaluation is carried out for factors namely Accuracy,precision,recall,F-measure,as well as cancer detection time,by the amount of patient data.The observed result confirms that the proposed MBDFS-CPRRDLC technique increases accuracy as well as lesser cancer detection time compared to the conventional approaches.

Optimized Weighted Ensemble Using Dipper Throated Optimization Algorithm in Metamaterial Antenna

Metamaterial Antennas are a type of antenna that uses metamaterial to enhance performance.The bandwidth restriction associated with small antennas can be solved using metamaterial antennas.Machine learning is gaining popularity as a way to improve solutions in a range of fields.Machine learning approaches are currently a big part of current research,and they’re likely to be huge in the future.The model utilized determines the accuracy of the prediction in large part.The goal of this paper is to develop an optimized ensemble model for forecasting the metamaterial antenna’s bandwidth and gain.The basic models employed in the developed ensemble are Support Vector Regression(SVR),K-NearestRegression(KNR),Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Decision Trees(DT),and Random Forest(RF).The percentages of contribution of these models in the ensemble model are weighted and optimized using the dipper throated optimization(DTO)algorithm.To choose the best features from the dataset,the binary(bDTO)algorithm is exploited.The proposed ensemble model is compared to the base models and results are recorded and analyzed statistically.In addition,two other ensembles are incorporated in the conducted experiments for comparison.These ensembles are average ensemble and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)-based ensemble.The comparison is performed in terms of eleven evaluation criteria.The evaluation results confirmed the superiority of the proposed model when compared with the basic models and the other ensemble models.