Adults with Congenital Heart Disease during the COVID-19 Era:One-Year Tertiary Center Experience

Background:Adult patients with congenital heart disease(ACHD)might be at high risk of Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to report on a one-year tertiary center experience regards COVID-19 infection in ACHD patients.Methods:This is a one-year(March-2020 to March-2021)tertiary-center retrospective study that enrolled all ACHD patients;COVID-19 positive patients’medical records,and management were reported.Results:We recorded 542 patients,205(37.8%)COVID-19-positive,and 337(62.2%)COVID-19-negative patients.Palliated single ventricle and Eisenmenger syndrome patients were more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection(P<0.05*).Cardiovascular COVID-19 complications were arrhythmias in 47(22.9%)patients,heart failure in 39(19.0%)patients,cyanosis in 12(5.9%)patients,stroke/TIA in 5(2.4%)patients,hypertension and infective endocarditis in 2(1.0%)patients for each,pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism in 1(0.5%)patient for each.11(5.4%)patients were managed with home isolation,147(71.7%)patients required antibiotics,32(15.6%)patients required intensive care unit(ICU),8(3.9%)patients required inotropes,7(3.4%)patients required mechanical ventilation,and 2(1.0%)patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO).Thromboprophylaxis was given to all 46(22.4%)hospitalized patients.American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification revealed that complex lesions,and FC-C/D categories were more likely to develop severe/critical symptoms,that required mechanical ventilation and ECMO(P<0.05*).Mortality was reported in 3(0.6%)patients with no difference between groups(P=0.872).193(35.6%)patients were vaccinated.Conclusions:COVID-19 infection in ACHD patients require individualized risk stratification and management.Eisenmenger syndrome,single ventricle palliation,complex lesions,and FC-C/D patients were more vulnerable to severe/critical symptoms that required ICU admission,mechanical ventilation,and ECMO.The vaccine was mostly tolerable.