Effect of trace oxygen on plasma nitriding of titanium foil

Titanium nitride films are prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method on titanium foil using N_(2) as precursor. In order to evaluate the effect of oxygen on the growth of titanium nitride films, a small amount of O_(2) is introduced into the preparation process. The study indicates that trace O_(2) addition into the reaction chamber gives rise to significant changes on the color and micro-morphology of the foil, featuring dense and long nano-wires. The as-synthesized nanostructures are characterized by various methods and identified as TiN, Ti_(2) N, and TiO_(2) respectively. Moreover, the experiment results show that oxide nanowire has a high degree of crystallinity and the nitrides present specific orientation relationships with the titanium matrix.

Influence of fluoroethylene carbonate on the solid electrolyte interphase of silicon anode for Li-ion batteries:A scanning force spectroscopy study

Silicon is an important high capacity anode material for the next generation Li-ion batteries.The electrochemical performances of the Si anode are influenced strongly by the properties of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).It is well known that the addition of flouroethylene carbonate(FEC)in the carbonate electrolyte is helpful to improve the cyclic performance of the Si anode.The possible origin is suggested to relate to the modification of the SEI.However,detailed information is still absent.In this work,the structural and mechanical properties of the SEI on Si thin film anode in the ethylene-carbonate-based(EC-based)and FEC-based electrolytes at different discharging and charging states have been investigated using a scanning atomic force microscopy force spectroscopy(AFMFS)method.Single-layered,double-layered,and multi-layered SEI structures with various Young’s moduli have been visualized three dimensionally at nanoscale based on the hundreds of force curves in certain scanned area.The coverage of the SEI can be obtained quantitatively from the two-dimensional(2D)project plots.The related analysis indicates that more soft SEI layers are covered on the Si anode,and this could explain the benefits of the FEC additive.

A micro–macro constitutive model for rock considering breakage effects

The paper proposes a three-scale binary medium-based constitutive model on the basis of the meso structures and micro components to describe the elasto-plastic mechanical behavior of mudstone samples.Based on the breakage mechanism of geomaterials,mudstone samples are considered as two different materials(bonded and frictional elements)at mesoscales.From micro to meso scales,given the similar but different mineralogy composition and porosity of the bonded and frictional elements at microscale,as well as their separate mechanical characteristics,different homogenization methods are adopted to obtain their respective meso mechanical properties.At the mesoscale,in view of the unique meso structures and the continuous material transformation,the extended self-consistent scheme(SCS)is improved to be adaptable to elasto-plastic composites with varying meso components.With the consideration of the evolution form of the breakage ratio under the external loading being given based on the assumed strength distribution of the meso bonded elements,the mechanical relations between meso and macro scales are established.Finally,on the basis of the mean-field method and combined with the critical mechanical connections between different scales,the micro-meso-macro constitutive model for mudstone samples are proposed.The model validation shows that,with a few model parameters,the proposed model can well reflect the stress and deformation features of mudstone samples with complex micro-components.

Adaptive Stochastic Synchronization of Uncertain Delayed Neural Networks

This paper considers adaptive synchronization of uncertain neural networks with time delays and stochastic perturbation. A general adaptive controller is designed to deal with the difficulties deduced by uncertain parameters and stochastic perturbations, in which the controller is less conservative and optimal since its control gains can be automatically adjusted according to some designed update laws. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and Barbalat lemma, sufficient condition is obtained for synchronization of delayed neural networks by strict mathematical proof. Moreover, the obtained results of this paper are more general than most existing results of certainly neural networks with or without stochastic disturbances. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to substantiate our theoretical results.

内镜手术治疗高血压脑出血合并脑疝患者的疗效和安全性探讨

目的研究采用神经内镜手术清除高血压脑出血合并脑疝患者的颅内血肿同时保留骨瓣的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析该科2015年1月-2017年6月行手术治疗的高血压脑出血合并一侧瞳孔散大的患者,共计54例。排除双侧瞳孔散大,术前行床边CT血管造影(CTA)排除合并动脉瘤、动静畸形和烟雾病等。其中神经内镜手术组23例,开颅手术组31例。比较两组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率,术后再出血、脑梗死和死亡的发生率。术后3个月行格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果神经内镜治疗组在手术时间、术中出血量上均优于开颅组,两组间差异有统计学意义;而两组间血肿清除率、术后再出血和脑梗死的发生率差异无统计学意义。尽管术后3个月GOS评分总体上内镜组与开颅组无显著差异,但内镜组植物生存率与重残率较开颅组有下降,而轻残率明显增加。结论神经内镜手术治疗脑出血合并脑疝患者手术安全,同时损伤小、降低了植物生存率与重残率。

早期小剂量尿激酶对跨窦硬膜外血肿致脑静脉窦回流障碍的治疗价值

目的探讨早期小剂量尿激酶干预对脑外伤后跨窦急性硬膜外血肿导致的静脉窦回流障碍的治疗价值。方法回顾分析该院2014年1月—2017年12月收治的跨窦急性硬膜外血肿导致的静脉窦回流障碍患者166例,分析小剂量尿激酶干预的临床疗效。结果纳入病例均依据神经查体和CT静脉成像(CTV)/磁共振静脉成像(MRV)联合诊断为脑静脉窦回流障碍。按是否早期给予尿激酶治疗分为尿激酶组(98例,入院早期即行影像学鉴别诊断)和常规组(68例,待颅内高压症状明显时完成影像学鉴别诊断)。所有病例在诊断后第3~7天和第10~14天时予CTV复查。首次复查时,尿激酶组55例再通良好,41例部分改善,2例无明显改变;常规组内32例再通良好,4例部分改善,32例无明显改变;两组治疗有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。再次复查时,尿激酶组内所有病例均获得良好临床康复和影像学恢复,其中85例再通良好,12例部分改善,1例建立良好的侧支循环;常规组内47例再通良好,3例部分改善,4例建立良好的侧支循环,但仍有12例无明显改变和2例梗死加重且伴随明显的颅高压症状;两组治疗有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。这14例患者在转而给予强化尿激酶溶栓治疗后静脉窦部分再通或对侧代偿,颅内高压症状逐渐缓解。结论跨窦硬膜外血肿患者伤后并发脑静脉窦回流障碍的风险较高,除及早行血肿外引流或手术清除外,早期小剂量尿激酶干预能有效避免继发性脑损伤进行性加重。

Curative effect of surgery combined with nerve growth factor preparation treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage

Objective: To study the effect of surgery combined with nerve growth factor preparation treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage on nerve cytokines and nerve injury. Methods: 68 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage who received emergency minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma in Zigong No. 4 People's Hospital between August 2014 and September 2016 were selected and randomly divided into mNGF group and control group, mNGF group received postoperative mouse nerve growth factor preparation combined with conventional therapy, and control group accepted routine postoperative treatment. 10d, 20d and 30d after treatment, the serum was collected to determine the levels of nerve cytokines and nerve injury molecules. Results: 10d, 20d and 30d after treatment, serum BDNF (5.29±0.88 vs. 3.58±0.61, 6.94±0.93 vs. 3.78±0.55, 9.28±1.13 vs. 4.57±0.62 ng/ml), NTF-α (2.94±0.52 vs. 1.35±0.18, 3.88±0.58 vs. 1.51±0.20, 5.21±0.72 vs. 2.95±0.46 ng/ml), NGF (0.89±0.11 vs. 0.62±0.08, 1.02±0.15 vs. 0.78±0.09, 1.45±0.18 vs. 0.92±0.12 ng/ml) and VEGF (147.53±19.52 vs. 110.38±14.28, 184.95±22.51 vs. 121.29±17.85, 237.49±31.28 vs. 145.38±18.31 pg/ml) levels of mNGF group were significantly higher than those of control group while S100β (1.27±0.20 vs. 2.19±0.33, 0.94±0.14 vs. 1.76±0.25, 0.71±0.09 vs. 1.32±0.17 ng/ml), GFAP (2.08±0.36 vs. 4.42±0.55, 1.65±0.25 vs. 3.57±0.51, 1.31±0.17 vs. 2.93±0.42 pg/ml), NSE (34.21±5.82 vs. 73.19±9.35, 27.58±4.12 vs. 58.76±8.28, 22.12±3.25 vs. 39.52±5.28 ng/ml), MBP (5.28±0.93 vs. 11.28±1.86, 3.89±0.51 vs. 9.12±1.14, 3.12±0.41 vs. 6.79±0.94 ng/ml), MDA (6.97±0.93 vs. 14.21±1.87, 5.02±0.78 vs. 11.75±1.76, 3.57±0.62 vs. 8.12±0.99 μmol/L), AOPP(65.19±9.68 vs. 155.62±19.63, 48.59±7.21 vs. 118.75±16.85, 37.83±5.28 vs. 82.11±10.18 μmol/L) and 8-OHdG (4.77±0.67 vs. 10.28±1.52, 3.52±0.51 vs. 9.38±1.15, 2.33±0.41 vs. 6.52±0.92 ng/ml) levels were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Surgery combined with nerve growth factor preparation treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage can improve neural nutritional status and reduce nerve injury degree, and it is beneficial to the recovery of neural function.

S-1 plus gemcitabine chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy and maintenance therapy with S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of S-1 with gemcitabine followed by oral S-1 with concurrent radiotherapy(intensity modulated radiotherapy,IMRT) and maintenance therapy with S-1 for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Subjects selected in the study were patients who had unresectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer without distant metastases,adequate organ and marrow functions,an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 and no prior anticancer therapy. Initially the subjects received two cycles of chemotherapy,oral administration of S-1 40 mg/m2 twice daily from day 1 to day 14 of a 21-d cycle,with 30-min intravenous infusions of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8. Two weeks after the completion of chemotherapy,S-1 was administered orally with concurrent IMRT. Oral S-1 was administered at a dose of 80 mg/m2 per day twice daily from day 1 to day 14 and from day 22 to day 35. Radiation was concurrently delivered at a dose of 50.4 Gy(1.8 Gy/d,5 times per week,28 fractions). One month after the completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy,S-1 was administered orally at a dose of 80 mg/m2 per day twice daily for 14 d,followed by a 14-d rest period. This cycle was repeated as maintenance therapy,until unacceptable toxicity occurred or the disease worsened. Thirty-two patients were involved in this study. The median followup was 15.6 mo(range:8.6-32.3 mo).RESULTS:Thirty-two patients completed the scheduled course of chemotherapy,while 30 patients(93.8%) received chemoradiotherapy with two patients ceasing to continue with radiotherapy. The major toxic effects were nausea and leukopenia. There was no grade 4 toxicity or treatment-related death. According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria,the objective tumor response was partial response in 17(53.1%) patients,stable disease in 9(28.1%),and progressive disease in 6(18.8%). The median overall survival and median progression-free survival were 15.2 mo and 9.3 mo,respectively. The survival rates at 1 year and 2 years were 75% and 34.4%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The combination of S-1 with gemcitabine followed by oral S-1 with IMRT and maintenance therapy with S-1 alone in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer may be considered a well-tolerated,promising treatment regimen.

Benchmarking of JEFF-3.2, FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 evaluated data for tungsten with 14.8 MeV neutrons

Integral experiments on tungsten slab samples were carried out on the D-T neutron source facility at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Leakage neutron spectra from the irradiated tungsten target were measured by the time-of-flight technique. Accuracy of the nuclear data for tungsten was examined by comparing the measured neutron spectra with the leakage neutron spectra simulated using the MCNP-4C code with evaluated nuclear data of the JEFF-3.2, FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 libraries. The results show that the calculations with JEFF-3.2 agree well with the measurements in the whole energy range and all angles, whereas the spectra calculated with FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 have some discrepancies with the experimental data.

Osteoclast-derived apoptotic bodies couple bone resorption and formation in bone remodeling

Bone remodeling is precisely coordinated by bone resorption and formation.Apoptotic osteoclasts generate large amounts of apoptotic bodies(ABs)marking the end of the bone resorption phase,whereas the functions of osteoclast-derived ABs remain largely unknown.Here,we identified the molecular profile of ABs derived from osteoclasts at distinct differentiation stages and investigated their corresponding functions.ABs were isolated from apoptotic bone marrow macrophages,preosteoclasts,and mature osteoclasts induced by staurosporine.Proteomic signature analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry suggested marked protein cargo differences among the different ABs.Further bioinformatic analysis showed that the proteomic signatures of the ABs were highly similar to those of their parental cells.Functionally,pOC-ABs induced endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and increased CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cell formation in a murine bone defect model via their PDGF-BB cargo.mOC-ABs induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and facilitated osteogenesis via RANKL reverse signaling.In summary,we mapped the detailed proteomic landscapes of ABs derived from osteoclasts and showed that their potential biological roles are important in coupling bone formation with resorption during bone remodeling.

Using machine learning to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of reproduction traits in pigs

Background:Recently,machine learning(ML)has become attractive in genomic prediction,but its superiority in genomic prediction over conventional(ss)GBLUP methods and the choice of optimal ML methods need to be investigated.Results:In this study,2566 Chinese Yorkshire pigs with reproduction trait records were genotyped with the GenoBaits Porcine SNP 50 K and PorcineSNP50 panels.Four ML methods,including support vector regression(SVR),kernel ridge regression(KRR),random forest(RF)and Adaboost.R2 were implemented.Through 20 replicates of fivefold cross-validation(CV)and one prediction for younger individuals,the utility of ML methods in genomic prediction was explored.In CV,compared with genomic BLUP(GBLUP),single-step GBLUP(ssGBLUP)and the Bayesian method BayesHE,ML methods significantly outperformed these conventional methods.ML methods improved the genomic prediction accuracy of GBLUP,ssGBLUP,and BayesHE by 19.3%,15.0% and 20.8%,respectively.In addition,ML methods yielded smaller mean squared error(MSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)in all scenarios.ssGBLUP yielded an improvement of 3.8% on average in accuracy compared to that of GBLUP,and the accuracy of BayesHE was close to that of GBLUP.In genomic prediction of younger individuals,RF and Adaboost.R2_KRR performed better than GBLUP and BayesHE,while ssGBLUP performed comparably with RF,and ssGBLUP yielded slightly higher accuracy and lower MSE than Adaboost.R2_KRR in the prediction of total number of piglets born,while for number of piglets born alive,Adaboost.R2_KRR performed significantly better than ssGBLUP.Among ML methods,Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study.Our findings also demonstrated that optimal hyperparameters are useful for ML methods.After tuning hyperparameters in CV and in predicting genomic outcomes of younger individuals,the average improvement was 14.3% and 21.8% over those using default hyperparameters,respectively.Conclusion:Our findings demonstrated that ML methods had better overall prediction performance than conventional genomic selection methods,and could be new options for genomic prediction.Among ML methods,Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study,and tuning hyperparameters is necessary for ML methods.The optimal hyperparameters depend on the character of traits,datasets etc.

Direct deposition of graphene nanowalls on ceramic powders for the fabrication of a ceramic matrix composite

Uniform mixing of ceramic powder and graphene is of great importance for producing ceramic matrix composite. In this study, graphene nanowalls(GNWs) are directly deposited on the surface of Al2 O3 and Si3 N4 powders using chemical vapor deposition system to realize the uniform mixing. The morphology and the initial stage of the growth process are investigated. It is found that the graphitic base layer is initially formed parallel to the powder surface and is followed by the growth of graphene nanowalls perpendicular to the surface. Moreover, the lateral length of the graphene sheet could be well controlled by tuning the growth temperature. GNWs/Al2 O3 powder is consolidated by using sparking plasma sintering method and several physical properties are measured. Owing to the addition of GNWs, the electrical conductivity of the bulk alumina is significantly increased.

Suppressing transition metal dissolution and deposition in lithium-ion batteries using oxide solid electrolyte coated polymer separator

The dissolution of transition metal(TM)cations from oxide cathodes and the subsequent migration and deposition on the anode lead to the deconstruction of cathode materials and uncontrollable growth of solid electrode interphase(SEI).The above issues have been considered as main causes for the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this work,we reported that the solid oxide electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3(LATP)coating on polyethylene(PE)polymer separator can largely block the TM dissolution and deposition in LIBs.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),second ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS),and Raman spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the granular surface of the LATP coating layer is converted to a dense morphology due to the reduction of LATP at discharge process.The as-formed dense surface layer can effectively hinder the TM deposition on the anode electrode and inhibit the TM dissolution from the cathode electrode.As a result,both the LiCoO2/SiO-graphite and LiMn2O4/SiO-graphite cells using LATP coated PE separator show substantially enhanced cycle performances compared with those cells with Al2O3 coated PE separator.

Size effect of Si particles on the electrochemical performances of Si/C composite anodes

A series of Si/C composites were fabricated based on pitch and Si powders with particle sizes of 30, 100, 500, and 3000 nm. The size effects of the Si particles in the Si/C composites were investigated for lithium-ion battery anodes. The nanoscale Si and Si/C composites exhibited good capacity retentions. Scanning electron microscopy showed that exterior and interior cracks emerging owing to volume expansion as well as parasitic reactions with the electrolyte could well explain the performance failure.

Influence of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of SiO@C/graphite composite anode materials

Silicon monoxide(SiO) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation highenergy-density Li-ion batteries(LiBs) thanks to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and large volume change during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation restrict its practical applications. Fabrication of SiO/C composites is an effective way to overcome these problems. Herein, a series of micro-sized SiO@C/graphite(Si0@C/G) composite anode materials, with designed capacity of 600 mAh·g-1, are successfully prepared through a pitch pyrolysis reaction method. The electrochemical performance of SiO@C/G composite anodes with different carbon coating contents of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 35 wt% is investigated. The results show that the SiO@C/G composite with15-wt% carbon coating content exhibits the best cycle performance, with a high capacity retention of 90.7% at 25℃ and90.1% at 45 0 C after 100 cycles in full cells with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as cathodes. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy(EIS) results suggest that a moderate carbon coating layer can promote the formation of stable SEI film, which is favorable for maintaining good interfacial conductivity and thus enhancing the cycling stability of SiO electrode.

Customer Tiered Purchase Forecast by Mobile Edge Computing Based on Pareto/NBD and SVR

Mobile edge computing is trending nowadays for its computation efficiency and privacy.The rapid development of e-commerce show great interest in mobile edge computing due to numerous rise of small and middle-sized enterprises(SMEs)in the internet.This paper predicts the overall sales volume of the enterprise through the classic ARIMA model,and notes that the behavior and arrival differences between the new and old customer groups will affect the accuracy of our forecasts,so we then use Pareto/NBD to explore the repeated purchases of customers at the individual level of the old customer and the SVR model to predict the arrival of new customers,thus helping the enterprise to make layered and accurate marketing of new and old customers through machine learning.In general,machine learning relies on powerful computation and storage resources,while mobile edge computing typically provides limited computation resources locally.Therefore,it is essential to combine machine learning with mobile edge computing to further promote the proliferation of data analysis among SMEs.

基于统一时源的多级时间同步监测系统

本文阐述利用电力通信网建立电力系统省、地、站一体的多级时间同步监测系统的方法。该系统以省级区域内最高等级时钟源作为统一时源,利用现有的电力通信网以基于E1通道的精密时钟同步协议POE (PTP over E1)方式实现各级监测装置的分级授时,保证整个监测系统的时源统一。各级监测装置通过直接采集时间信号、触发并监测SOE (Sequence of Event)报文、利用代理程序等方法实现对电力系统各级时间同步系统、二次设备、服务器和计算机等设备的时差测量,并将测量结果通过调度数据网逐级上送至各级监测管理系统,实现多级时间同步监测。

“锰疗法”重塑血脂健康

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)是当今全球范围内的头号健康威胁,包括冠心病、心肌梗死和中风等多种疾病,其危害极为严重[1].ASCVD的发病机制涉及动脉内脂质物质的异常沉积和炎症反应,导致斑块形成,最终引发血管狭窄、血栓形成乃至栓塞等并发症.在ASCVD的发展过程中,血脂异常起着举足轻重的作用[2,3].

An active base designed in high-counting-rate applications for Hamamatsu R1924A photomultiplier tube

Hamamatsu R1924A is one of the most widely used photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) in nuclear physics.Since the active base suitable for R1924A is still not available in market, an active base is designed for Hamamatsu R1924A PMT, and the test results at high counting rates are presented. The active bases with two different sets of resistor chains were tested and compared by a frequency-controlled green straw hat LED light. A stable signal output up to 100 kHz is achieved using frequency-controlled LED pulsed light. The temperature of bases, which reflects the power consumption and is crucial for applications in vacuum, is also monitored with the same LED pulsed light. The temperature of the active base with smaller resistances reaches about twice of that of the active base with larger resistances in the resistor chain. For the applications in vacuum, the active base with resistance between the two sets of resistor chains may be preferable.

泰素帝和顺铂联合放疗同步治疗中晩期宫颈癌56例的近期疗效分析(英文)

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the early outcome of the taxotere and cisplatin chemoradiotherapy to the advanced cervical cancer. Methods: Fifty-six cases with cervical cancer (FIGO IIb to IVa) were divided randomly into two groups in the oncology hospital of Jingzhou from September 2009 to October 2010, radiotherapy alone (28 cases) and radiation plus chemotherapy (TP) group. There was no difference of radiotherapy between the two groups, the RT + C cases who accepted TP regimen during the radiation, and DDP once weekly injection of vain, according to 20 mg/m2 and taxotere once weekly i.v. according to 35 mg/m2. These regimen were given for 4-5 weeks, and some medicine for vomiting was given to the RT + C cases. Two groups were received an oral medicine MA 160 mg every day during the treatment. Results: The early outcome: the complete remission rate was 64.3% and partial remission rate was 35.7% in RT + C. The complete remission rate was 32.1% and partial remission rate was 39.3% in RT. The total response rate and complete remission of RT + C group was higher than that of the RT group. There was significant difference between the two groups. In RT + C group, 1-year survive rate was 100.00% (28/28); in RT group, 1-year survive rate was 85.71% (24/28). There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 4.31 > 3.84, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The taxotere and cisplatin chemoradiotherapy can improve the early outcome of the advanced cervical cancer, and the adverse effect are raised, but that can be endured.