Distribution and conservation of near threatened plants in China

Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate change.Especially in conservation efforts,such species have however long been overlooked.Here,we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China,and used species richness,species complementarity,and weighted endemism that consider all,endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT plants.Then we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for them.Our results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China,and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature reserves.Numerous hotspots in southwestern China(e.g.,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,and Hainan) were identified as conservation gaps.Given that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species,they represent an important value in conservation priority.So,more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT plants.Additionally,when comparing with the recently updated NT list,there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories,while 328 species were lowered to least concern,56 species were now categorized as data deficient,and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific names.It is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species’ threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.

Computational Modeling of Intergranular Crack Propagation in an Intermetallic Compound Layer

A micromechanical model is presented to study the initiation and propagation of microcracks of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)in solder joints.The effects of the grain aggregate morphology,the grain boundary defects and the sensitivity of the various cohesive zone parameters in predicting the overall mechanical response are investigated.The overall strength is predominantly determined by the weak grain interfaces;both the grain aggregate morphology and the weak grain interfaces control the crack configuration;the different normal and tangential strengths of grain interfaces result in different intergranular cracking behaviors and play a critical role in determining the macroscopic mechanical response of the system.

Analysis of functional hub genes indicates DLGAP5 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma prognosis

Introduction:The difficulty in treating lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is caused by a shortage of knowledge about the biological mechanisms and a lack of treatment choices.Objectives:The aim of this study was to identify a valuable molecular target for the treatment of LUAD.Methods:Using multiple databases,we screened for hub genes in LUAD using Cytoscape and explored the expression and prognosis of DLG associated protein 5(DLGAP5)in LUAD.We investigated the genetic variation,functional enrichment,and epigenetic activity of DLGAP5.Furthermore,we evaluated the relationship between the tumor microenvironment(TME)and DLGAP5.Results:Our study identified 10 hub genes in LUAD:CDC45,KIAA0101,DLGAP5,CDT1,NCAPG,CCNB1,CDCA5,CDC20,KIF11,and AURKA.We discovered that DLGAP5 was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in LUAD.DLGAP5 exhibited an overall genetic variation frequency of 2%,and its DNA promoter was hypomethylated in LUAD(p<0.05).The expression of DLGAP5 in LUAD showed a positive correlation with the majority of N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-methylation genes.Additionally,DLGAP5 was primarily associated with the cell cycle in LUAD.Notably,there was a significant favorable association between DLGAP5 and CD274,CTLA4,HAVCR2,and LAG3 in LUAD.Conclusion:DLGAP5 may be a therapeutic target for LUAD,as it affects cancer cells proliferation and development through the regulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and modulation of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints in the TME.

精准用药指导服务模式研究

目的探索医院门诊药房精准用药指导服务模式。方法选取2022年1—3月乐山市中医医院门诊药房600例取药患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各300例。对照组患者根据处方自行取药并给予常规用药指导,观察组接受临床药师的精准用药指导。对2组患者进行回访,分析2组患者满意度、用药依从性、用药错误、不良反应发生情况,并进行对比。结果观察组患者的用药依从率和满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者用药期间的不良反应发生率和用药错误率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论为患者提供更专业的个体化精准用药指导服务,可提高患者用药依从性,提高患者满意度,降低患者用药错误率和不良反应发生率。

去肾动脉交感神经对自发性高血压大鼠交感肾上腺系统的影响

目的研究去肾动脉交感神经对自发性高血压大鼠肾上腺、下丘脑等神经内分泌器官交感神经活动的影响。方法16只12周龄的雄性自发性高血压大鼠随机分为去肾神经组(RDNX组)和假手术组(Sham组),8只12周龄的雄性Wistar大鼠作为正常对照组(WKY组)。RDNX组采用苯酚消蚀法进行双侧去肾动脉交感神经术,而Sham组和WKY组进行假手术。分别检测各组大鼠术前和术后2周的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量,以及术后肾、肾上腺和下丘脑NE含量,免疫组织化学法观察肾上腺髓质和下丘脑视旁核酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)染色情况。结果RDNX组和Sham组术前SBP、DBP、MAP高于WKY组(P<0.05);RDNX组与Sham组术前SBP、DBP、MAP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组大鼠SBP、DBP、MAP术前与术后差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RDNX组SBP、DBP、MAP术前与术后差值大于Sham组和WKY组(P<0.05)。3组大鼠术后肾脏、肾上腺和下丘脑NE含量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Sham组术后肾脏、肾上腺和下丘脑NE含量高于RDNX组和WKY组。免疫组织化学结果显示,3组大鼠术后下丘脑视旁核和肾上腺髓质TH蛋白表达量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Sham组术后下丘脑视旁核细胞TH蛋白表达量高于RDNX组和WKY组,Sham组肾上腺髓质细胞TH蛋白表达最高,WKY组其次,RDNX组最低。结论去肾动脉交感神经可减少自发性高血压大鼠肾上腺、下丘脑等神经内分泌器官的交感神经活动,并显著降低动脉血压。

Safety of axitinib and sorafenib monotherapy for patients with renal cell carcinoma:a meta-analysis

We sought to investigate safety of axitinib or sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma（RCC） patients and compare toxicity of these two vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Databases of PubMed and Embase were searched.We included phase II and III prospective trials, as well as retrospective studies, in which patients diagnosed with RCC were treated with axitinib or sorafenib monotherapy at a starting dose of 5 mg and 400 mg twice daily, respectively.The overall incidence of high grade hypertension, fatigue, gastrointestinal toxicity and hand-foot syndrome, along with their 95% confidence intervals（CI）, were calculated using fixed-or random-effects model according to heterogeneity test results. A total of 26 trials, including 4790 patients, were included in our meta-analysis. Among them, 6 arms were related to axitinib and 22 were associated with sorafenib. The incidences of hypertension（24.9%vs. 7.9%）, fatigue（8.2% vs. 6.6%）, and gastrointestinal toxicity（17.6% vs. 11.3%） were higher in patients receiving axitinib versus those receiving sorafenib, while the incidence of hand-foot syndrome was lower in patients receiving axitinib versus those receiving sorafenib（9.5% vs. 13.3%）. In conclusion, axitinib showed noticeably higher risks of toxicity versus sorafenib. Close monitoring and effective measures for adverse events are recommended during therapy.

Application of a novel computer-assisted surgery system in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A controlled study

BACKGROUND Most complex renal stones are managed primarily with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).However,PCNL is still a great challenge for surgeons because of poor comprehension on complex adjacent structures.Novel techniques are required to assist in planning and navigation.AIM To apply and evaluate the Hisense computer-assisted surgery(CAS)system in PCNL.METHODS A total of 60 patients with complex renal stones were included.Thirty patients in the CAS group had three-dimensional(3 D)virtual models constructed with the CAS system.The model assisted in planning and navigating in the CAS system.Thirty patients in the control group planned and navigated as standard PCNL,without the application of the CAS system.Success rate of one attempt,operation time,initial stone-free rate,decrease in hemoglobin,and complications were collected and analyzed.RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics or planning characteristics.The success rate of one puncturing attempt(90%vs 67%,P=0.028)and the initial stone-free rate(87%vs 63%,P=0.037)were significantly higher in the CAS group.However,there were no statistically significant differences in the operation time(89.20±29.60 min vs 92.33±33.08 min,P=0.859)or in the decrease in hemoglobin(11.07±8.32 g/L vs 9.03±11.72 g/L,P=0.300)between the CAS group and the control group.No statistically significant differences in the incidence of complications(Clavien-Dindo grade≥2)were found.CONCLUSION Compared with standard PCNL,CAS-assisted PCNL had advantages in terms of the puncturing success rate and stone-free rate.The Hisense CAS System was recommended to assist in preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation for an intuitive,precise and convenient PCNL.

Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy:A case report

BACKGROUND After undergoing radical cystectomy combined with hysterectomy,female patients may suffer from pelvic organ prolapse due to the destruction of pelvic structures,which mainly manifests as the prolapse of tissues of the vulva to varying degrees and can be accompanied by symptoms,such as bleeding and inflammation.Once this complication is present,surgical intervention is needed to resolve it.Therefore,preventing and managing this complication is especially important.CASE SUMMARY The postoperative occurrence of acute enterocele is rare,and a case of acute small bowel vaginosis 2 mo after radical cystectomy with hysterectomy is reported.When the patient was admitted,physical examination revealed that the small bowel was displaced approximately 20 cm because of vaginocele.A team of gynecological,general surgery,and urological surgeons was employed to return the small bowel and repair the lacerated vaginal wall during the emergency operation.Eventually,the patient recovered,and no recurrence was seen in the half year of follow-up.CONCLUSION We review the surgical approach for such patients,analyze high-risk factors for the disease and suggest corresponding preventive measures.

Evaluation of the Effect of Shenmai Injection on Chemotherapy Efficacy and Side Effects of Acute Leukemia

Objective.To study the effect of Shenmai injection on the efficacy and side effects of chemotherapy in acute leukemia.Methods.Sixty-two patients with acute leukemia admitted to the hospital between February 2018 and June 2019 were enrolled in this study.All patients were divided into observation and control groups according to different treatment methods in chemotherapy.The control group was treated with chemotherapy alone.The observation group was treated Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy.The treatment effect of the two groups was compared,and the incidence of bone marrow blood and side effects before and after treatment were compared.Results.The therapeutic effect of the observation group was 93.55%which was much higher than that of the control group of 74.19%,P<0.05.The bone marrow blood levels of WBC,PLT and Hb in the observation group before and after treatment were 23.97±3.05,6.76±1.27,69.01±8.15,66.96±9.46,91.07±8.15,89.35±7.46,respectively,compared with the control group.The difference in the situation after treatment was found to be significant.The incidence of toxic side effects such as nausea and vomiting,impaired liver function and renal dysfunction in the observation group was 9.68%,which was lower than that of the control group(32.26%,P<0.05).Conclusion.Shemai injection has significant effects on the efficacy and side effects of chemotherapy in acute leukemia and effectively improves the effect of chemotherapy.

Gaussianization of peculiar velocities and bulk flow measurement

The line-of-sight peculiar velocities are good indicators of the gravitational fluctuation of the density field.Techniques have been developed to extract cosmological information from the peculiar velocities in order to test cosmological models.These techniques include measuring cosmic flow,measuring two-point correlation and power spectrum of the peculiar velocity fields,and reconstructing the density field using peculiar velocities.However,some measurements from these techniques are biased due to the nonGaussianity of the estimated peculiar velocities.Therefore,we rely on the 2MTF survey to explore a power transform that can Gaussianize the estimated peculiar velocities.We find a tight linear relation between the transformation parameters and the measurement errors of log-distance ratio.To show an example for the implementation of Gaussianized peculiar velocities in cosmology,we develop a bulk flow estimator and estimate bulk flow from the Gaussianized peculiar velocities.We use 2MTF mocks to test the algorithm,and we find the algorithm yields unbiased measurements.We also find this technique gives smaller measurement errors compared to other techniques.In Galactic coordinates,at the depth of 30 h^(-1)Mpc,we measure a bulk flow of 332±27 km s^(-1) in the direction(l,b)=(293°±5°,13°±4°).The measurement is consistent with theΛCDM prediction.

带导数非最小耦合暴涨模型的势重构

为了得到带导数非最小耦合模型的势函数,从宇宙学可观测量n_s和r与慢滚参数ε_v和η_v,以及e指数数目N的关系出发,得到可观测量与N之间的关系n_s(N)和r(N);通过一般的参数化假设进行势重构.对于参数化模型n_s=1-p/(N+A),得到的理论值在2σ范围内与观测相一致.在不取强阻尼极限时,该势函数为T模形式.

The Research between Enterprise and Human Resource Mangagement

Based on the existing corporate enterprise theory and human resource management theory, the thesis explored the relation between the origin of human resources and enterprise culture, from the perspective of exploring human resources management, put forward human resources management model, as well as the corresponding strategy of construction. Finally, take the China Telecom as a case, study on the Chinese telecommunications corporate culture based on human resources management changes. The views and methods in this thesis have significance meaning for corporate harmonious development and constructing human resources management model which enterprise culture match with human resources management.

Effect of Iron on the Stability of Rhodochrosite at the Topmost Lower Mantle Conditions

Carbonates are viewed as the principal oxidized carbon carriers during subduction,and thus the stability of subducted carbonates has significant implications for the deep carbon cycle.Here we investigate the high pressure-temperature behaviors of rhodochrosite in the presence of iron up to∼34 GPa by in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy.At relatively low temperature below∼1500 K,MnCO_(3)breaks down into MnO and CO_(2).Upon heating to∼1800 K,however,the MnCO_(3)-Fe^(0)reactions occur with the formation of Mn_(3)O_(4),Fe^(O)and reduced carbon.A'three-stage'reaction mechanism is proposed to understand the kinetics of the carbon-iron-manganese redox coupling.The results suggest that Fe^(0)can serve as a reductant to greatly affect the stability of rhodochrosite,which implies that the effect of Fe-metal should be seriously considered for the high pressure-temperature behaviors of other predominant carbonates at Earth's mantle conditions,particularly at depths greater than∼250 km.

Regulating photocatalytic overall water splitting of ferroelectric heterostructures by size effect

In the past decade,ferroelectric materials have been intensively explored as promising photocatalysts.An intriguing ability of ferroelectrics is to directly sperate the photogenerated electrons and holes,which is believed to arise from a spontaneous polarization.Understanding how polarization affects the photocatalytic performance is vital to design high-efficiency photocatalysts.In this work,we report a size effect of ferroelectric polarization on regulating the photocatalytic overall water splitting of SrTiO_(3)/PbTiO_(3)nanoplate heterostructures for the first time.This was realized hydrothermally by controlling the thickness and thus spontaneous polarization strength of single-crystal and single-domain PbTiO_(3)nanoplates,which served as the substrate for selective heteroepitaxial growth of SrTiO_(3).An enhancement of 22 times in the photocatalytic overall water splitting performance of the heterostructures has been achieved when the average thickness of the nanoplate increases from 30 to 107 nm.A combined experimental investigation revealed that the incompletely compensated depolarization filed is the dominated driving force for the photogenerated carrier separation within heterostructures,and its increase with the thickness of the nanoplates accounts for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity.Moreover,the concentration of oxygen vacancies for negative polarization compensation has been found to grow as the thickness of the nanoplates increases,which promotes oxygen evolution reaction and reduces the stoichiometric ratio of H_(2)/O_(2).These findings may provide the opportunity to design and develop high-efficiency ferroelectric photocatalysts.

Dwell time and bloodstream infection incidence of umbilical venous catheterization in China

Importance:Central line-associated bloodstream infection(CLABSI)is one of the most serious complications of central venous access devices.Reducing the risk of CLABSI is of utmost significance in efforts to improve neonatal mortality rates and enhance long-term prognosis.Objective:To determine the dwell time and incidence of CLABSI of umbilical venous catheterization(UVC)for preterm infants in China.Methods:Preterm infants with UVC admitted to 44 tertiary neonatal intensive care units in 24 provinces in China were enrolled.Study period was from November 2019 to August 2021.The end point of observations was 48 h after umbilical venous(UV)catheter removal.The primary outcomes were dwell time of UV catheter and UVC-associated CLABSI.Data between infants with UV catheter dwell time≤7 days and>7 days,and with birth weight(BW)≤1000 g and>1000 g were compared.Results:In total,2172 neonates were enrolled(gestational age 30.0±2.4 weeks,BW 1258.5±392.8 g).The median UV catheter dwell time was 7(6–10)days.The incidence of UVC-associated CLABSI was 3.03/1000 UV catheter days.For infants with UV catheter dwell time≤7 days and>7 days,the UVC-associated CLABSI incidence was 3.71 and 2.65 per 1000 UV catheter days,respectively,P=0.23.For infants with UVC dwell times of 3–6,7–12,and 13–15 days,the UVC-associated CLABSI rates were 0.14%,0.68%,and 2.48%(P<0.01).The Kaplan–Meier plot of UV catheter dwell time to CLABSI showed no difference between infants with BW≤1000 g and>1000 g(P=0.60).Interpretation:The median dwell time of UV catheter was 7 days,and the incidence of UVC-associated CLABSI was 3.03/1000 catheter days in China.The daily risk of UVC-associated CLABSI and other complications increased with the dwell time.

Effects of high-/low-temperature and high-altitude hypoxic environments on gut microbiota of sports people:A retrospective analysis

As an invisible“endocrine organ”,gut microbiota is widely involved in the regulation of nervous system,endocrine system,circulatory system,and digestive system.It is also closely related to host health and the occurrence of many chronic diseases.Relevant literature shows that high temperature,low temperature,and highaltitude hypoxia may have negative effects on commensal microorganisms.The stimulation of exercise may aggravate this reaction,which is related to the occurrence of exercise-induced fever and gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases.The intervention of probiotics can alleviate the above problems to a certain extent.Therefore,this paper takes exercise in a special environment as the starting point,deeply analyses the intervention effect and potential mechanism of probiotics,and provides the theoretical basis and reference for follow-up research and application of probiotics in sports science.

Breaking the diffraction limit in far field by planar metalens

Optical lens is of fundamental importance in both scientific researches and industrial communities, especially for the aspects of optical focusing and imaging. In traditional optics, the light modulation property is limited by the Rayleigh Criterion （0.6 λ/NA）, and therefore the development of an ideal lens that produces sub-diffraction limit focusing and imaging has been a dream of lens makers all the time. Intensive effort has been made to break this barrier for centuries, however, all the reported techniques suffer from certain limitations for general applications, such as near-field operation, small field of view, or object dyeing which works only for a narrow-class of samples [1-3].

燃烧化学动力学机理的框架简化：组分耦合的灵敏性分析简化方法（英文）

目的:发动机燃烧数值模拟需要高精度的、尺寸合适的化学反应机理,因此需要对复杂的详细化学反应机理进行简化。由于现有的灵敏性分析简化方法效率低且计算时间长,因此本文希望得出一种效率更高、计算时间更短的灵敏性分析简化方法。创新点:1.利用直接关系图简化方法中的相互作用系数计算待删除组分之间的相互耦合关系,提出了组分耦合的灵敏性分析简化方法;耦合关系较大的两个组分被视为一个整体,有助于提高灵敏性分析简化的效率、缩短计算时间。2.得到了较小尺寸的乙烯(33组分)和正庚烷(79组分)框架燃烧反应机理。方法:1.提出组分耦合的灵敏性分析简化方法,即先利用直接关系图简化方法中的相互作用系数计算待删除组分之间的相互耦合关系(公式(2)和(3),图2);在简化过程中,耦合关系较大的两个组分被视为一个整体被删除。2.通过0维和一维计算验证得到的简化化学反应机理的精度。结论:1.本文所提出的组分耦合的灵敏性分析简化方法提高了灵敏性分析简化的效率、缩短了计算时间。2.利用此方法对含有111组分和784基元反应的乙烯以及561组分和2539基元反应的正庚烷的燃烧化学机理进行简化,最终得到33组分的乙烯框架机理和79组分和339基元反应的正庚烷框架反应机理。3.在较宽的工况范围内对得到的框架机理进行点火延时、层流火焰传播速度、温度曲线、组分浓度和反应的灵敏性分析等燃烧特性参数的验证与分析,结果表明得到的框架机理具有较高的精度和较小的尺寸,适用于燃烧数值模拟。

Explore artificial neural networks for solving complex hydrocarbon chemistry in turbulent reactive flows

Global warming caused by the use of fossil fuels is a common concern of the world today.It is of practical importance to conduct in-depth fundamental research and optimal design for modern engine combustors through However,complex hydrocarbon chemistry,an indispensable component for predictive modeling,is computahigh-fidelity computational fluid dynamics(CFD),so as to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.tionally demanding,Its application in simulation-based design optimization,although desirable,is quite limited.To address this challenge,we propose a methodology for representing complex chemistry with artificial neural networks(ANNs),which are trained with a comprehensive sample dataset generated by the Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)method.With a given chemical kinetic mechanism,the thermochemical sample data is able to cover the whole accessible pressure/temperature/species space in various turbulent flames.The ANN-based model consists of two different layers:the self-organizing map(SOM)and the back-propagation neural network(BPNN).The methodology is demonstrated to represent a 30-species methane chemical mechanism.The obtained ANN model is applied to simulate both a non-premixed turbulent flame(DLR_A)and a partially premixed turbulent flame(Flame D)to validate its applicability for different flames.Results show that the ANN-based chemical kinetics can reduce the computational cost by about two orders of magnitude without loss of accuracy,The proposed methodology can successfully construct an ANN-based chemical mechanism with significant ffciency gain and a broad scope of applicability,and thus holds a great potential for complex hydrocarbon fuels.

Association between duration of return of spontaneous circulation and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background:Return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)is a core outcome element of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR);however,the definition or criterion of ROSC is disputed and varies in resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA).Methods:This was a retrospective study of 126 patients with OHCA who achieved ROSC between January and December 2020.The probability of survival after OHCA related to CPR and ROSC duration was analyzed using the probability density function and empirical cumulative density functions.Results:There were no significant differences between ROSC sustained until emergency department arrival and that sustained for at least 20 minutes in terms of the 24-hour survival rate(31.3%[31/99]vs.35.7%[10/30];P=0.84),30-day survival rate(23.2%[23/99]vs.25.0%[7/30];P=0.99),or survival at 30 days with cerebral performance category(CPC)1 and 2(18.2%[18/99]vs.10.7%[3/30];P=0.44).The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test values from the empirical cumulative density functions with ROSC sustained until hospital arrival and that sustained for at least 20 minutes were 0.44,0.20,and 0.24 for CPC 1 or 2,CPC 3 or 4,and CPC 5,respectively.Conclusion:Return of spontaneous circulation is a core outcome element of CPR.It should be defined as sustained for at least 20 minutes or until arrival at the emergency department and as a basic standard for evaluating resuscitation success after OHCA.