磁共振与超声认知融合下经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺诊断PCa的单中心研究

目的 比较磁共振与超声认知融合下经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺与系统性前列腺穿刺的差异性,观察靶向穿刺是否可替代系统穿刺。方法 回顾性分析2019年7月—2020年12月本院收治的行前列腺多参数磁共振(mpMRI)检查,根据第2版前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS v2)评分≥3分的57例患者的临床资料,同时进行2针靶向穿刺和12针系统穿刺,依据阳性检出情况,分为MRI-TRUS认知融合下前列腺穿刺活检术组(n=26)和TURS系统性前列腺穿刺术组(n=28)两组。比较两组在前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)检出率方面的差异性。结果 共32例证实为PCa,其中经认知融合靶向活检检出PCa 26例(45.6%),漏诊6例(18.8%),系统性穿刺活检检出PCa 28例(49.1%),漏诊4例(14.3%),两组在PCa的检出率无显著差异(χ^(2)=0.14,P=0.71),二者联合检出32例(56.1%)。检出的PCa患者中,两组患者的Gleason评分(t=0.08,P=0.8)和国际泌尿病理协会(International Society of Urological PathologyISUP)分级(t=0.15,P=0.85)均无显著性差异。结论 磁共振与超声认知融合下经直肠前列腺靶向穿刺与系统性经直肠前列腺穿刺活检在PCa的检出率方面差异无统计学意义,可在临床应用。尽管穿刺针数少,患者相对痛苦小,但不能取代系统性前列腺穿刺活检,二者结合可提高PCa的检出率,降低漏诊率,适合在基层医院应用推广。

Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids improve quality and microstructure of broiler meat by changing untargeted metabolome

Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were supplemented with a basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg,50 mg BLFs/kg,or 250 mg BLFs/kg or without additions.Data showed that the dietary BLFs significantly(P<0.05)changed growth performance and the texture profile.In particular,BLFs increased birds’average daily gain and average daily feed intake,decreased the feed:gain ratio and mortality rate,improved elasticity of breast meat,enhanced the gumminess of breast and leg meat,and decreased the hardness of breast meat.Moreover,a significant(P<0.05)increase in redness(a*)and chroma(c*)of breast meat and c*and water-holding capacity of leg meat was found in BLF-supplemented broilers compared with control broilers.In addition,BLFs supplementation significantly decreased(P<0.05)theβ-sheet ratio and serum malondialdehyde and increased theβ-turn ratio of protein secondary structure,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase of breast meat and total antioxidant capacity and catalase of serum.Based on the analysis of untargeted metabolome,BLFs treatment considerably altered 14 metabolites of the breast meat,including flavonoids,amino acids,and organic acids,as well as phenolic and aromatic compounds.Conclusions Dietary BLFs supplementation could play a beneficial role in improving meat quality and sensory color in the poultry industry by changing protein secondary structures and modulating metabolites.

数字孪生增强的复合材料质量预测

复合材料以其优异的性能被广泛应用于许多领域。复合材料的质量缺陷会导致其构件的性能下降,成为潜在的事故隐患。当前国内外研究者通常采用实验或仿真的方法对复合材料的质量进行预测。然而,由于固化环境的不确定性和动态、静态特征考虑不全面,因此难以准确预测复合材料的质量。为了解决这一问题,本文首先建立了复合材料的数字孪生(DT)模型,然后通过实现静态热压罐DT虚拟模型与可变复合材料DT虚拟模型的耦合,完成复合材料固化过程数字孪生模型的构建。基于该固化过程模型,生成模拟数据来增加动态特征,从而提高质量预测的准确性。最后基于获取的数据,使用极限学习机(ELM)构建复合材料质量预测模型,并通过结果分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

高发射率水浴黑体腔优化设计与测试

针对卫星红外载荷高精度定标试验需求,研制高发射率水浴黑体腔。基于Gouffe理论设计黑体腔结构参数,对比两种腔体内表面处理方法,选择喷涂高发射率涂层的工艺;采取分体式圆锥嵌合结构解决传统构型锥尖加工困难、涂层堆积的问题;并通过理论计算、光线追迹仿真和实验测量评价黑体腔的有效发射率。结果表明,所研制的黑体腔有效发射率达0.997,满足高精度红外载荷定标试验需求。

A 5M Synchronization Mechanism for Digital Twin Shop-Floor

In recent years,as a promising way to realize digital transformation,digital twin shop-floor(DTS)plays an impor-tant role in smart manufacturing.The core feature of DTS is the synchronization.How to implement and maintain the synchronization is critical for DTS.However,there is still a lack of a common definition for synchronization in DTS.Besides,a systematic synchronization mechanism for DTS is strongly needed.This paper first summarizes the defi-nition and requirements of synchronization in DTS,to clarify the understanding of synchronization in DTS.Then,a 5M synchronization mechanism for DTS is proposed,where 5M refers to multi-system data,multi-fidelity model,multi-resource state,multi-level state,and multi-stage operation.As a bottom-up synchronization mechanism,5M synchronization mechanism for DTS has the potential to support DTS to achieve and maintain physical-virtual state synchronization,and to realize operation synchronization of DTS.The implementation methods of 5M synchronization mechanism for DTS are also introduced.Finally,the proposed synchronization mechanism is validated in a digital twin satellite assembly shop-floor,which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the mechanism.

腹膜后节细胞神经瘤两例病例报道及文献复习

节细胞神经瘤(Ganglioneuromas,GNs)是起源于神经嵴的良性肿瘤,主要来源于交感神经系统,通常发生于后纵隔或者腹膜后。临床上少见,多数无症状,一般不会侵犯周围器官,但不容易与一些恶性病变(如淋巴瘤等)鉴别。本文报告了2例男性患者腹膜后节细胞神经瘤的诊断治疗过程,并复习相关的文献,以便更好的了解相关临床表现,影像学特点和病例特征。

基于LCL滤波的400 Hz逆变器并联控制

LCL滤波器广泛应用于并联系统中,这种滤波器的结构有利于环流抑制和功率均分,但在非线性工况下容易在负载侧产生较大的谐波电压。针对环流抑制与电压质量控制的矛盾,对400 Hz逆变器等效阻抗进行了分析,揭示了输出电压闭环控制与引入输出电流前馈的电容电压闭环控制是等效的,可以减少谐波电压,但也削弱了负载侧电感的环流抑制作用。在此基础上,提出采用多比例谐振控制器和负载电流前馈构成虚拟负谐波阻抗,以重塑逆变器在低次谐波处的等效输出阻抗为小阻抗,从而减小谐波电压。通过采用不同基准的多比例谐振控制技术,实现了分频段阻抗重塑,使滤波器在基波和高次谐波频率处仍具有环流抑制功能。最后,使用下垂控制策略对两台逆变器进行了并联实验研究,实验结果验证了所提技术方案的有效性。

以运动方向为主导的轨迹相似性度量方法

考虑到移动对象的行为趋势体现在行驶距离与前进方向上,提出以运动方向为主导并兼顾形态距离特征的轨迹相似性度量方法。形态距离特征采用包围面积进行度量,运动方向特征分别采用真实平均方向、线性平均方向、最长公共方向序列3种形式进行度量,选取形态距离和运动方向的最优组合作为轨迹相似性度量的最终形式。北京市出租车GPS载客轨迹数据上的聚类应用结果表明,该相似性度量方法能够有效区分移动对象的趋势方向,且聚类准确率优于最长公共子序列方法。

数字油田地上下三维集成建模系统研究

在对油田地上下二三维建模过程中各类数据分类和解析的基础上,采用地上CSG+地表GRID+地下Pillar混合模型建立地上下统一的数据结构和接口,分析三维地形、三维油藏、三维地物、地表二维矢量三维化、坐标系与坐标转换等可视化建模方法,根据OSG平台建立统一的三维场景,提出基于面的三维网格消隐算法和基于离散属性值的邻域作用力网格平滑算法,研究三维垂向剖切、剖切面展布与井轨迹在剖面上的投影,实现基于遗传算法的水平井水平段设计优化技术。以内蒙古某油田为实验对象,结果表明,该系统可用于数字油田地上下三维集成建模。

Digital Twins and Cyber Physical Systems toward Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0:Correlation and Comparison

State-of-the-art technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),cloud computing(CC),big data analytics(BDA),and artificial intelligence(AI)have greatly stimulated the development of smart manufacturing.An important prerequisite for smart manufacturing is cyber-physical integration,which is increasingly being embraced by manufacturers.As the preferred means of such integration,cyber-physical systems(CPS)and digital twins(DTs)have gained extensive attention from researchers and practitioners in industry.With feedback loops in which physical processes affect cyber parts and vice versa,CPS and DTs can endow manufacturing systems with greater efficiency,resilience,and intelligence.CPS and DTs share the same essential concepts of an intensive cyber-physical connection,real-time interaction,organization integration,and in-depth collaboration.However,CPS and DTs are not identical from many perspectives,including their origin,development,engineering practices,cyber-physical mapping,and core elements.In order to highlight the differences and correlation between them,this paper reviews and analyzes CPS and DTs from multiple perspectives.

Smart Manufacturing and Intelligent Manufacturing:A Comparative Review

The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world.However,different terminologies,namely smart manufacturing(SM)and intelligent manufacturing(IM),have been applied to what may be broadly characterized as a similar paradigm by some researchers and practitioners.While SM and IM are similar,they are not identical.From an evolutionary perspective,there has been little consideration on whether the definition,thought,connotation,and technical development of the concepts of SM or IM are consistent in the literature.To address this gap,the work performs a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research literature to systematically compare inherent differences of SM and IM and clarify the relationship between SM and IM.A bibliometric analysis of publication sources,annual publication numbers,keyword frequency,and top regions of research and development establishes the scope and trends of the currently presented research.Critical topics discussed include origin,definitions,evolutionary path,and key technologies of SM and IM.The implementation architecture,standards,and national focus are also discussed.In this work,a basis to understand SM and IM is provided,which is increasingly important because the trend to merge both terminologies rises in Industry 4.0 as intelligence is being rapidly applied to modern manufacturing and human–cyber–physical systems.

北京市出租车GPS轨迹数据统计特征分析

以2015年5月11-17日北京市3万多辆出租车3.85亿条轨迹点数据为研究对象,对非载客段数据点进行剔除,使用R语言从居民出行距离、轨迹段持续时间、分时段出行量、出行方向及平均速度五个角度进行统计特征分析,并通过拟合得到浮动车行驶距离与持续时长所遵循的指数分布,进而发现距离衰减效应、工作日与周末的日律性,并以此分析乘客出行距离、出行时间的潜在规律。

Biologically Inspired Design of Context-Aware Smart Products

The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of product smartness.Unlike artifacts,various bio-systems are naturally characterized by their extraordinary context-awareness.Biologically inspired design(BID)is one of the most commonly employed design strategies.However,few studies have examined the BID of context-aware smart products to date.This paper presents a structured design framework to support the BID of context-aware smart products.The meaning of context-awareness is defined from the perspective of product design.The framework is developed based on the theoretical foundations of the situated function-behavior-structure ontology.A structured design process is prescribed to leverage various biological inspirations in order to support different conceptual design activities,such as problem formulation,structure reformulation,behavior reformulation,and function reformulation.Some existing design methods and emerging design tools are incorporated into the framework.A case study is presented to showcase how this framework can be followed to redesign a robot vacuum cleaner and make it more context-aware.

GIS局部放电定位技术及其应用分析

文章介绍了GIS局部放电定位技术,GIS超声波局部放电检测技术,以及GIS局部放电的定位方法。

一起特高压隔离开关操作回路异常分析

隔离开关(闸刀)的操作回路可靠完善对保证闸刀稳定运行具有重要作用。以1000 kV特高压某站闸刀拒合闸为例,对故障现象进行初步分析,结合图纸与经验对故障闸刀操作回路进行详细检查处理;针对检查中发现的控制回路自保持功能存在导致闸刀三相异常分、合闸的问题,结合图纸分析了该隐患发生的原因,同时处理中发现拉开闸刀控制电源空气开关(空开)和电机电源空开无法消除自保持;根据闸刀控制回路接线和空开模式的特点,提出了相应整改方案,提高了电网安全稳定运行。

木星磁场及磁场模型的对比分析

木星具有太阳系最强的行星磁场,是木星探测面临的基本环境。首先对磁场环境及其数学模型进行了调研,并在研究木星磁场模型以及磁场的数学原理的基础上,使用MATLAB数学工具实现了木星主磁场的计算,对VIP4、VIT4、O6和V117ev(eigenvector,特征向量)4个模型与磁测数据进行了对比及分析。研究结果表明这4个模型计算得到的磁场强度范围较为一致,但在全球磁场分布上存在差异,尤其是对磁南极位置的识别上,4个模型的结果都不相同;在对模型计算结果与探测数据的探讨分析中,发现4个模型与探测数据的符合较为一致,偏差均较小。可为木星探测的环境保障提供必要的理论基础和计算模型支撑。

消防管道检漏分析及处理方案浅析

介绍了特高压某站消防管道的保压试验方法,针对保压试验不合格的消防管道,运用分段密封法对不同消防管道泄漏点进行快速、准确的检测与定位。对特高压某站消防管道泄漏的主要原因进行分析,根据检漏试验中发现的问题,提出了相应的建议和解决方案。以特高压某站消防管道保压试验与泄漏点定位为例,所进行的试验表明,分段密封法可有效、准确地检测与定位出消防管道的所有泄漏点,有效地保证全站消防系统的安全、可靠运行。

makeTwin:A reference architecture for digital twin software platform

Digital twin is currently undergoing a significant transformation from the conceptual and theoretical research phase to the implementation and application phase.However,a universally adaptable research and development platform for digital twin is critically needed to meet the development requirements.Specifically,a publicly accessible simulation,testing,and validation platform which can support digital twin model building,data processing,algorithm design,configuration,etc.,is urgently required for researchers.Furthermore,for developers from the industry,a lowcode development platform that can offer a customizable suite of functions such as model creation,data management,protocol configuration,and visualization is urgently needed.Meanwhile,for enterprise users,there is a lack of an application management platform that can be configured and migrated for various application scenarios,functions,and modes.Therefore,based on the system research of digital twin theories and key technologies by the authors(such as the five-dimension digital twin model,digital twin modeling and digital twin data theory,digital twin standards,and so on),a digital twin software platform reference architecture,namely make Twin,is proposed and designed,as well as its ten core functions.The workflow of the make Twin and the interaction mechanisms among its core functions are described.Finally,a digital twin application system for a chemical fiber textile shop floor(CFTS)which was developed according to make Twin,is introduced,which validates the proposed reference architecture.

Genomic analysis,trajectory tracking,and field surveys reveal sources and long-distance dispersal routes of wheat stripe rust pathogen in China

Identifying sources of phytopathogen inoculum and determining their contributions to disease outbreaks are essential for predicting disease development and establishing control strategies.Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the causal agent of wheat stripe rust,is an airborne fungal pathogen with rapid virulence variation that threatens wheat production through its long-distance migration.Because of wide variation in geographic features,climatic conditions,and wheat production systems,Pst sources and related dispersal routes in China are largely unclear.In the present study,we performed genomic analyses of 154 Pst isolates from all major wheat-growing regions in China to determine Pst population structure and diversity.Through trajectory tracking,historical migration studies,genetic introgression analyses,and field surveys,we investigated Pst sources and their contributions to wheat stripe rust epidemics.We identified Longnan,the Himalayan region,and the Guizhou Plateau,which contain the highest population genetic diversities,as the Pst sources in China.Pst from Longnan disseminates mainly to eastern Liupan Mountain,the Sichuan Basin,and eastern Qinghai;that from the Himalayan region spreads mainly to the Sichuan Basin and eastern Qinghai;and that from the Guizhou Plateau migrates mainly to the Sichuan Basin and the Central Plain.These findings improve our current understanding of wheat stripe rust epidemics in China and emphasize the need for managing stripe rust on a national scale.

Digital twin-driven green material optimal selection and evolution in product iterative design

In recent years,green concepts have been integrated into the product iterative design in the manufacturing field to address global competition and sustainability issues.However,previous efforts for green material optimal selection disregarded the interaction and fusion among physical entities,virtual models,and users,resulting in distortions and inaccuracies among user,physical entity,and virtual model such as inconsistency among the expected value,predicted simulation value,and actual performance value of evaluation indices.Therefore,this study proposes a digital twin-driven green material optimal selection and evolution method for product iterative design.Firstly,a novel framework is proposed.Subsequently,an analysis is carried out from six perspectives:the digital twin model construction for green material optimal selection,evolution mechanism of the digital twin model,multi-objective prediction and optimization,algorithm design,decision-making,and product function verification.Finally,taking the material selection of a shared bicycle frame as an example,the proposed method was verified by the prediction and iterative optimization of the carbon emission index.