从中国首台紫外-可见光高光谱卫星仪器反演得到的高空间分辨率臭氧廓线

Understanding the vertical distribution of ozone is crucial when assessing both its horizontal and vertical transport,as well as when analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere.One of the most effective ways to obtain high spatial resolution ozone profiles is through satellite observations.The Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument(EMI)deployed on the Gaofen-5 satellite is the first Chinese ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral spectrometer.However,retrieving ozone profiles using backscattered radiance values measured by the EMI is challenging due to unavailable measurement errors and a low signal-to-noise ratio.The algorithm developed for the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument did not allow us to retrieve 87%of the EMI pixels.Therefore,we developed an algorithm specific to the characteristics of the EMI.The fitting residuals are smaller than 0.3%in most regions.The retrieved ozone profiles were in good agreement with ozonesonde data,with maximum mean biases of 20%at five latitude bands.By applying EMI averaging kernels to the ozonesonde profiles,the integrated stratospheric column ozone and tropospheric column ozone also showed excellent agreement with ozonesonde data,The lower layers(0-7.5 km)of the EMI ozone profiles reflected the seasonal variation in surface ozone derived from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center(CNEMC).However,the upper layers(9.7-16.7 km)of the ozone profiles show different trends,with the ozone peak occurring at an altitude of 9.7-16.7 km in March,2019.A stratospheric intrusion event in central China from August 11 to 15,2019,is captured using the EMI ozone profiles,potential vorticity data,and relative humidity data.The increase in the CNEMC ozone co ncentration showed that downward transport enhanced surface ozone pollution.

A hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm for multivariable pore pressure prediction

Pore pressure is essential data in drilling design,and its accurate prediction is necessary to ensure drilling safety and improve drilling efficiency.Traditional methods for predicting pore pressure are limited when forming particular structures and lithology.In this paper,a machine learning algorithm and effective stress theorem are used to establish the transformation model between rock physical parameters and pore pressure.This study collects data from three wells.Well 1 had 881 data sets for model training,and Wells 2 and 3 had 538 and 464 data sets for model testing.In this paper,support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)are selected as the machine learning algorithms for pore pressure modeling.In addition,this paper uses the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm,particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,sparrow search algorithm(SSA),and bat algorithm(BA)to establish a hybrid machine learning optimization algorithm,and proposes an improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)algorithm.The IGWO-MLP model obtained the minimum root mean square error(RMSE)by using the 5-fold cross-validation method for the training data.For the pore pressure data in Well 2 and Well 3,the coefficients of determination(R^(2))of SVM,RF,XGB,and MLP are 0.9930 and 0.9446,0.9943 and 0.9472,0.9945 and 0.9488,0.9949 and 0.9574.MLP achieves optimal performance on both training and test data,and the MLP model shows a high degree of generalization.It indicates that the IGWO-MLP is an excellent predictor of pore pressure and can be used to predict pore pressure.

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Phlomoides(Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)in China:Insights from molecular and morphological data

Phlomoides,with 150-170 species,is the second largest and perhaps most taxonomically challenging genus within the subfamily Lamioideae(Lamiaceae).With about 60 species,China is one of three major biodiversity centers of Phlomoides.Although some Phlomoides species from China have been included in previous molecular phylogenetic studies,a robust and broad phylogeny of this lineage has yet to be completed.Moreover,given the myriad new additions to the genus,the existing infrageneric classification needs to be evaluated and revised.Here,we combine molecular and morphological data to investigate relationships within Phlomoides,with a focus on Chinese species.We observed that plastid DNA sequences can resolve relationships within Phlomoides better than nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions(nrITS and nrETS).Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Phlomoides,but most previously defined infrageneric groups are not monophyletic.In addition,morphological analysis demonstrates the significant taxonomic value of eight characters to the genus.Based on our molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological data,we establish a novel section Notochaete within Phlomoides,and propose three new combinations as well as three new synonyms.This study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of Phlomoides in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included,and highlights the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of several morphological characters from species of Phlomoides from China.Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision and reclassification for the entire genus is necessary in the future.

Age-related hearing loss accelerates the decline in fast speech comprehension and the decompensation of cortical network connections

Patients with age-related hearing loss face hearing difficulties in daily life.The causes of age-related hearing loss are complex and include changes in peripheral hearing,central processing,and cognitive-related abilities.Furthermore,the factors by which aging relates to hearing loss via changes in audito ry processing ability are still unclear.In this cross-sectional study,we evaluated 27 older adults(over 60 years old) with age-related hearing loss,21 older adults(over 60years old) with normal hearing,and 30 younger subjects(18-30 years old) with normal hearing.We used the outcome of the uppe r-threshold test,including the time-compressed thres h old and the speech recognition threshold in noisy conditions,as a behavioral indicator of auditory processing ability.We also used electroencephalogra p hy to identify presbycusis-related abnormalities in the brain while the participants were in a spontaneous resting state.The timecompressed threshold and speech recognition threshold data indicated significant diffe rences among the groups.In patients with age-related hearing loss,information masking(babble noise) had a greater effect than energy masking(speech-shaped noise) on processing difficulties.In terms of resting-state electroencephalography signals,we observed enhanced fro ntal lobe(Brodmann’s area,BA11) activation in the older adults with normal hearing compared with the younger participants with normal hearing,and greater activation in the parietal(BA7) and occipital(BA19) lobes in the individuals with age-related hearing loss compared with the younger adults.Our functional connection analysis suggested that compared with younger people,the older adults with normal hearing exhibited enhanced connections among networks,including the default mode network,sensorimotor network,cingulo-opercular network,occipital network,and frontoparietal network.These results suggest that both normal aging and the development of age-related hearing loss have a negative effect on advanced audito ry processing capabilities and that hearing loss accele rates the decline in speech comprehension,especially in speech competition situations.Older adults with normal hearing may have increased compensatory attentional resource recruitment represented by the to p-down active listening mechanism,while those with age-related hearing loss exhibit decompensation of network connections involving multisensory integration.

Performance comparison of lithium fractionation from magnesium via continuous selective nanofiltration/electrodialysis

Although selective nanofiltration(SNF)and selective electrodialysis(SED)have been widely adopted in the field of Mg^(2+)/Li^(+)separation,their differences have not been illustrated systematically.In this study,for the first time,SNF and SED processes in continuous mode were studied for Li+fractionation from the same brine with high Mg/Li ratios and their differences were discussed in detail.For a fair analysis of the two processes,typical factors were optimized.Specifically,the optimal operating pressure and feed flow rate for SNF were 2.4 MPa and 140 L·h^(-1),respectively,while the optimal cell-pair voltage and replenishment flow rate for SED were 1.0 V and 14 L·h^(-1),respectively.Although the Li^(+)fractionation capacity of the two processes were similar,the selectivity coefficient of SNF was 24.7% higher than that of SED and,thus,the Mg/Li ratio in purified stream of the former was 19.0% lower than that of the latter.Due to higher ion driving force,SED had clear advantages in recovery ratio and concentration effects.Meanwhile,the specific energy consumption of SED was 20.1% lower than that of SNF.This study provided a better understanding and guidance for the application and improvement of the two technologies.

Detection of TiO and VO in the Atmosphere of WASP-121b and Evidence For its Temporal Variation

We report the transit observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b using the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph at the 4 m ground-based Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope,covering the wavelength range502-900 nm.By dividing the target and reference star into 19 spectroscopic passbands and applying differential spectrophotometry,we derive spectroscopic transit light curves and fit them using a Gaussian process framework to determine transit depths for every passband.The obtained optical transmission spectrum shows a steep increased slope toward the blue wavelength,which seems to be too steep to be accounted for by Rayleigh scattering alone.We note that the transmission spectrum from this work and other works differ obviously from each other,which was pointed out previously by Wilson et al.as evidence for temporal atmospheric variation.We perform a free chemistry retrieval analysis on the optical transmission spectra from this work and the literature HST/WFC3 NIR spectrum.We determine TiO,VO and H_(2)O with abundances of-5.95_(-0.42)^(+0.47)dex,-6.72_(-1.79)^(+0.51)dex and-4.13_(-0.46)^(+0.63)dex,respectively.We compare the abundances of all three of these molecules derived from this work and previous works,and find that they are not consistent with each other,indicating the chemical compositions of the terminator region may change over long timescales.Future multi-epoch and high-precision transit observations are required to further confirm this phenomenon.We note that when combining the transmission spectra in the optical and in NIR in retrieval analysis,the abundances of V and VO,the NIR-to-optical offset and the cloud deck pressure may be coupled with each other.

The Masses of a Sample of Radial-velocity Exoplanets with Astrometric Measurements

Being one of the most fundamental physical parameter of astronomical objects,mass plays a vital role in the study of exoplanets,including their temperature structure,chemical composition,formation,and evolution.However,nearly a quarter of the known confirmed exoplanets lack measurements of their masses.This is particularly severe for those discovered via the radial velocity(RV)technique,which alone could only yield the minimum mass of planets.In this study,we use published RV data combined with astrometric data from a cross-calibrated Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations to jointly constrain the masses of 115 RV-detected substellar companions,by conducting full orbital fits using the public tool orvara.Among them,9 exoplanets with M_(p)sini<13.5M_(Jup)are reclassified to the brown dwarf(BD)regime,and 16 BD candidates(13.5≤Mp sini<80M_(Jup))turn out to be low-mass M dwarfs.We point out the presence of a transition in the BD regime as seen in the distributions of host star metallicity and orbital eccentricity with respect to planet masses.We confirm the previous findings that companions with masses below 42.5 M_(Jup)might primarily form in the protoplanetary disk through core accretion or disk gravitational instability,while those with masses above 42.5 M_(Jup)formed through the gravitational instability of a molecular cloud like stars.Selection effects and detection biases,which may affect our analysis to some extent,are discussed.

市场分数对期货定价模型的影响

建立期货市场定价模型,研究异质型投资者市场分数的占比对期货价格模型的影响,通过理论分析给出系统的平衡点及稳定区域的条件,一定比例下的异质型投资者可以维持系统的稳定性,异质型投资者的增多以及策略的转变可以增加市场活力,使市场达到均衡状态.

模拟子宫微环境诱导大鼠胎盘间充质干细胞向子宫内膜上皮细胞方向分化的实验研究

目的模拟子宫微环境诱导大鼠胎盘间充质干细胞(PMSCs)向子宫内膜上皮细胞方向分化。方法原代培养大鼠PMSCs及传代,绘制细胞生长曲线,制备子宫内膜条件培养液,用子宫内膜条件培养液和雌激素(β-雌二醇)进行体外诱导分化PMSCs;免疫荧光化学法检测细胞波形蛋白和角蛋白的表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测上皮细胞标记细胞角蛋白7(CK-7)、细胞角蛋白18(CK-18)、细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)的基因表达;Western blotting检测波形蛋白和角蛋白表达量。结果实验组CK-7、CK-18、CK-19、EMA mRNA相对表达量高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组波形蛋白相对表达量低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组角蛋白相对表达量高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论使用子宫内膜诱导培养液和雌激素能够促进大鼠PMSCs向子宫内膜上皮细胞方向分化,其作用显著,体外模拟子宫微环境在PMSCs向子宫内膜上皮细胞方向分化中有着重要的作用。

非小细胞肺癌组织长链非编码RNA LINC00265、microRNA-98-5p的表达及其临床意义

目的探究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)LINC00265、microRNA-98-5p(miR-98-5p)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2016年1月—2017年12月乐山市人民医院收治的97例NSCLC患者的癌组织、相应癌旁正常组织进行研究。利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应测定癌组织及癌旁正常组织lncRNA LINC00265、miR-98-5p相对表达量;分析癌组织lncRNA LINC00265、miR-98-5p与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系;采用Pearson法分析癌组织lncRNA LINC00265与miR-98-5p的相关性;Cox回归分析影响NSCLC患者预后的因素。结果NSCLC患者癌组织lncRNA LINC00265相对表达量高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05),miR-98-5p相对表达量低于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05)。有无淋巴结转移、不同临床分期和分化程度患者癌组织的lncRNA LINC00265和miR-98-5p表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌组织lncRNA LINC00265与miR-98-5p呈负相关(r=-0.580,P=0.000)。lncRNA LINC00265高表达、miR-98-5p低表达NSCLC患者36个月总生存时间、无病生存期较短(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移[HR^(^)=2.152(95%CI:1.431,3.235)]、临床分期[HR^(^)=2.136(95%CI:1.429,3.192)]、lncRNA LINC00265[HR^(^)=2.533(95%CI:1.552,4.135)]是NSCLC患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而miR-98-5p[HR^(^)=0.618(95%CI:0.506,0.755)]是NSCLC患者死亡的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论NSCLC患者癌组织lncRNA LINC00265相对表达量升高,miR-98-5p相对表达量降低,其可能共同调控NSCLC的发生、发展,检测其相对表达量有利于判定NSCLC患者的预后。

骨导刺激时外耳道声压对骨导高频听力的影响

目的研究骨导听觉刺激时外耳道声压对骨导听觉高频听力的影响。方法选取无耳疾、纯音听阈≤25 dB HL(500、1000、2000、4000、6000 Hz)、无气骨导差、中耳腔压力正常(±50 daPa)的4名青年志愿者(23~42岁)共8耳。检测鼓膜脐部与外耳道近纤维骨环处振动速度,分别检测耳道开放与闭合时外耳道声压。分析气导刺激时鼓膜脐部振动速度与骨导刺激时鼓膜脐部及外耳道近纤维骨环处振动速度差,比较在骨导刺激下耳道开放与闭合时外耳道声压。结果气导刺激时鼓膜脐部振动速度较骨导刺激时鼓膜脐部相对振动速度大,在骨导刺激下耳道闭合时外耳道声压较耳道开放时高,且耳道开放与闭合在3000 Hz以上与气导刺激时外耳道声压差别不大。结论骨导刺激时,外耳道声压对3000 Hz以上骨导听觉影响相对较大。具体机制尚需进一步研究。

单侧耳聋治疗效果的综合评估：系统综述

目的评估信号对传系统、骨锚式助听器和人工耳蜗植入对单侧耳聋的治疗效果。方法对2009-2015年间，选择不同治疗方法与单侧耳聋（single-sided deafness，SSD）的关键词组合在外文数据库PubMed、Springerlink、Web of Science中进行检索。共搜索出46篇研究论文。排除研究样本量太小，数据不确定或缺失的论文，最终纳入13篇。结果最终纳入的13篇文献，其研究方法包括使用主客观评估某种治疗方法或比较多种治疗方法的有效性。不同方法评估SSD干预后显示均有提高，但主观评估相比客观评估优点显著，且各研究结果差异很大，部分信息相互矛盾。临床评估本身缺乏与现实生活相似的环境，因此其定性结果存在争议，且各项评估的结果差异很大，无法直接比较。结论三种治疗方法均可改善SSD患者症状。为了客观量化干预效果，仍需进一步临床研究。

Three-dimensional bioprinting collagen/silk fibroin scaffold combined with neural stem cells promotes nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury

Many studies have shown that bio-scaffolds have important value for promoting axonal regeneration of injured spinal cord.Indeed,cell transplantation and bio-scaffold implantation are considered to be effective methods for neural regeneration.This study was designed to fabricate a type of three-dimensional collagen/silk fibroin scaffold (3D-CF) with cavities that simulate the anatomy of normal spinal cord.This scaffold allows cell growth in vitro and in vivo.To observe the effects of combined transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and 3D-CF on the repair of spinal cord injury.Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham (only laminectomy was performed),spinal cord injury (transection injury of T10 spinal cord without any transplantation),3D-CF (3D scaffold was transplanted into the local injured cavity),and 3D-CF + NSCs (3D scaffold co-cultured with NSCs was transplanted into the local injured cavity.Neuroelectrophysiology,imaging,hematoxylin-eosin staining,argentaffin staining,immunofluorescence staining,and western blot assay were performed.Apart from the sham group,neurological scores were significantly higher in the 3D-CF + NSCs group compared with other groups.Moreover,latency of the 3D-CF + NSCs group was significantly reduced,while the amplitude was significantly increased in motor evoked potential tests.The results of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging showed that both spinal cord continuity and the filling of injury cavity were the best in the 3D-CF + NSCs group.Moreover,regenerative axons were abundant and glial scarring was reduced in the 3D-CF + NSCs group compared with other groups.These results confirm that implantation of 3D-CF combined with NSCs can promote the repair of injured spinal cord.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of People’s Armed Police Force Medical Center in 2017 (approval No.2017-0007.2).

Resveratrol alleviates intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice by enhancing autophagy

BACKGROUND Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC).Recent studies have revealed that impaired autophagy is associated with intestinal mucosal dysfunction in the mucosa of colitis mice.Resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory functions by regulating autophagy.AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on protecting the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and anti-inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mice.METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups:negative control group,DSS model group,DSS+resveratrol group,and DSS+5-aminosalicylic acid group.The severity of colitis was assessed by the disease activity index,serum inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Colon tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin,and mucosal damage was evaluated by mean histological score.The expression of occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissue was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis.In addition,the expression of autophagy-related genes was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western-blot,and morphology of autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS The resveratrol treatment group showed a 1.72-fold decrease in disease activity index scores and 1.42,3.81,and 1.65-fold decrease in the production of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β,respectively,in DSS-induced colitis mice compared with DSS group(P<0.05).The expressions of the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 in DSS model group were decreased,and were increased in resveratrol-treated colitis group.Resveratrol also increased the levels of LC3B(by 1.39-fold compared with DSS group)and Beclin-1(by 1.49-fold compared with DSS group)(P<0.05),as well as the number of autophagosomes,which implies that the resveratrol may alleviate intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in DSS-induced UC mice by enhancing autophagy.CONCLUSION Resveratrol treatment decreased the expression of inflammatory factors,increased the expression of tight junction proteins and alleviated UC intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction;this effect may be achieved by enhancing autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells.

内镜全层切除术治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤的临床效果分析

目的研究内镜下全层切除术(EFTR)在治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)中的临床价值.方法回顾性分析2015年12月-2017年6月宿州市第一人民医院应用EFTR治疗的52例胃SMT的临床资料,统计手术成功率、SMT完整切除率,记录手术时间;观察患者术后有无出血、穿孔等并发症;术后内镜随访,评估患者术后创面愈合及病变残留、复发情况.结果运用EFTR成功剥离52例患者合计53枚SMT,手术时间35.0~78.0 min,平均45.2 min,手术成功率100.0%,肿瘤完整切除率100.0%,肿瘤直径大小为1.0~3.2 cm,平均1.5 cm.病灶位于贲门下23枚(43.4%),胃底17枚(32.1%),胃体10枚(18.8%),胃窦2枚(3.8%),胃角1枚(1.9%);术中2例患者发生动脉性出血(3.8%),应用热活检钳止血成功.术后随访3~6个月,所有病例创面愈合良好.术后石蜡病理诊断结果为间质瘤36枚(67.9%),平滑肌瘤15枚(28.3%),异位胰腺2枚(3.8%).术后无迟发性出血及迟发穿孔发生.52例患者术后3~6个月复查胃镜,病灶均完全消失,术后创面愈合良好,治疗有效率为100.0%(52/52).结论 EFTR治疗胃SMT是一种安全、有效的临床技术.

Early detection of noise-induced hearing loss

BACKGROUND Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)is the second most common acquired hearing loss following presbycusis.Exposure to recreational noise and minimal use of hearing protection increase the prevalence of NIHL in young females.NIHL is irreversible.Identifying minor hearing pathologies before they progress to hearing problems that affect daily life is crucial.AIM To compare the advantages and disadvantages of extended high frequency(EHF)and otoacoustic emission and determine an indicator of hearing pathologies at the early sub-clinical stage.METHODS This cross-sectional study was implemented in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May to September 2019.A total of 86 participants,aged 18-22 years,were recruited to establish normative thresholds for EHF.Another 159 adults,aged 18-25 years with normal hearing(0.25-8 kHz≤25 dBHL),were allocated to low noise and noise exposure groups.Distortion otoacoustic emission(DPOAE),transient evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE),and EHF were assessed in the two groups to determine the superior technique for detecting early-stage noise-induced pathologies.The chi-square test was used to assess the noise and low noise exposure groups with respect to extended high-frequency audiometry(EHFA),DPOAE,and TEOAE.P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS A total of 86 participants(66 females and 20 males)aged between 18 and 22(average:20.58±1.13)years were recruited to establish normative thresholds for EHF.The normative thresholds for 9,10,11.2,12.5,14,16,18,and 20 kHz were 15,10,20,15,15,20,28,and 0 dBHL,respectively.A total of 201 participants were recruited and examined for eligibility.Among them,159 adults aged between 18 and 25 years were eligible in this study.No statistical difference was detected between the noise exposure and the low noise exposure groups using EHFA,DPOAE,and TEOAE(P>0.05)except in the right ear at 4 kHz using TEOAE(abnormal rate 20.4%vs 5.2%,respectively;P=0.05).CONCLUSION These results showed TEOAE as the earliest indicator of minor pathology compared to DPOAE and EHFA.However,a multicenter controlled study or prospective study is essential to verify these results.

Amorphous iron-nickel phosphide nanocone arrays as efficient bifunctional electrodes for overall water splitting

The synthesis of low-cost and highly active electrodes for both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is very important for water splitting.In this work,the novel amorphous iron-nickel phosphide(FeP-Ni)nanocone arrays as efficient bifunctional electrodes for overall water splitting have been in-situ assembled on conductive three-dimensional(3D)Ni foam via a facile and mild liquid deposition process.It is found that the FeP-Ni electrode demonstrates highly efficient electrocatalytic performance toward overall water splitting.In 1 M KOH electrolyte,the optimal FeP-Ni electrode drives a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at overpotential of 218 mV for the OER and120 mV for the HER,and can attain such current density for 25 h without performance regression.Moreover,a two-electrode electrolyzer comprising the FeP-Ni electrodes can afford 10 mA cm^(-2) electrolysis current at a low cell voltage of 1.62 V and maintain long-term stability,as well as superior to that of the coupled RuO_(2)/NFk Pt/C/NF cell.Detailed characterizations confirm that the excellent electrocatalytic performances for water splitting are attributed to the unique 3D morphology of nanocone arrays,which could expose more surface active sites,facilitate electrolyte diffusion,and benefit charge transfer and also favorable bubble detachment behavior.Our work presents a facile and cost-effective pathway to design and develop active self-supported electrodes with novel 3D morphology for water electrolysis.

Studies on classification,criteria and control of rockbursts

This paper attempts to present the findings involving rockbursts classification, rockburst failure criteria, and related control measures. Experimental investigations were performed using the strainburst testing machine and impact-induced rockburst testing machine. According to the stress paths and experimental methods, rockbursts were classified into two major groups, i.e. the strainbursts and impact-induced bursts. The mechanisms and criteria of rockburst obtained from experimental investigations were discussed. Then, the developments of constant-resistance and large-deformation bolt （CRLDB）, which can adapt itself to the external loading at a constant resistance by elongating continually, were introduced. The deformation energy Of country rocks with large deformation can be absorbed by CRLDBs. Finally, the principles and the experimental results for control and prevention of rockburst using the CRLDBs were presented.

GCN5 Acetyltransferase Inhibits PGC1α-induced Hepatitis B Virus Biosynthesis

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） biosynthesis is primarily restricted to hepatocytes due to the governing of liver-enriched nuclear receptors （NRs） on viral RNA synthesis. The liver-enriched NR hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α （HNF4α, the key regulator of genes implicated in hepatic glucose metabolism, is also a primary determinant of HBV pregenomic RNA synthesis and HBV replication. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-r coactivator la （PGCla） coactivates and further enhances the effect of HNF4α on HBV biosynthesis. Here, we showed that the acetyltransferase General Control Non-repressed Protein 5 （GCN5） acetylated PGC 1 α, leading to alteration of PGC 1 α from a transcriptionally active state into an inactive state. As a result, the coactivation activity of PGCla on HBV transcription and replication was suppressed. Apparently, an acetylation site mutant of PGC 1 α （PGC 1 αR13） still had coactivation activity as GCN5 could not suppress the coactivation activity of the mutant. Moreover, a catalytically inactive acetyltransferase mutant GCN5m, due to the loss of acetylation activity, failed to inhibit the coactivation function of PGClα in HBV biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that GCN5, through its acetyltransferase activity, inhibits PGCla-induced enhancement of HBV transcription and replication both in vitro and in vivo.

Photocatalyst with Chloroplast-like Structure for Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Photosynthesis with the chloroplast works efficiently because of the envelope structure that serves to carry enzymes and to simultaneously maintain the spatial separation of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.Inspired by the spatially separated architecture,a chloroplast-like structured photocatalyst(PdS@CdS@MoS_(2)),in which the PdS and MoS_(2) function as enzymes in the chloroplast and CdS shell functions as the chloroplast envelope,was developed to improve the photocatalytic H_(2) evolution.In this unique nanoscale bionic structure,the poriferous CdS shell enhances light absorption,generates photoinduced carriers,and separates oxidation and reduction reactions.Meanwhile,PdS and MoS_(2) dual cocatalysts enhance the charge separation efficiency through forming a built-in electric field with CdS.We demonstrate that the separation efficiency of carriers,carrier lifetime,and the yield of H_(2) are both higher than that of CdS nanoparticles,evidencing the feasibility of the chloroplast-like structure in enhancing the photocatalyst activity.This work emphasizes the synergism of the three key processes of the photocatalytic reaction by simulating the chloroplast structure and provides a general synthesis strategy,the synthesis of novel structured for photocatalysts for diverse applications in the energy field.