Study on the Mechanism of Qingre Huoxue Prescription in the Intervention and Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Network Pharmacology

Objective:The objective is to study the mechanism of Qingre Huoxue prescription in the intervention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)based on the method of network pharmacology.Materials and Methods:Five databases were used to screen the chemical compounds and targets of Ligusticum wallichii(chuanxiong),Radix Paeoniae Rubra(chishao),Lignum acronychiae(jiangxiang),Safflower(honghua),Salvia miltiorrhiza(danshen),Scutellaria baicalensis(huangqin),and Ilex pubescens(mao dong qing)in Qingre Huoxue prescription.Furthermore,Cytoscape-V3.2.1 software was used to construct the drug-component-target network.Functional protein association networks'database and the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)were used to visualize the protein interaction,pathway enrichment,and analysis.Results:A total of 44 active ingredients were screened out in Qingre Huoxue prescription.Among them,178 targets and 41 compounds related to Qingre Huoxue prescription's function in treating AMI were obtained.After the analysis of the drug-component-action target network on Qingre Huoxue prescription,14 key compounds and nine key targets with three scores above average were obtained.In addition,pathway enrichment and biological processes were conducted with the aid of the DAVID;and 8 related pathways and 10 biological processes were associated with AMI and related diseases;the PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,and HIF-1 signaling pathway are the main pathways of Qingre Huoxue prescription for the treatment of AMI and related diseases.Conclusion:Qingre Huoxue prescription could treat AMI by multiple components,targets,and pathways.This study provides ideas and theoretical basis for further clinical studies on Qingre Huoxue prescription in treating AMI.

NMR Analysis to Identify Biuret Groups in Common Polyureas

Polyureas （PU） are well known as a class of high impact engineering materials, and widely used also in emerging advanced applications. As a general observation, most of them are only soluble in a very limited number of highly protonic solvents, which makes their chemical structure analysis a great challenge. Besides the presence of abundant hydrogen bonding, the poor solubility of PU in common organic solvents is often ascribed to the formation of biuret crosslinking in their molecular chains. To clarify the presence of biuret groups in PU has been of great interest. To this end, two samples, based on hexamethylene diisocyanate （HDI） and toluene diisocyanate （TDI） respectively, were synthesized by precipitation polymerization of each of these diisocyanates in water-acetone at 30℃. Their chemical structures were analyzed by high resolution magic angle spinning （HR-MAS） NMR, and through comparison of their NMR spectra with those of specially prepared biuret-containing polyurea oligomers, it was concluded that biuret group was absent in all the PU prepared at 30 ℃. In addition, this NMR analysis was also applied to a PU obtained by copolymerization of TDI with ethylene diamine （EDA） and water at 65 ℃ in EDA aqueous solution. It was confirmed that biuret unit was also absent in this PU and that EDA was more active than water towards TDI. The presence of EDA was crucial to the formation of uniform PU microspheres. This study provides therefore a reliable method for the analysis of PU chemical structure.