不锈钢手术器械钝化处理观察及返锈率的研究

目的为了探讨医用钝化剂与除锈剂对手术器械除锈效果及返锈率的研究,降低不锈钢手术器械的返锈率,提高器械的清洗质量,延长不锈钢手术器械的使用寿命,降低医院成本。方法挑选同等锈渍的生锈器械400件,随机分为两组,每组各200件,实验组将器械放在恒温为85 ℃的按1:7比例配置的钝化剂中30 min进行钝化处理;对照组将器械放在80 ℃下按1:7比例配制的除锈剂中浸泡10 min进行除锈处理,然后取出进行刷洗,比较两组器械除锈合格率。除锈合格的两组器械分别浸泡在0.45%Nacl溶液5 h,模拟器械的再次使用及受污染,比较两组器械返锈率。结果实验组器械除锈合格率为99.50%、对照组为98.50%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。返锈率比较:实验组为8.04%、对照组为27.92%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论钝化剂具有除锈剂同样的除锈效果,但钝化处理可降低器械的返锈率,延长器械的使用周期,降低医院采购器械的成本。

Data-Driven Discovery in Mineralogy: Recent Advances in Data Resources, Analysis, and Visualization

Large and growing data resources on the diversity, distribution, and properties of minerals are ushering in a new era of data-driven discovery in mineralogy. The most comprehensive international mineral database is the IMA database, which includes information on more than 5400 approved mineral species and their properties, and the mindat.org data source, which contains more than 1 million species/locality data on minerals found at more than 300 000 localities. Analysis and visualization of these data with diverse techniques—including chord diagrams, cluster diagrams, Klee diagrams, skyline diagrams, and varied methods of network analysis—are leading to a greater understanding of the co-evolving geosphere and biosphere. New data-driven approaches include mineral evolution, mineral ecology, and mineral network analysis—methods that collectively consider the distribution and diversity of minerals through space and time. These strategies are fostering a deeper understanding of mineral co-occurrences and, for the first time, facilitating predictions of mineral species that occur on Earth but have yet to be discovered and described.

Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Peroxide Low- Temperature Plasma Sterilization Using Different Monitoring Methods

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the application value of biological monitoring and different types of chemical indicator cards in batch monitoring of hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization.The goal is to standardize the selection of loading conditions for this sterilization method and avoid positive biological monitoring results.Methods:Physical monitoring,Class I chemical indicator card monitoring,Class IV chemical indicator card monitoring,and biological monitoring were used to monitor the hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization process.The sterilization effect on instruments inside the Johnson&Johnson 100S plasma sterilizer was monitored and the qualification of various monitoring methods was compared.Results:The comparison showed that when non-standard or adsorption-prone packaging materials were used,the interception rate of biological monitoring and Class IV chemical indicator cards was significantly higher than that of physical monitoring and Class I chemical indicator cards.These methods more intuitively and effectively detected sterilization failures.Conclusion:Biological monitoring and Class IV chemical indicator cards are safe,fast,accurate,and easy to interpret in hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization,especially for monitoring instruments inside packages.They provide a reliable basis for the release of sterilized instrument packages.Identifying the reasons for positive biological monitoring results in hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization and taking effective measures promptly can minimize associated risks.

Changes in soil fertility and microbial communities following cultivation of native grassland in Horqin Sandy Land,China:a 60-year chronosequence

Background Grassland conversion to cropland is a prevailing change of land use in traditionally nomadic areas,especially in the Mongolian Plateau.We investigated the effects of grassland conversion followed by continuous cultivation on soil properties and microbial community characteristics in Horqin Sandy Land,a typical agro-pastoral transition zone of Northern China.Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(upper 20 cm)across a 60-year cultivation chronosequence(5,15,25,35 and 60 years)and unconverted native grassland.Soil physico-chemical properties were determined and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess microbial community diversity and composition.Results Grassland cultivation resulted in changes to soil properties in both the short and longer term.Initially,it significantly increased soil bulk density(BD),electrical conductivity(EC),soil total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)concentrations,while reducing soil water content(SWC)and soil organic carbon content(SOC).Over the next 35-55 years of continuous cultivation,the trend for most of these characteristics was of reversion towards values nearer to those of native grassland,except for SOC which remained highly depleted.Cultivation of grassland substantially altered soil microbial communities at phylum level but there was no significant difference in microbialα-diversity between native grassland and any cropland.However,soil bacterial and fungal community structures at phylum level in the croplands of all cultivation years were different from those in the native grasslands.Heatmaps further revealed that bacterial and fungal structures in cropland tended to become more similar to native grassland after 15 and 25 years of cultivation,respectively.Redundancy analysis indicated that SOC,EC and BD were primary determinants of microbial community composition and diversity.Conclusions These findings suggest that agricultural cultivation of grassland has considerable effects on soil fertility and microbial characteristics of Horqin Sandy Land.Intensive high-yield forage grass production is proposed as an alternative to avoid further native grassland reclamation,while meeting the grazing development needs in the ethnic minority settlements of eco-fragile regions.