Optimization Scheme of Large Passenger Flow in Huoying Station,Line 13 of Beijing Subway System

This paper focuses on the distribution of passenger flow in Huoying Station,Line 13 of Beijing subway system.The transformation measures taken by Line 13 since operation are firstly summarized.Then the authors elaborate the facilities and equipment of this station,especially the node layout and passenger flow field.An optimization scheme is proposed to rapidly distribute the passenger flow in Huoying Station by adjusting the operation time of the escalator in the direction of Xizhimen.The authors adopt Queuing theory and Anylogic simulation software to simulate the original and the optimized schemes of Huoying Station to distribute the passenger flow.The results of the simulation indicate that the optimized scheme could effectively alleviate the traffic congestion in the hall of Huoying Station,and the pedestrian density in other places of the hall is lowered;passengers could move freely in the hall and no new congestion points would form.The rationality of the scheme is thus proved.

A G proteinγsubunit regulates crop alkaline sensitivity by modulating H_(2)O_(2)transporter PIP2s

According to the research by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(http://www.fao.org/3/i5199e/i5199e.pdf),>1 billion hectares of land are affected by saline-alkaline conditions,which severely affects plant growth and crop yield,posing great threats to global food security and ecosystems.Saline-alkaline land can be classified into three different types—salinity,alkalinity,and alkaline-salinity,depending on the salt components in the soil.To date,the mechanism of plant tolerance to salt stress has been extensively studied,while the understanding of the plant alkaline stress response is still very preliminary,which impedes the breeding of salt–alkali-tolerant crops by using modern molecular breeding techniques.

ESCRT-I Component VPS23A Affects ABA Signaling by Recognizing ABA Receptors for Endosomal Degradation

受体在过去的十年在植物科学成为了很重要的进展之一的 PYR/PYL/RCAR-type abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 的最近的发现。在哺乳动物，排序的 endosomal 充当一条重要小径到 downregulate 受体的不同类型，而是它在植物荷尔蒙发信号的角色糟糕被理解。这里，我们报导那 ubiquitin 象 E2 一样蛋白质， VPS23A，是 ESCRT-I 的一个关键部件，否定地调整骆驼毛的织物发信号。VPS23A 与 PYR/PYL/RCAR-type 骆驼毛的织物受体和提高的 VPS23A 的混乱有 epistatic 关系在在骆驼毛的织物处理下面表明小径的 ABA 的关键 kinase OST1 的活动。而且， VPS23A 与 PYR1/PYLs 交往，连接 K63 的 diubiquitin，和 PYL4 在 vivo 拥有连接 K63 的 ubiquitinated 修正。进一步的分析表明 VPS23A 影响 PYR1 和 PYL4 的稳定性的 subcellular 本地化。一起拿，我们的结果建议 VPS23A 经由调停液泡的降级影响 PYR1/PYL4，提供两个的先进理解在植物荷尔蒙发信号的骆驼毛的织物受体和 ESCRT 的周转。

LJbiquitin--Proteasome System in ABA Signaling： From Perception to Action

由 ubiquitination 的蛋白质 translational 以后修正(PTM ) 在工厂生长，开发，和压力回答的许多方面期间被观察了。ubiquitin-proteasome 系统精确调整植物激素由影响蛋白质活动，本地化，汇编，和相互作用能力发信号。Abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 是主要植物激素，并且在正常或强调的生长条件下面在植物起重要作用。表明小径的骆驼毛的织物由磷酸酶， kinases，抄写因素，和膜离子隧道组成。多重骆驼毛的织物发信号变换器被 ubiquitination 受到规定，这被报导了。特别地，最近的研究识别了 E3 ligases 的不同类型调停在不同房间分隔空间的骆驼毛的织物受体的 ubiquitination。这评论由发生在血浆膜的 monoubiquitination 或 polyubiquitination 集中于这些部件的调整， endomembranes，并且从 cytosol 到原子核；这暗示存在后退并且被 ubiquitination 在骆驼毛的织物发信号调整的 trafficking 过程。很多单个单位的 E3 ligases，多子单元 E3 ligases 的部件， E2s，和涉及骆驼毛的织物信号规定的 26S proteasome 的特定的子单元被讨论。把在 ABA 小径的 ubiquitination 的精确功能可以帮助我们在发信号 ubiquitination 和 PTM 的另外的类型调整的另外的植物激素理解关键因素。

ESCRT-I Component VPS23A Sustains Salt Tolerance by Strengthening the SOS Module in Arabidopsis

The Salt-Overly-Sensitive(SOS)signaling module,comprising the sodium-transport protein SOS1 and the regulatory proteins SOS2 and SOS3,is well known as the central salt excretion system,which helps protect plants against salt stress.Here we report that VPS23A,a component of the ESCRT(endosomal sorting complex required for transport),plays an essential role in the function of the SOS module in conferring plant salt tolerance.VPS23A enhances the interaction of SOS2 and SOS3.In the presence of salt stress,VPS23A positively regulates the redistribution of SOS2 to the plasma membrane,which then activates the antiporter activity of SOS1 to reduce Na+accumulation in plant cells.Genetic evidence demonstrated that plant salt tolerance achieved by the overexpression of SOS2 and SOS3 dependeds on VPS23A.Taken together,our results revealed that VPS23A is a crucial regulator of the SOS module and affects the localization of SOS2 to the cell membrane.Moreover,the strong salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings conferred by the engineered membrane-bound SOS2 revealed the significance of SOS2 sorting to the cell membrane in achieving its function,providing a potential strategy for crop salt tolerance engineering.

ESCRT-I Component VPS23A Is Targeted by E3 Ubiquitin Ligase XBAT35 for Proteasome-Mediated Degradation in Modulating ABA Signaling

A myriad of abiotic stress responses in plants are controlled by abscisic acid(ABA)signaling.ABA receptors can be degraded by both the 26S proteasome pathway and vacuolar degradation pathway after processing via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport(ESCRT)proteins.Despite being essential for ABA signaling,the upstream regulators of ESCRTs remain unknown.Here,we report that the ESCRT-I component VPS23A is an unstable protein that is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS).The UEV domain of VPS23A physically interacts with the two PSAP motifs of XBAT35,an E3 ubiquitin ligase,and this interaction results in the deposition of K48 polyubiquitin chains on VPS23A,marking it for degradation by 26S proteasomes.We showed that XBAT35 in plants is a positive regulator of ABA responses that acts via the VPS23A/PYL4 complex,specifically by accelerating VPS23A turnover and thereby increasing accumulation of the ABA receptor PYL4.This work deciphers how an ESCRT component is regulated in plants and deepens our understanding of plant stress responses by illustrating a mechanism whereby crosstalk between the UPS and endosome-vacuole-mediated degradation pathways controls ABA signaling.

Creation of fragrant sorghum by CRISPR/Cas9

Sorghum,the fifth largest cereal crop,has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing.Due to its high biomass and quality,it is also used as the second most planted silage resource.No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market.Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Sb BADH2,we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves.Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable.We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.

UBA domain protein SUF1 interacts with NatA-complex subunit NAA15 to regulate thermotolerance in Arabidopsis

During recovery from heat stress,plants clear away the heat-stress-induced misfolded proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS).In the UPS,the recognition of substrate proteins by E3 ligase can be regulated by the N-terminal acetyltransferase A(NatA)complex.Here,we determined that Arabidopsis STRESS-RELATED UBIQUITIN-ASSOCIATED-DOMAIN PROTEIN FACTOR 1(SUF1)interacts with the NatA complex core subunit NAA15 and positively regulates NAA15.The suf1 and naa15 mutants are sensitive to heat stress;the NatA substrate NSNC1 is stabilized in suf1 mutant plants during heat stress recovery.Therefore,SUF1 and its interactor NAA15 play important roles in basal thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.