Thermal comfort in a building with Trombe wall integrated with phase change materials in hot summer and cold winter region without air conditioning

Trombe wall and phase change materials(PCMs)are two effective ways to regulate indoor thermal comfort.However,Trombe wall surfers from overheating in summer and PCMs suffer from low heat transfer rate caused by the limited thermal conductivity.To compensate the shortcomings of the two methods,this paper proposed a Trombe wall system integrated with PCMs.Based on a light-weight building envelope in Changsha,China,the thermal comfort of 10 kinds of Trombe wall systems with PCMs with a melting temperature of 18-28℃ were studied.Taking the integrated indoor discomfort duration(I_(D)),integrated indoor discomfort degree-hour(I_(DH)),indoor air temperature(T_(in)),PCM liquid fraction(γ)and heat flux across wall(q)as evaluation indexes,the indoor thermal comfort was assessed in hot summer and cold winter region.Results show that the Trombe wall helped PCMs complete the phase change process effectively.Trombe wall with PCM25 next to the wall inner surface possessed the lowest annual I_(D) and I_(DH),as 2877 h and 12,974℃·h,respectively.Compared with the values in a traditional building,the I_(D) and I_(DH) were reduced by 7.01% and 14.14%.In order to give full play to the heat storage and heat release of the Trombe wall with PCMs,PCMs with phase change temperature 7℃ lower than the peak ambient temperature in summer or 8℃ higher than the winter night temperature was recommended according to regional climate conditions.

High prevalence of contact hypersensitivity to metals and preservatives in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis(AD)is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound pruritus.Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases.111 Allergy to air allergens and food allergens was regarded as an important feature of AD.There have been few studies for contact sensitization in patients with AD.The question remains if patch testing to a greater extent should be used as a screening tool in AD patients,to exclude hidden allergies possibly maintaining or aggravating their skin symptoms.In this study,w e compared patch test results between patients with AD and non-AD patients including patients with facial dermatitis,eczema,psoriasis,pruritus and urticaria,and including some healthy population.

Spatiotemporal influences of land use/cover changes on the heat island effect in rapid urbanization area

Rapid urban sprawl and growth led to substantial urban thermal environment changes and influenced the local climate, environment, and quality of life of residents. Taking the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration in China as a case, this study firstly identified the spatiotemporal patterns of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and the land use/cover changes (LUCC) based on multi-temporal Landsat TM satellite data over 21 years, and then investigated the relationship between LUCC and SUHII by methods of logistic regression model and centroid shift analysis. The results showed that green spaces (e.g., cropland, forestland) of 899.13 km2 had been converted to built-up land during the 1994—2015 period, which caused significant urban expansion. The SUHII was the highest for built-up land, high for unused land, low for cropland and grassland, and the lowest for forestland and open water. Many areas experienced extensive rapid urbanization because of the emergence of the urban agglomeration, which resulted in the loss of green spaces and increased SUHI effects over the 21-year study period. In addition, the results of centroid shift analysis found that the growth of SUHII and the expansion of high SUHII areas are closely related to the expansion of an existing urban area in Xiangtan, while the increases of building density and height in Changsha resulted in the decrease of SUHII and spatiotemporal change of high SUHII areas. The analysis of the effects of land use/cover types on the SUHII in this study will contribute to future urban land use allocation for the mitigation of SUHI formation.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Complicated on Postoperation on Renal Carcinoma and Meningioma

To the Editor：Guillain-Barre syndrome （GBS） is an autoimmune disease on the injury of peripheral nerve myelin proteins or axon,of which the acute motor axonal neuropathy （AMAN） as a subtype is of infrequent and an extremely low incidence after the operation.One case was reported on the successful treatment of severe GBS （AMAN） on postoperation of renal carcinoma and meningioma,aiming to provide successful treatment experience in such severe cases.

CuBr-promoted domino Biginelli reaction for the diastereoselective synthesis of bridged polyheterocycles:Mechanism studies and in vitro anti-tumor activities

The low-cost CuBr-promoted domino Biginelli reaction among readily available ketones,salicylaldehyde derivatives and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole was studied under solvothermal conditions,giving the novel bridged polyheterocycles bearing two or three stereocenters depending on the starting ketones.This multicomponent reaction proceeded with high diastereoselectivity(dr>20:1)based on a combined~1 H NMR,crystallographic and supercritical fluid chromatographic(SFC)analysis of the product.Time-dependent high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)was performed to track the reaction process,and several key intermediates were identified,leading to the drawing of a plausible reaction mechanism.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation was supplemented,and two reaction pathways were differentiated.Moreover,in vitro antitumor activity was evaluated using HeLa and HepG2 cell lines,and two of these polyheterocycles demonstrated promising activities against HepG2 cells with EC50 down to 10μmol/L.Additionally,ESI-MS/MS studies on all the polyheterocycles suggest a common fragmentation pathway(loss of one molecule of amino-triazole)they shared,providing the first-hand fragmentation rules for future rapid structural identification of them.The multicomponent domino reaction presented here may offer prospects for future design of more efficient strategies to access medicinally important bridged polyheterocycles.

A Case of Orf Identified by Transmission Electron Microscopy

To the Editor： A 20-year-old woman complained of two painful pruritic lesions on her left index finger. She had been bitten by a lamb on her index finger a month earlier; the lamb died 2 days later. Five days after having been bitten, she noticed two papules on her left index finger that enlarged gradually. Physical examination revealed two indurated nodules 8-mm and 10-mm in diameter, each with central umbilication and surrounded by a reddish halo [Figure i a]. The patient had no fever, respiratory symptoms, or lymphadenopathy. The informed consent was written.

Particulate matter 2.5 induced hyperpigmentation in reconstructed human epidermis model(MelaKutis®)

To the Editor:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that fine particulate matter(PM2.5)is related to skin hyperpigmentation,but experimental evidence is lacking.[1]Here,we used normal human epidermal keratinocytes(NHEKs),melanocytes(NHEMs),and reconstructed human epidermis models(MelaKutis®)to investigate the impact of PM2.5 on skin melanogenesis.MelaKutis®is a 3D skin model with a stratified structure,which is composed of human keratinocytes and melanocytes.Its structure and metabolic features are highly similar to those of the natural human skin.Moreover,external factors can stimulate the melanocytes located in the basal layer to produce melanin,resulting in hyperpigmentation.In our study,to simulate the effect of PM2.5 on human skin,we utilized PM2.5 collected in Beijing,China.Zhang et al[2]previously analyzed the components of PM2.5(collected in Beijing)and revealed that benzo[a]pyrene(BAP)was one of the most abundant and toxic components of PM2.5.Thus,we chose BAP as positive control.

Fine particulate matter 2.5 upregulates melanogenesis in A375 human melanoma cells

To the Editor:Epidemiological studies have shown that fine particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)exposure increases the risk of skin hyperpigmentation.[1]recent'study proved that PM2.5 could induce melanogenesis by regulating tyrosinase(TYR),and tyrosinase-relatedproteini(TYRP1)and 2(TYRP2)expression via aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activation.

Henna Tattoo： Temporary or Permanent？

To the Editor： Henna tattoo has become popular and is increasingly reported as a cause of allergic skin reactions. Three cases of contact dermatitis caused by henna tattoos in China have been described.