Selective separation and enrichment of proteins in aqueous two-phase extraction system

A simple aqueous two-phase extraction system （ATPS） of PEG/phosphate was proposed for selective separation and enrichment of proteins. The combination of ATPE with HPLC was applied to identify the partition of proteins in two phases. Five proteins （bovine serum albumin, Cytochrome C, lysozyme, myoglobin, and trypsin） were used as model proteins to study the effect of phosphate concentration and pH on proteins partition. The PEG/phosphate system was firstly applied to real human saliva and plasma samples, some proteins showed obviously different partition in two phases. The primary results manifest the selective separation and enrichment of proteins in ATPS provided the potential for high abundance proteins depletion in proteomics. ~ 2009 Feng Qu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Study on Data Acquisition and Storage Based on FPGA in Carrier-based Photoelectric Warning System

In order to capture and storage video data real-time for carrier-based photoelectric warning system, An acquisition and storage system based on FPGA is designed. To complete the asynchronous interface timing of the camera and the storage system, the video data which come from infrared camera and visible light camera is stored to FIFO by FPGA, and then four SDRAM as cache and ping-pong operation cache-data storage to the CF card, this structure not only takes advantage of high-speed reading and writing skills of CF card, but also to ensure the integrity of the video data. In the final experiment proved that the system can be effectively applied to ships the photoelectric warning scanning system, its performance fully meet the needs of practical application.

稀盐酸预处理结合高压射流方法制备微纤化纤维素的研究

应用稀盐酸预处理结合高压射流超微粉碎方法开展微纤化纤维素制备的实验研究,检测了产物的微观形态、粒径分布、结晶度、热稳定性以及薄膜样品的拉伸性能。实验结果表明,经过稀盐酸预处理和高压射流超微粉碎处理,纤维素微纤束直径从几至几十微米下降至几十至几百纳米,微纤束长度约从百微米级降至微米级;经6%HCL预处理和高压射流处理(130 MPa,1次),样品粒径指标D50从93μm降为14μm。纤维素原样经HCL和高压射流处理后结晶度小幅减小和热稳定性基本保持不变,薄膜样品的拉伸性能极大提高,以6%HCL结合高压射流(130 MPa,4次)处理获得的薄膜样品拉伸性能最优,其拉伸强度平均为20.41 MPa,断裂伸长率平均为7.93%,弹性模量平均为322 MPa。

Relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and hamstring flexibility and strength

Background:Hamstring muscle strain injury(hamstring injury) due to excessive muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in sports.The relationships among hamstring muscle optimal lengths and hamstring flexibility and strength were unknown,which limited our understanding of risk factors for hamstring injury.This study was aimed at examining the relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and flexibility and strength.Methods:Hamstring flexibility and isokinetic strength data and three-dimensional kinematic data for hamstring isokinetic tests were collected for11 male and 10 female recreational athletes.The maximal hamstring muscle forces,optimal lengths,and muscle lengths in standing were determined for each participant.Results:Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were significantly correlated to hamstring flexibility score and gender,but not to hamstring strength.The greater the flexibility score,the longer the hamstring muscle optimal length.With the same flexibility score,females tend to have shorter hamstring optimal muscle lengths compared to males.Hamstring flexibility score and hamstring strength were not correlated.Hamstring muscle optimal lengths were longer than but not significantly correlated to corresponding hamstring muscle lengths in standing.Conclusion:Hamstring flexibility may affect hamstring muscle maximum strain in movements.With similar hamstring flexibility,hamstring muscle maximal strain in a given movement may be different between genders.Hamstring muscle lengths in standing should not be used as an approximation of their optimal lengths in calculation of hamstring muscle strain in musculoskeletal system modeling.

The effect of hamstring flexibility on peak hamstring muscle strain in sprinting

Background:The effect of hamstring flexibility on the peak hamstring muscle strains in sprinting,until now,remained unknown,which limited our understanding of risk factors of hamstring muscle strain injury(hamstring injury).As a continuation of our previous study,this study was aimed to examine the relationship between hamstring flexibility and peak hamstring muscle strains in sprinting.Methods:Ten male and 10 female college students participated in this study.Hamstring flexibility,isokinetic strength data,three-dimensional(3D)kinematic data in a hamstring isokinetic test,and kinematic data in a sprinting test were collected for each participant.The optimal hamstring muscle lengths and peak hamstring muscle strains in sprinting were determined for each participant.Results:The muscle strain of each of the 3 biarticulated hamstring muscles reached a peak during the late swing phase.Peak hamstring muscle strains were negatively correlated to hamstring flexibility(0.1179 ≤ R2≤ 0.4519,p = 0.001) but not to hip and knee joint positions at the time of peak hamstring muscle strains.Peak hamstring muscle strains were not different for different genders.Peak muscle strains of biceps long head(0.071 ± 0.059) and semitendinosus(0.070 ± 0.055) were significantly greater than that of semimembranosus(0.064 ± 0.054).Conclusion:A potential for hamstring injury exists during the late swing phase of sprinting.Peak hamstring muscle strains in sprinting are negatively correlated to hamstring flexibility across individuals.The magnitude of peak muscle strains is different among hamstring muscles in sprinting,which may explain the different injury rate among hamstring muscles.

Serum vitamin D_3 does not correlate with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C

AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D3 levels and liver fibrosis or inflammation in treatment-naive Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC).METHODS: From July 2010 to June 2011, we enrolled 122 CHC patients and 11 healthy controls from Dingxicity, Gansu Province, China. The patients were infected with Hepatitis C virus(HCV) during blood cell retransfusion following plasma donation in 1992-1995, and had never received antiviral treatment. At present, all the patients except two underwent liver biopsy with ultrasound guidance. The Scheuer Scoring System was used to evaluate hepatic inflammation and the Metavir Scoring System was used to evaluate hepatic fibrosis. Twelve-hour overnight fasting blood samples were collected in the morning of the day of biopsy. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholineste rase, prothrom binactivity, albumin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, hemoglobin, calcium and phosphorus were determined. Serum HCV RNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.R E S U LT S : Serumlevels of 2 5(OH) D3 but not 24,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in CHC patients than in control subjects. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels did not correlate with liver fibrosis, inflammation, patient age, or levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, prothrombin activity, cholinesterase or HCV RNA. However, serum 25(OH)D3 levels did correlate with serum 24,25(OH)2D3 levels. Serum 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 levels, and the 25(OH)D3/24,25(OH)2D3 ratio, have no difference among the fibrosis stages or inflammation grades.CONCLUSION: We found that serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and its degradation metabolite 24,25(OH)2D3 did not correlate with liver fibrosis in treatment-naive Chinese patient with CHC.

高压射流流道结构对纤维素微细化的影响

采用计算流体动力学方法研究相同操作压力下不同阀体结构内的压降和速度分布差异,并结合不同阀体结构微细化膳食纤维单一组分纤维素的粒径变化,研究流道结构对纤维素微细化处理的影响。结果表明,纤维素水分散液质量浓度越小,单阀的微细化效果越好;而纤维素水分散液质量浓度(≤2%)对组阀处理的微细化效果无明显影响;阀体结构对微细化效果的影响取决于流道内是否形成大区域和大幅度的流速变化。

Chloride-binding capacity of mortars composed of marine sand subjected to external chloride penetration

In order to explore the interactional relations of internal chloride and external chloride-binding amongst the cementitious materials,the chloride-binding capacity of mortars composed of marine sand(MS)or washed marine sand(WMS)were investigated.Results indicate that more external chloride can penetrate and diff use more deeply into the WMS mortar than that in the MS mortar.This phenomenon suggests that the external chloride migration resistance due to WMS is lower than that caused by MS.The distribution trends of the bound chloride content in the two types of mortars are the same at diff erent immersion times.However,a signifi cantly decreased area of the bound chloride content exists at the border of the external penetration area(EPA)and the external unaff ected area(EUA)at the immersion ages of 3 and 7 d,and then it disappears gradually with immersion time.The WMS mortar can bind more external chloride,whereas the MS mortar can bind more internal chloride,at diff erent immersion times.The distributions of bound chloride conversion rate in the EPAs of the two types of mortars diff er across immersion times.The distribution fi rstly decreases,and then it increases at the immersion ages of 3 and 7 d.The distribution was from increase,then decreases,and increase again at the immersion ages of 28 and 56 d.The bound chloride conversion rate in the WMS mortar is aff ected more greatly by external chloride penetration than that in the MS mortar.The amounts of the Friedel’s salt tend to increase with prolonged immersion time.Finally,the penetration of external chloride can increase the amount of fi ne capillary pores smaller than 100 nm in the WMSmortar exposed for 56 d in the chloride salt solution(WMS-E)specimen.

Rare cavernous lymphangioma of the bladder in an adult female: treatment and review of the literature

Objective： Lymphangioma is a benign tumor representing a congenital malformation of the lymphatic channels. The cavernous lymphangioma of the bladder did not report before. Here we report 1 case of cavernous lymphangioma of the bladder in an adult female and review the literature in order to accumulate the experience of diagnosis and treatment for these diseases. Methods： In our case a 50-year-old woman presented with irritative voiding symptoms and had painless macroscopic hematuria at times. Cystoscopy showed a non-papillary tumor at apex vesicae and mucous membrane hyperaemia between the two orifices within the trigone. The pathologic diagnosis was cystitis glandularis with hyperplasia of urothelium and cavernous lymphangioma in lamina propria. Transurethral resection was performed and then bleomycin A5 was injected into lesion multipoint applying ureteral catheter with puncture needle. Results： Two months after operation the irritative voiding symptoms improved and the urine analysis was normal. Cystoscopy showed no residual tumor. Bleomycin A5 was injected into the lesion area again just like the operation before. All symptoms disappeared completely when the patient was examined a month later. There was no side effect after injection and no recurrence during the follow-up of 1 year. Conclusion： Lymphangioma of the bladder can be diagnosed exactly by cystoscopy and pathological examination. Surgery may be the best treatment. The bleomycin A5 intralesional sclerosant is also an effective therapy for the disease after surgical removal.

Image Fusion Real-time System Based on FPGA and Multi-DSP

In order to solve complex algorithm that is difficult to achieve real-time processing of Multiband image fusion within large amount of data, a real-time image fusion system based on FPGA and multi-DSP is designed. Five-band image acquisition, image registration, image fusion and display output can be done within the system which uses FPGA as the main processor and the other three DSP as an algorithm processor. Making full use of Flexible and high-speed characteristics of FPGA, while an image fusion algorithm based on multi-wavelet transform is optimized and applied to the system. The final experimental results show that the frame rate of 15 Hz, with a resolution of 1392 × 1040 of the five-band image can be used by the system to complete processing within 41ms.

Arthroscopic Patelloplasty and Circumpatellar Denervation for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis

Background：Patellofemoral osteoarthritis commonly occurs in older people,often resulting in anterior knee pain and severely reduced quality of life.The aim was to examine the effectiveness of arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation for the treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis （PFOA）.Methods：A total of 156 PFOA patients （62 males,94 females; ages 45-81 years,mean 66 years） treated in our department between September 2012 and March 2013 were involved in this study.Clinical manifestations included recurrent swelling and pain in the knee joint and aggravated pain upon ascending/descending stairs,squatting down,or standing up.PFOA was treated with arthroscopic patelloplasty and circumpatellar denervation.The therapeutic effects before and after surgery were statistically evaluated using Lysholm and Kujala scores.The therapeutic effects were graded by classification of the degree of cartilage defect.Results：A total of 149 cases were successfully followed up for 14.8 months,on average.The incisions healed well,and no complications occurred.After surgery,the average Lysholm score improved from 73.29 to 80.93,and the average Kujala score improved from 68.34 to 76.48.This procedure was highly effective for patients with cartilage defects Ⅰ-Ⅲ but not for patients with cartilage defect Ⅳ.Conclusions：For PFOA patients,this procedure is effective for significantly relieving anterior knee pain,improving knee joint function and quality of life,and deferring arthritic progression.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2-against aptamer with high neutralization activity by blocking the RBD domain of spike protein 1

Dear Editor,The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)poses a great threat to the public health of people and the normal economic and social development around the world.As of January 8,2021,more than 88 million people were infected with SARS-CoV-2,resulting in more than 1.9 million death.

Analysis of moisture and total sugar content of Huizao based on surface images

Moisture and total sugar content are two important internal qualities of Huizao.In order to explore their correlation with external qualities,a novel method of moisture and total sugar content analysis was proposed based on surface images.Firstly,five geometric features and seven texture features of Huizao were obtained to be the external quality indexes by digital image processing technology.Secondly,the wrinkle degree as an important index was extracted by marked watershed segmentation algorithm.According to the external quality the Huizao samples were grouped,and the moisture and total sugar content were determined through physical and chemical methods.Lastly,the moisture and total sugar content and twelve external indexes were all processed by step discriminatory analysis.Meanwhile,the regression models of moisture content with short diameter,contrast,and wrinkle degree and total sugar with wrinkle degree were established.The coefficients of the model were 0.9992 and 0.9978 respectively,and all the significance was less than 0.01,which show that the regression equation and regression coefficient effect are highly significant.The results indicate that the moisture and total sugar content of Huizao are greatly correlated with the wrinkle degree.The moisture and total sugar content are the highest when the wrinkle degree is at 2 to 3 grade,and they decrease gradually with the wrinkle degree increasing.Moisture content shows positive correlation with the size of Huizao.The results of model analysis agree well with the experimental results,which can provide valuable reference for improving Huizao grade diversity.

Shock-stable flux scheme for predicting aerodynamic heating load of hypersonic airliners

In the design of a hypersonic airliner that can considerably shorten the flight time, how to accurately predict the vehicle's aerodynamic heating loads is of great significance. In this study, a new shock-stable flux scheme called the simple low dissipation advection upwind splitting method(SLAU)-M1 is proposed for the prediction of hypersonic aerodynamic heating load. Based on the construction of the SLAU scheme for low-speed simulations, SLAU-M1 improves the robustness of the mass flux against shock instability. After validating the code employed, several numerical test cases are conducted. The onedimensional(1D) sod shock tube case and the two-dimensional(2D) inviscid NACA0012 airfoil case show that SLAU-M1 features a high level of accuracy at both low and high speeds. To simulate the hypersonic viscous flow over a blunt cone, we adopt different aspect ratios(ARs) of cells near the shock. The results suggest that SLAU-M1 is much less sensitive to the AR of cells near the shock in predicting hypersonic aerodynamic heating loads. Moreover, the findings show that the theoretical value is considerably better than that of the other schemes. The hypersonic viscous flow over a 2D double ellipsoid case and that over the Hypersonic Flight Experiment vehicle case also indicate that SLAU-M1 exhibits a considerably high level of accuracy in hypersonic heating predictions. These properties suggest that SLAU-M1 promises to be widely used in the accurate prediction of the aerodynamic heating loads of hypersonic airliners.

A hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver to couple self-similar method with MULTV method for complex flows

Since proposed,the self-similarity variables based genuinely multidimensional Riemann solver is attracting more attentions due to its high resolution in multidimensional complex flows.However,it needs numerous logical operations in supersonic cases,which limit the method’s applicability in engineering problems greatly.In order to overcome this defect,a hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver,called HMTHS(Hybrid of MulTv and multidimensional HLL scheme based on Self-similar structures),is proposed.It simulates the strongly interacting zone by adopting the MHLLES(Multidimensional Harten-Lax-van Leer-Eifeldt scheme based on Self-similar structures)scheme at subsonic speeds,which is with a high resolution by considering the second moment in the similarity variables.Also,it adopts the MULTV(Multidimensional Toro and Vasquez)scheme,which is with a high resolution in capturing discontinuities,to simulate the flux at supersonic speeds.Systematic numerical experiments,including both one-dimensional cases and twodimensional cases,are conducted.One-dimensional moving contact discontinuity case and sod shock tube case suggest that HMTHS can accurately capture one-dimensional expansion waves,shock waves,and linear contact discontinuities.Two-dimensional cases,such as the double Mach reflection case,the supersonic shock/boundary layer interaction case,the hypersonic flow over the cylinder case,and the hypersonic viscous flow over the double-ellipsoid case,indicate that the HMTHS scheme is with a high resolution in simulating multidimensional complex flows.Therefore,it is promising to be widely applied in both scholar and engineering areas.

Preliminary study on heat flux measurement data of TT-0 flight test

With the explosive development of aerospace science,the design of the new generation airliner at higher speeds is attracting more attentions.To achieve this goal,it is necessary to achieve accurate prediction of the aerodynamic heating/force loads and successful reduction of drag and heat flux.As a remedy for the existing studies which are based upon the CFD and wind tunnel tests,this study presents a flight test for the drag and heat reduction spike technology.The principal goals of this flight test were to provide reference for verifying the accuracy of the prediction technology on ground and promote the development of the drag and heat reduction technology.By adopting the OS-X rocket,the TT-0 test vehicle designed by Shenyang Aircraft Design&Research Institute reached a maximum Mach number of 5.8 and a maximum altitude of 38 km.Hypersonic and supersonic pressure data by pressure scanning valves and heat fluxes by gauges at different locations were obtained successfully.Also,heat fluxes obtained by in-house CFD code are illustrated in comparison with the flight data.The results indicate that the numerical errors are large in most cases.More technologies,such as more CFD codes and more numerical procedures,should be adopted to conduct studies on this issue in the future.

Pressure controllable aptamers picking strategy by targets competition

Selection of aptamers with high affinity and good specificity requires multiple rounds of alternating steps of separation and PCR amplification.Herein,we proposed a novel high-efficiency aptamers picking strategy:One-round pressure controllable selection(OPCS).OPCS integrates four types of screening superiority,high-efficiency separation,one-round selection and PCR amplification,synchronous negative selection and targets competition.The controllable screening pressure can be achieved through two approaches,balanced competition by the regulation of protein concentration,and dominant competition by introducing a predatory protein with high concentration.In OPCS process,two proteins were co-incubated with one ssDNA library,and each protein bound its favorable sequences specifically and formed protein-ss D NA complex re spectively.Meanwhile,one protein could supply/sufferthe picking pressure of affinity and specificity to/from another,which eliminated weakly bound or unbound sequences for each other.Two complexes could be separated and collected conveniently,and aptamers for two proteins obtained synchronously with high affinity and good specificity.This strategy not only provides a more effective way for aptamers selection,but shows great potential in other ligands or drugs selection.

In memory of Professor Biao Ding(1960–2015)

It is with profound sadness that we mourn the loss of Dr. Biao Ding, a full-professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University （OSU）, and a world-renowned plant biologist with leading authority in viroid research. He died suddenly on June 26, 2015 in Prague, Czech Republic, while attending the international Conference on Viroids and Viroid-Like RNAs as a Keynote Speaker. Dr. Ding was born in 196., in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. He received his B.S. from Beijing Forestry University in 1982, and was then selected as one of the first group of outstanding young students to study abroad since the imolementation of China＇s Reform and Open Policy.