Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagneticallyinduced transparency(EIT)Autler–Townes(AT)splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave(MW)electric field.In addition to the two zero-crossing points interval△f_(zeros),the dispersion signal has two positive maxima with an interval defined as the shoulder interval△f_(sho),which is theoretically expected to be used to measure a much weaker MW electric field.The relationship of the MW field strength E_(MW)and△f_(sho)is experimentally studied at the MW frequencies of 31.6 GHz and 9.2 GHz respectively.The results show that△f_(sho)can be used to characterize the much weaker E_(MW)than that of△f_(zeros)and the traditional EIT–AT splitting interval△f_(m);the minimum E_(MW)measured by△f_(sho)is about 30 times smaller than that by△f_(m).As an example,the minimum E_(MW)at 9.2 GHz that can be characterized by△f_(sho)is 0.056 mV/cm,which is the minimum value characterized by the frequency interval using a vapor cell without adding any auxiliary fields.The proposed method can improve the weak limit and sensitivity of E_(MW)measured by the spectral frequency interval,which is important in the direct measurement of weak E_(MW).

A New Species of the Genus Liurana(Anura:Ceratobatrachidae)from Medog,China

A new species of the genus Liurana is described from Medog,Xizang,China,based on morphological and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial gene COI indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.In addition,the uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.alpina,was 9.6%-9.8%for COI.The new species,Liurana namchabarwa sp.nov.Yu,Lin,Wang,Jiang and Xie,could be distinguished from its congeners by following characters:(1)relatively large body size in this genus,SVL=21.2-23.1 mm in adult males(n=3);(2)relatively narrow head(HL/HW=100.5%-104.8%(n=3));(3)digital disc not expanded;(4)relatively long hindlimbs,with tibiotarsal articulation reaching tip of snout when adpressed.

基于改良Pan-Tompkins算法的心磁R波定位方法

针对传统的心电图检查对心脏区域结构不敏感性以及心磁检测中多周期R峰难以定位的问题,该文提出一种改进的Pan-Tompkins算法,旨在精确定位R波并分析心磁信号。通过对心磁信号和心电信号进行预处理,并运用Savitz⁃ky-Golay滤波器和LOF算法处理信号及检测异常点,该方法可高精度识别R波位置。利用有限元模型逆问题求解方法,推测心脏内电流密度分布,进而获取磁场图和伪电流密度矢量图。在30个样本共计7348个心动周期中,改进的Pan-Tomp⁃kins算法成功识别7321个R波,准确率高达99.63%。该方法可应用于MCG的R波识别和心磁病理分析,对于研究心脏电活动的时空演化规律和机制具有重要意义。

铜和金硫代硫酸盐在活性炭上的吸附机理

研究活性炭对铜和金硫代硫酸盐的吸附机理。铜和金硫代硫酸盐在活性炭上的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学模型。活性炭对铜硫代硫酸盐的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,而对金硫代硫酸盐的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。负载活性炭的键合特性分析表明,活性炭对铜和金的吸附机理不同。在实验条件下,活性炭对铜的吸附量达到79.04 mg/g,比金的吸附量高出约2个数量级。这意味着由于金的吸附量低以及铜和硫代硫酸盐的竞争吸附,用活性炭从硫代硫酸盐浸出液中回收金将面临很大的挑战。

基于迈斯纳效应的二阶梯度计不平衡度调节方法

基于超导量子干涉器的磁场梯度计可在无磁屏蔽的噪声环境中测得高信噪比信号,可检测pT量级的心脏磁场。通过推导超导环与二阶梯度计天线的互感耦合关系,建立三维静磁场仿真模型,模拟得出超导环对梯度计不平衡度的调节范围为-0.73~0.78。平衡后的梯度计可有效抑制0.031 Hz~10 Hz频率范围内环境噪声的谐波分量。梯度计在无磁屏蔽环境中测量得到42.64 dB高信噪比的心磁信号,验证了超导环平衡方法的可靠性。

超声波辅助氰化浸金过程中氰化物的损失行为和机理

研究超声波对金浸出过程中氰化物损失或分解的影响。比较引入和不引入超声波时浸金过程中氰化物浓度的变化。探讨氰化物初始浓度、p H、温度、气氛、自然损失、水解和空化效应对氰化物损失的影响。结果表明,在传统氰化浸金工艺中,氰化物的损失主要是由水解、氧化和与CO_(2)反应造成的。随着超声波的引入,具有氧化性的·OH自由基使氰化物的损失略微增加。对总氰化物和游离氰化物浓度变化的比较证明,在实际浸出中引入120 W超声波对氰化物损失影响较小。

Safety evaluation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment:A phase 2 clinical trial

BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβcell dysfunction is a fundamental aspect of the pathology underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Recently,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has emerged as a new therapeutic method due to its ability to promote the regeneration of pancreaticβcells.However,current studies have focused on its efficacy,and there are few clinical studies on its safety.AIM To evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord(hUC)-MSC infusion in T2DM treatment.METHODS An open-label and randomized phase 2 clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety of hUC-MSC transplantation in T2DM in a Class A hospital.Ten patients in the placebo group received acellular saline intravenously once per week for 3 wk.Twenty-four patients in the hUC-MSC group received hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/kg)intravenously once per week for 3 wk.Diabetic clinical symptoms and signs,laboratory findings,and imaging findings were evaluated weekly for the 1st mo and then at weeks 12 and 24 post-treatment.RESULTS No serious adverse events were observed during the 24-wk follow-up.Four patients(16.7%)in the hUC-MSC group experienced transient fever,which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion;this did not occur in any patients in the placebo group.One patient from the hUC-MSC group experienced hypoglycemic attacks within 1 mo after transplantation.Significantly lower lymphocyte levels(weeks 2 and 3)and thrombin coagulation time(week 2)were observed in the hUC-MSC group compared to those in the placebo group(all P<0.05).Significantly higher platelet levels(week 3),immunoglobulin levels(weeks 1,2,3,and 4),fibrinogen levels(weeks 2 and 3),D-dimer levels(weeks 1,2,3,4,12,and 24),and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios(weeks 2 and 3)were observed in the hUC-MSC group compared to those in the placebo group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups for tumor markers(alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,and carbohydrate antigen 199)or blood fat.No liver damage or other side effects were observed on chest X-ray.CONCLUSION Our study suggested that hUC-MSC transplantation has good tolerance and high safety in the treatment of T2DM.It can improve human immunity and inhibit lymphocytes.Coagulation function should be monitored vigilantly for abnormalities.

不同砧木嫁接对番茄抗病性及产量的影响

为进一步了解不同砧木嫁接对番茄生长的影响,选用青禾、爱禾9号、野生茄、爱凉9号为砧木,以以色列602为接穗,通过嫁接,对嫁接苗的成活率、青枯病抗病性及产量进行试验研究。结果表明科学的砧木嫁接不但可以防病还可以增产,这为遵义地区番茄嫁接栽培砧木的选择提供参考。

A wide hybrid zone mediated by precipitation contributed to confused geographical structure of Scutiger boulengeri

Confused geographical structure of a population and mitonuclear discordance are shaped by a combination of rapid changes in population demographics and shifts in ecology.In this study,we generated a time-calibrated phylogeny of Scutiger boulengeri,an endemic Xizang alpine toad occurring in mountain streams on the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(QTP).Based on three mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA)genes,eight clades were assigned to three deeply divergent lineages.Analysis of nuclear DNA(nu DNA)genes revealed three distinct clusters without geographic structure,indicating significantly high rates of gene flow.Coalescent theory framework analysis(approximate Bayesian computation model DIYABC and Migrate-N)suggested that divergence of the main intraspecific clusters was the result of hybridization after secondary contact in the Holocene around 0.59 million years ago(Ma).The ratio of mt DNA FST(fixation index)to nu DNA FST was 2.3,thus failing to show male-biased dispersal.Geographic cline analysis showed that a wide hybrid zone was initially established in southwestern China,without significant reproductive isolation but with strong introgression in S.boulengeri,suggesting high hybrid fitness.Furthermore,mt DNA genes exhibited isolation by distance(IBD)while nu DNA genes exhibited significant isolation by environment(IBE).Results suggested that mitonuclear discordance may have initially been caused by geographic isolation,followed by precipitation-mediated hybridization,producing a wide hybrid zone and geographic structure confusion of nu DNA genes in S.boulengeri.This study indicated that complicated historical processes may have led to specific genetic patterns,with a specific climate factor facilitating gene flow in the system.

应用于无屏蔽环境的心磁测量系统研究与设计

设计了一种基于高平衡性二阶梯度仪的9通道心磁图仪并对其进行了系统的性能测试,证明其实现了无需磁屏蔽室即可进行的高精度心脏磁场测量。本系统的探测端由9个以碳纤维复合材料作为基底的探头组成,通过自主定位,可在胸前4个方形区域以1000 Hz的采样率采集36点的心磁信号,同时软件端对采集到的数据进行处理,得出电流密度矢量图、等磁图等一系列图形。主要基于该系统进行了多方面的性能测试,测得定位精度、磁场-模数转换器采样率传输系数、磁场分辨率等。并且对两名志愿者进行了实际测量,记录其心磁信号并生成等磁图,并根据等磁图进行了心脏健康程度判断,结果与志愿者病史相吻合。

Revealing the Circadian Rhythm of Taliang Crocodile Newt(Liangshantriton taliangensis) During Breeding Migration Using a Novel Monitoring Technique

Many animals migrate during the breeding season.It is important to study the patterns of breeding migration of wild animals,especially rare and endangered species.However,current data acquisition methods are too coarse and imprecise for investigating the circadian rhythms of migrations in amphibians.Based on the frustrated total reflection image(FTRI),we developed a new device and recorded the precise migration time of an endangered salamander,Liangshantriton taliangensis.During the breeding period,a total of 33 individuals were effectively recorded.Analysis of the data indicated that the circadian rhythm of breeding migration in L.taliangensis was bimodal,and migration mainly occurred from 05:00 to 13:00(81.82%of the total migration records).The average relative activity intensity index(RAI)of breeding migration peaked in the temperature range of 14.0–16.0°C.With increased average relative air humidity,the activity intensity first increased and then decreased,reaching a peak in the humidity range of 91.0%–97.0%.These results demonstrate that our new device is a viable and accurate method for recording the migration time of target species.It is important to reveal the breeding migration pattern of L.taliangensis,which is important for the conservation of this species.Meanwhile,this new device can be used for field monitoring and conservation studies of amphibians,reptiles and other animals.

基于SQUID梯度计的心磁图仪标定及通道差异性研究

在基于超导量子干涉器(SQUID)的多通道心磁图(MCG)系统中,由于各通道硬件系统之间不可避免地存在差异性,因此精确标定每个SQUID的磁场-电压传输系数(VCAL/BCAL)对心磁信号测量及心磁图像反演至关重要。基于九通道MCG系统工作原理,利用杜瓦底部的限位环阵列结构固定九通道梯度计位置,根据标定圆盘内激励线圈与限位环阵列的一致性实现对SQUID的快速标定,每个通道单独标定结果的准确性由九通道差异性验证。实验表明,九通道的标定结果为1.49 mV/pT~1.76 mV/pT,该结果对应的通道差异性为4.5%,符合MCG系统差异性小于5%的经验值。所述标定方法及差异性计算方法可靠且准确度高,可用于MCG系统传输能力的快速评估。

Effects of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on prognosis of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.It is typically highly invasive,difficult to detect in the early stages,and has poor treatment outcomes,resulting in high mortality rates.The available treatment options for GC are relatively limited.One emerging treatment modality is hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).HIPEC involves delivering heated chemotherapy directly into the abdominal cavity.It combines the strategies of surgical tumor resection and localized chemotherapy administration under hyperthermic conditions,aiming to enhance the concentration and effectiveness of drugs within the local tumor site while minimizing systemic toxicity.AIM To determine the effects of cytoreductive surgery(CRS)combined with HIPEC on the short-term prognosis of patients with advanced GC.METHODS Data from 80 patients treated at the Punan Branch of Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2018 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The control group comprised 44 patients treated with CRS,and the research group comprised 36 patients treated with CRS combined RESULTS The baseline data of the research and control groups were similar(P>0.05).Six days after surgery,the alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin levels significantly decreased compared to the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05).However,the values did not differ between the two groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Similarly,the postoperative creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower than the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05),but they did not differ between the groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Furthermore,the research group had fewer postoperative adverse reactions than the control group(P=0.027).Finally,a multivariate Cox analysis identified the tumor stage,distant metastasis,and the treatment plan as independent factors affecting prognosis(P<0.05).The three-year survival rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P=0.002).CONCLUSION CRS combined with HIPEC lowers the incidence of adverse reactions and improves survival in patients with advanced GC.

Compatibility mechanism of Chinese medicine formula:state of the art and perspectives

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been practiced in China and surrounding countries for thousands of years and has gradually attracted the attention of Western countries.After reasonable compatibility,TCMs could play the key role of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity,which has significant therapeutic advantages in the treatment of complex diseases in clinical practice.While the TCM compatibility is not the simple addition of drugs.Under the appropriate dosage ratio,multiple TCMs can play a synergistic role to realize the overall regulation of TCM treatment.Therefore,it is of critical essential to study the compatibility of TCM formula to promote TCM modernization,new drug development and clinical application.Recently,under the guidance of TCM theory,many researches on the composition,pharmacodynamic activity and pharmacokinetic properties of TCM formula have emerged by integrating new technologies and new methods,revealing the scientific connotation of the compatibility of TCM formula from different perspectives and levels.This paper introduces the research progress of compatibility rules from different levels of compatibility,compatibility for synergistic enhancement and detoxification,and application of cutting-edge technology,with representative cases,in order to provide ideas and references for further study on TCM compatibility.

Exploring the mechanism of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian-Wan against Novel coronavirus pneumonia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian-Wan(GGQLW)for the treatment of Novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)by network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:The active compounds and targets of GGQLW were retrieved from the TCMSP database;the targets of COVID-19 were obtained from the OMIM database;the molecular target network of GGQLW for COVID-19 was constructed by Cytoscape software;GO and KEGG analysis were obtained from DAVID database;molecular docking was performed by AutoDock 4.2 and PyMol.Results:A total of 146 active components of GGQLW were obtained;49 therapeutic targets;156 GO enrichment information were involved,including 122 BP,14 CC,and 20 MF;GO results analysis revealed that GGQLW anti-COVID-19 might be mainly through apoptosis,inflammation,immune modulation,and other BP;121 KEGG pathways,and GGQLW anti-COVID-19.The highly relevant signaling pathways were:TNF signaling pathway,Pathways in cancer,HIF-1 signaling pathway;molecular docking results showed that baicalein,berberine,quercetin and formononetin,the core components of GGQLW for COVID-19 treatment,were better bound to SARS-CoV-23CL hydrolases were better bound.Conclusion:The molecular targets and mechanisms of GGQLW for the treatment of COVID-19 were explored through network pharmacology and molecular docking,providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of COVID-19 by GGQLW.

Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of 429 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To understand the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment selections and improve survival and provide valuable information for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC). METHODS:We retrospectively evaluated 5311 liver cancer patients who received resection between October 1999 and December 2003.Of these,429(8.1%)patients were diagnosed with ICC,and their clinicopathological, surgical,and survival characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS:Upper abdominal discomfort or pain(65.0%), no symptoms(12.1%),and hypodynamia(8.2%)were the major causes for medical attention.Laboratory tests showed 198(46.4%)patients were HBsAg positive, 90(21.3%)hadα-fetoprotein>20μg/L,50(11.9%) carcinoembryonic antigen>10μg/L,and 242(57.5%) carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)>37 U/mL.Survival data was available for 329(76.7%)patients and their mean survival time was 12.4 mo.The overall survival of the patients with R0,R1 resection and punching exploration were 18.3,6.6 and 5.6 mo,respectively. Additionally,CA19-9>37 U/mL was associated with lymph node metastases,but inversely associated withcirrhosis.Multivariate analysis indicated that radical resection,lymph node metastases,macroscopic tumor thrombi and size,and CA19-9 were associated with prognosis. CONCLUSION:Surgical radical resection is still the most effective means to cure ICC.Certain laboratory tests(such as CA19-9)can effectively predict the survival of the patients with ICC.

P16 gene hypermethylation and hepatocellular carcinoma:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM:To quantitatively investigate the effect of p16 hypermethylation on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatocirrhosis using a meta-analysis of available casecontrol studies.METHODS:Previous studies have primarily evaluated the incidence of p16 hypermethylation in HCC and corresponding control groups,and compared the incidence of p16 hypermethylation in tumor tissues,pericancer liver tissues,normal liver tissues and non-tumor liver tissues with that in other diseases.Data regarding publication information,study characteristics,and incidence of p16 hypermethylation in both groups were collected from these studies and summarized.RESULTS:Fifteen studies,including 744 cases of HCC and 645 non-tumor cases,were identified for meta-analysis.Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) of p16 hypermethylation were obtained from tumor tissues and non-tumorous liver tissues of HCC patients (OR 7.04,95% CI:3.87%-12.78%,P < 0.0001),tumor tissues of HCC patients and healthy liver tissues of patients with other diseases (OR 12.17,95% CI:6.64%-22.31%,P < 0.0001),tumor tissues of HCC patients and liver tissues of patients with non-tumorous liver diseases (OR 6.82,95% CI:4.31%-10.79%,P < 0.0001),and cirrhotic liver tissues and non-cirrhotic liver tissues (OR 4.96,95% CI:1.45%-16.96%,P=0.01).The pooled analysis showed significantly increased ORs of p16 hypermethylation (OR 6.98,95% CI:4.64%-10.49%,P < 0.001) from HCC tissues and cirrhotic tissues.CONCLUSION:P16 hypermethylation induces the inactivation of p16 gene,plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis,and is associated with an increased risk of HCC and liver cirrhosis.

Review of gold leaching in thiosulfate-based solutions

Numerous non-cyanide leaching lixiviants have been developed,among which thiosulfate is considered the most promising alternative to cyanide due to its non-toxicity,low price,high leaching rate and excellent characteristics in dealing with carbonaceous and copper-bearing gold ores.The traditional copper−ammonia−thiosulfate system has been studied extensively.However,with many years of process development,there are still some problems and challenges with this gold leaching system.A series of studies using nickel-,cobalt-and ferric-based catalyst to substitute copper have been conducted with the purpose of reducing the consumption of thiosulfate.A variety of non-ammonia thiosulfate leaching systems including oxygen−thiosulfate,copper−thiosulfate,copper−EDA−thiosulfate,ferric−EDTA−thiosulfate,and ferric−oxalate−thiosulfate leaching systems have been also developed to eliminate the potential side-effect of ammonia.In this review,the basic theory and process development of some main gold leaching systems based on thiosulfate solutions were systematically summarized to illustrate the research status on thiosulfate leaching process.The potential effects of various additives such as organic ligands containing amino,carboxyl or hydroxy functional groups on gold thiosulfate leaching were described in detail.The potential opportunity and challenge for promoting the industrial development of thiosulfate-based gold leaching systems were also discussed.

Efficacy of platinum in advanced triple-negative breast cancer with germline BRCA mutation determined by next generation sequencing

Objective:To compare the efficacy of platinum-and non-platinum-based regimens as first-line treatment for advanced triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)and analyze the relationship between their efficacy and BRCA gene status.Methods:Retrospectively analyze clinical data of 220 patients diagnosed pathologically with advanced TNBC and treated at the Department of Breast Oncology,Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2013 to 2018 and evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy.A total of 114 patients had BRCA1/2 gene tested by next generation sequencing(NGS)using peripheral blood,and we analyzed the correlation between their efficacy and BRCA1/2 gene status.Results:Non-platinum-based chemotherapy(NPCT)was administered to 129 and platinum-based chemotherapy(PBCT)to 91 study patients.The clinical benefit rate(CBR)and median progression-free survival(PFS)were not statistically different between NPCT and PBCT groups.The median overall survival(OS)was 30.0 and 22.5 months for PBCT and NPCT group,respectively[P=0.090,hazard ratios(HR)=0.703].BRCA status was assessed in 114 patients,14 of whom had deleterious germline BRCA1/2(g BRCA)mutations(seven in each group).In PBCT group,the CBR was 85.7%and 35.1%for patients with and without deleterious g BRCA mutations,respectively(P=0.039).The median PFS were 14.9 and 5.3 months and median OS were 26.5 and 15.5 months for patients with and without deleterious g BRCA mutations,respectively(P=0.001,P=0.161,respectively).Patients in PBCT group had significantly greater rates of grade 3-4 anemia(5.5%vs.0%)and thrombocytopenia(8.8%vs.0%),whereas palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia(12.4%vs.0%)and peripheral neuropathy(8.6%vs.1.1%)occurred more frequently in NPCT group.Conclusions:Platinum-based regimens are more effective in patients with deleterious g BRCA mutations,but no difference in patients without BRCA gene mutations,so non-platinum is an option in patients without BRCA gene mutations considering the toxicity and side effect.And we recommend that patients with advanced TNBC should have BRCA gene test.

Recent progresses in H2-PEMFC at DICP

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) as a power supply device has attracted wide attention in China and abroad for its advantages of high energy density, energy conversion efficiency and zero pollution.With the vigorous support of China's national policy, research institutes and enterprises have carried out extensive and pragmatic work on the basic materials, key components, stacks, auxiliary systems of PEMFCs, as well as the hydrogen station construction in order to realize the wide application of hydrogen energy.PEMFC System and Engineering Research Center of DICP is one of the earliest players in the H2-PEMFCs field.Advances have been achieved in the fields of low-platinum contained catalysts,PEMs, high-efficiency MEAs, low-cost metal bipolar plates, low-temperature and impurity air environment adaptability, stacks and systems.This paper introduces recent progresses of H2-PEMFCs at DICP in key materials, components, stacks, systems and the applications.The engineering status of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE) and the alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)are also summarized.