1990-2019年中国霍奇金淋巴瘤流行趋势和疾病负担分析

目的分析1990—2019年中国霍奇金淋巴瘤的流行趋势和疾病负担。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)数据,采用发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、早死所致的寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)、伤残所致的健康寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLD)及其标化率,对1990—2019年中国霍奇金淋巴瘤的流行趋势和疾病负担进行分析。结果1990—2019年中国霍奇金淋巴瘤新发病例数由0.66万上升至0.95万,增幅达42.68%,总体上标化发病率由0.65/10万降至0.57/10万,降幅达11.12%,但自2006年起有所反弹;死亡例数与标化死亡率呈下降趋势,降幅分别达45.30%、72.00%;除YLD标化率增加66.77%外,DALY标化率、YLL标化率均呈下降趋势,降幅分别为73.31%、74.82%。不同性别人群发病率、死亡率和DALY率随年龄增长均呈上升趋势,但男性发病率、死亡率和DALY率均高于女性。结论1990—2019年,我国霍奇金淋巴瘤发病率先下降后上升,死亡率和DALY率呈不断下降趋势,男性和老年人是霍奇金淋巴瘤疾病负担的高危人群。

Controlled synthesis of monodispersed spherical ruthenium powders

Monodispersed spherical Ru powders are essential for fabricating high-performance Ru sputtering targets,which have applications in very-large-scale integration circuits and magnetic recording devices.However,the synthesis of such powders remains a major challenge.Here,we reported the synthesis of monodispersed spherical Ru powders through controlling the molar ratio of SO_(4)^(2-)to Ru^(3+)in urea homogeneous precipitation solution and the annealing conditions.Without the addition of(NH4)2SO_(4)into the reaction solution,only gel-like precipitation particles were obtained.Once introducing(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) into the reaction solution and controlling the molar ratio of SO_(4)^(2-)to Ru3+between 0.50 and 1.00,monodispersed spherical precursor powders were obtained.The nucleation and growth of monodispersed spherical precursor particles in solution were found to conform to LaMer's model.Through controlled annealing at 450℃in a hydrogen atmosphere,the obtained metallic Ru powder with an average particle size of 135 nm inherited the spherical morphology and excellent dispersity from the monodispersed spherical precursor powders.These results and findings would deepen the understanding of the preparation of monodispersed Ru and Ru-like powders.