The role and research progress of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head(NONFH)is one of the most common orthopedic diseases,influenced by multiple signaling pathways and inflammatory factors.The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is closely related to various biological processes such as apoptosis,autophagy,and metabolism in cells.Increasing evidence suggests that it plays an important role in the development of femoral head necrosis.This paper aims to explore the mechanism of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of NONFH by analyzing its regulation of lipid metabolism,cell apoptosis and autophagy,and intravascular coagulation.This study provides new insights for the research of NONFH.

Design Optimization of Outlet Temperature Distribution of Hydrogen Micromixing Diffusion Combustor Based on Micro-turbojet Engine Engine

This paper focuses on the optimization of the outlet temperature field of a hydrogen micromixing diffusion combustor for a micro-turbojet engine with a thrust of 20kgf.The joint simulation optimization platform was established combiningWorkbench and UG and the multi-parameter driven optimization design process was developed.The surrogate models and genetic algorithms were employed to investigate the influences of key parameters on the hotspot temperature at the combustor exit.It was found that smaller diameters of the dilution holes and positions further from the exit lead to lower hotspot temperatures.Additionally,an optimal solution for achieving a uniform temperature distribution at the combustor outlet was obtained.This solution involves a single row of dilution holes on both the inner and outer walls of the flame tube,arranged in an alternating axial and angular pattern.Through aerothermal process analysis,it was determined that the outlet temperature distribution coefficient(OTDF)of the combustion chamber is below 0.2.Meanwhile,the axial dimension of the flame is short,approximately one-third of the flame tube length.The conclusions derived from this study provide important guidance for the design of hydrogen micromix diffusion combustor.