B, N-Co-doped Carbon Tubes with P Encapsulated in 3D Graphene Aerogel for High-stable Lithium-ion Batteries

Li-related anodes with stable ability and excellent rate performance are urgently being pursued to overcome the slow kinetic of current lithium ion storage devices.In this work,an annealing-hydrothermal method is developed to fabricate the anode of a three-dimension nano-construction with robust charge transfer networks,which is composed of elements B,N co-doped carbon tube(BN-CT)as the carrier of red phosphorous to(3D BN-CT@P).Then,3D BN-CT@P is embedded in the graphene aerogel network to obtain (3D BN-CT@P@GA).Impressively,the 3D BN-CT@P@GA shows high capacity and good cycle stability in the potential rage of 0.01-2.5V.Especially,the discharge capacity is~800 mAh g^(-1) at 500 mA g^(-1) after 500 cycles when evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The improved electrochemical performances result from the unique structure of the 3D BN-CT@P@GA.With the hetero atoms doping,the active P can load up to the BN-CT,which can realize the high capacity as well as the low potential for the anode.At the same time,the graphene aerogel network provides the protection for the BN-CT@P species and good conductivity to enhance ion diffusion.This work fundamentally presents an effective structural engineering way for improving the performance of P-based anodes for advanced LIBs.

Resequencing of 145 Landmark Cultivars Reveals Asymmetric Sub-genome Selection and Strong Founder Genotype Effects on Wheat Breeding in China

Controlled pedigrees and the multi-decade timescale of national crop plant breeding programs offer a unique experimental context for examining how selection affects plant genomes.More than 3000 wheat cultivars have been registered,released,and documented since 1949 in China.In this study,a set of 145 elite cultivars selected from historical points of wheat breeding in China were re-sequenced.A total of 43.75 Tb of sequence data were generated with an average read depth of 17.94x for each cultivar,and more than 60.92 million SNPs and 2.54 million InDels were captured,based on the Chinese Spring RefSeq genome v1.0.Seventy years of breeder-driven selection led to dramatic changes in grain yield and related phenotypes,with distinct genomic regions and phenotypes tar-geted by different breeders across the decades.There are very clear instances illustrating how introduced Italian and otherforeign germplasm was integrated into Chinese wheat programs and reshaped the genomic landscape of local modern cultivars.Importantly,the resequencing data also highlighted significant asymmetric breeding selec-tion among the three sub-genomes:this was evident in both the collinear blocks for homeologous chromosomes and among sets of three homeologous genes.Accumulation of more newly assembled genes in newer cultivars implied the potential value of these genes in breeding.Conserved and extended sharing of linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks was highlighted among pedigree-related cultivars,in which fewer haplotype differences were detected.Fixation or replacement of haplotypes from founder genotypes after generations of breeding was related to their breeding value.Based on the haplotype frequency changes in LD blocks of pedigree-related cultivars,we propose a strategy for evaluating the breeding value of any given line on the basis of the accumulation(pyramiding)of bene-ficial haplotypes.Collectively,our study demonstrates the influence of "founder genotypes" on the output of breeding efforts over many decades and also suggests that founder genotype perspectives are in fact more dy-namic when applied in the context of modern genomics-informed breeding.

The biology of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway in cerebrovascular system

Bone morphogenetic protein belongs to transcription growth factor superfamilyβ;bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway regulates cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis among different tissues.Cerebrovascular system supplies sufficient oxygen and blood into brain to maintain its normal function.The disorder of cerebrovascular system will result into serious cerebrovascular diseases,which is gradually becoming a major threat to human health in modern society.In recent decades,many studies have revealed the underlying biology and mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway played in cerebrovascular system.This review will discuss the relationship between the two aspects,aiming to provide new perspective for non-invasive treatment and basic research of cerebrovascular diseases.

Underlying mechanism of hemodynamics and intracranial aneurysm

In modern society,subarachnoid hemorrhage,mostly caused by intracranial aneurysm rupture,is accompanied by high disability and mortality rate,which has become a major threat to human health.Till now,the etiology of intracranial aneurysm has not been entirely clarified.In recent years,more and more studies focus on the relationship between hemodynamics and intracranial aneurysm.Under the physiological condition,the mechanical force produced by the stable blood flow in the blood vessels keeps balance with the structure of the blood vessels.When the blood vessels are stimulated by the continuous abnormal blood flow,the functional structure of the blood vessels changes,which becomes the pathophysiological basis of the inflammation and atherosclerosis of the blood vessels and further promotes the occurrence and development of the intracranial aneurysm.This review will focus on the relationship between hemodynamics and intracranial aneurysms,will discuss the mechanism of occurrence and development of intracranial aneurysms,and will provide a new perspective for the research and treatment of intracranial aneurysms.