Effect of yellow rice wine on anti-aging ability in aged mice induced by D-galactose

The present study is focused on investigation of the health protective effect of yellow rice wine(YRW)in mice and the potential underlying mechanism.Symptoms of aging were induced in mice by using Dgalactose(D-gal),and different doses of YRW(4,8,and 12 mL/kg BW)were orally administrated to D-galtreated mice for a period of six weeks.The in vivo data obtained in the present study preliminary indicated that YRW markedly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the concentration of MDA both in the brain and liver.Furthermore,a forced swim test showed that moderate intake of YRW(8 mL/kg BW)significantly decreased the duration of immobility,reduced the blood content of urea nitrogen and lactic acid,and increased hepatic glycogen storage.Besides,results from the Morris water maze test suggested that YRW significantly reversed cognitive impairment and also alleviated neuroapoptosis in the experimental mice by regulating the gene expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3.The above results indicated YRW has a potential anti-aging effect in mice and provided us certain molecular evidence for this action.

Insulin exerts direct, IGF-1 independent actions in growth plate chondrocytes

Insufficient insulin production or action in diabetic states is associated with growth retardation and impaired bone healing, while the underling mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we sought to define the role of insulin signaling in the growth plate. Insulin treatment of embryonic metatarsal bones from wild-type mice increased chondrocyte proliferation. Mice lacking insulin receptor （IR） selectively in chondrocytes （CartIR-/-） had no discernable differences in total femoral length compared to control littermates. However, CartIR-/- mice exhibited an increase in chondrocyte numbers in the growth plate than that of the controls. Chondrocytes lacking IR had elevated insulin-like growth factor （IGF）-IR mRNA and protein levels. Subsequently, IGF-1 induced phosphorylafion of Akt and ERK was enhanced, while this action was eliminated when the cells were treated with IGF-1R inhibitor Picropodophyllin. Deletion of the IR impaired chondrogenic differentiation, and the effect could not be restored by treatment of insulin, but partially rescued by IGF-1 treatment. Intriguingly, the size of hypertrophic chondrocytes was smaller in CartIR-/- mice when compared with that of the control littermates, which was associated with upregnlation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 （TSC2）. These results suggest that deletion of the IR in chondrocytes sensitizes IGF-1R signaling and action, IR and IGF-1R coordinate to regulate the proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes.

Accelerated degradation of orange G over a wide pH range in the presence of FeVO4

In this study, FeVO4 was prepared and used as Fenton-like catalyst to degrade orange G （OG） dye. The removal of OG in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 g.L l FeVO4 and 15 mmol.L ] hydrogen peroxide at pH 7.0 reached 93.2%. Similar rates were achieved at pH 5.7 （k = 0.0471 min-1） pH 7.0 （k= 0.0438 min-1）, and pH 7.7 （k = 0.0434 min-1）. The FeWO4 catalyst successfully overcomes the problem faced in the heterogeneous Fenton process, i.e., the narrow working pH range. The data for the removal of OG in FeVO4 systems containing H202 conform to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model （R2 = 0.9988）, indicating that adsorption and surface reaction are the two basic mechanisms for OG removal in the FeVO4 H202 system. Furthermore, the irradiation of FeVO4 by visible light significantly increases the degradation rate of OG, which is attributed to the enhanced rates of the iron cycles and vanadium cycles.

Complexation of iron by salicylic acid and its effect on atrazine photodegradation in aqueous solution

The photodegradation of atrazine and the photochemical formation of Fe(Ⅱ)and H_(2)O_(2)in aqueous solutions containing salicylic acid and Fe(Ⅲ)were studied under simulated sunlight irradiation.Atrazine photolysis followed first-order reaction kinetics,and the rate constant(k)corresponding to the solution of Fe(Ⅲ)-salicylic acid complex(Fe(Ⅲ)-SA)was only 0.0153 h^(–1),roughly one eighth of the k observed in the Fe(Ⅲ)alone solution(0.115 h^(–1)).Compared with Fe(Ⅲ)solution,the presence of salicylic acid significantly enhanced the formation of Fe(Ⅱ)but greatly decreased H_(2)O_(2)generation,and their subsequent product,hydroxyl radical(%OH),was much less,accounting for the low rate of atrazine photodegradation in Fe(Ⅲ)-SA solution.The interaction of Fe(Ⅲ)with salicylic acid was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption,indicating that Fe(Ⅲ)-salicylic acid complex could be formed by ligand exchange between the hydrogen ions in salicylic acid and Fe(Ⅲ)ions.