An extreme and persistent heat wave event hit Missouri in summer 2012.Current operational forecast models failed to predict such an event at a long lead.The objective of the current study is to simulate this extreme e...An extreme and persistent heat wave event hit Missouri in summer 2012.Current operational forecast models failed to predict such an event at a long lead.The objective of the current study is to simulate this extreme event using a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with eight combined physical(including longwave/shortwave radiation,microphysics,and planetary boundary layer)parameterization packages.Integrated for one month,the model successfully simulates the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of surface air temperature,compared to in-situ observations.The interesting feature is an oscillatory development of the surface air temperature,with a pronounced synoptic timescale.Such a temperature evolution is consistent with the local zonal wind fluctuation,implying the important role of anomalous temperature advection.An overall skill score that combines the performance of 2-m air temperature,relative humidity,and precipitation fields is defined.The result shows that the combination of Thompson,Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs(RRTMG),and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino level-3(MYNN3)schemes presents the best WRF simulation.A further analysis of this best simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area with realistic diurnal variation of 2-m air temperature in the urban and nonurban areas with a larger UHI effect at nighttime.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42088101)US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NA18OAR4310298)+2 种基金US National Science Foundation(IIA-1355406)China Scholarship Council(N201808320274)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China(KYCX17_0874).
文摘An extreme and persistent heat wave event hit Missouri in summer 2012.Current operational forecast models failed to predict such an event at a long lead.The objective of the current study is to simulate this extreme event using a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with eight combined physical(including longwave/shortwave radiation,microphysics,and planetary boundary layer)parameterization packages.Integrated for one month,the model successfully simulates the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of surface air temperature,compared to in-situ observations.The interesting feature is an oscillatory development of the surface air temperature,with a pronounced synoptic timescale.Such a temperature evolution is consistent with the local zonal wind fluctuation,implying the important role of anomalous temperature advection.An overall skill score that combines the performance of 2-m air temperature,relative humidity,and precipitation fields is defined.The result shows that the combination of Thompson,Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs(RRTMG),and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino level-3(MYNN3)schemes presents the best WRF simulation.A further analysis of this best simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area with realistic diurnal variation of 2-m air temperature in the urban and nonurban areas with a larger UHI effect at nighttime.
