In this study, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation on white glass substrates with thicknesses of about 50, 100 and 170 nm. We investigated structural properties by X-ray Diffr...In this study, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation on white glass substrates with thicknesses of about 50, 100 and 170 nm. We investigated structural properties by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The results showed that ITO thin films have a crystalline structure with a domain that increases in size with increasing thickness. For uniform electron density, as the thin film roughness increases, reflectivity curve slope also increases. Also thinner film has more fringes than thicker film. The roughness determines how quickly the reflected signal decays. XRR technique is more suitable for very thin films, approximately 20 nm and less.展开更多
In this research KCl, KCl:Mn, KCl:Ag and KCl:In single crystals have been grown by Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction confirms KCl single crystal formation. In this work also influence of mentioned impurities on th...In this research KCl, KCl:Mn, KCl:Ag and KCl:In single crystals have been grown by Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction confirms KCl single crystal formation. In this work also influence of mentioned impurities on the optical property of KCl single crystal has been studied by chemical etching. Then the hardness of these crystals have been measured by Vickers micro hardness. The result indicate the positive effect of the impurity on optical and mechanical properties.展开更多
In this paper, the effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of palladium thin films has been investigated. The Pd thin films with thickness of about 123 ? were deposited on glass substrates by electro...In this paper, the effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of palladium thin films has been investigated. The Pd thin films with thickness of about 123 ? were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam coating method. Then the palladium thin films were annealed in air at 350℃, 450℃, 550℃ and 650℃ for 1h and then cold slowly. All the initial Pd films were found to have amorphous structure. Their optical properties were studied as function of annealing temperature using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The direct band gaps in Pd films have been de- termined. Decreasing the values of the direct band gap shows also increasing the Pd crystallite nanostructure with increasing annealing temperature.展开更多
Quasicrystals are material with perfect long-range order, but with no three-dimensional translation periodicity. They are typically binary and ternary metallic alloys. Quasicrystals have characteristic physical proper...Quasicrystals are material with perfect long-range order, but with no three-dimensional translation periodicity. They are typically binary and ternary metallic alloys. Quasicrystals have characteristic physical properties. Some resemble those of periodic crystals while others have similar properties to amorphous alloys. Many of their mechanical physical prop- erties are quite unusual by the standards of common metals. The peculiar physical properties of quasicrystals certainly give rise to the hope that they may become of some practical importance in the future. Some of these properties are surface related. This provides the main motivation for surface scientists to study this material. In this paper;quasicrystals, types of them, physical properties, surface science and potential applications of them have been discussed.展开更多
In the present research, mixed crystals KCl1–xBrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 & 0.9) were grown by Czochralski method. Then some analysis such as chemical etching, XRD, and absorbing spectrum were established on the ...In the present research, mixed crystals KCl1–xBrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 & 0.9) were grown by Czochralski method. Then some analysis such as chemical etching, XRD, and absorbing spectrum were established on the irradiated crystals by γ-ray. The results of this research show that configuration of defects in mixed crystals in contrast with pure crystals is different. Somehow that type and percentage of cumulative composition cause to changing in lattice parameter and lattice defect density in alkali halide crystals and finally change optical properties of crystal.展开更多
A set of 2D steady state finite element numerical simulations of electromagnetic fields,eddy currents distribution and induction heating pattern has been done for different thicknesses of a metal workpiece.Comparison ...A set of 2D steady state finite element numerical simulations of electromagnetic fields,eddy currents distribution and induction heating pattern has been done for different thicknesses of a metal workpiece.Comparison between the calculation results show the importance of workpiece thickness on induction heating process including electromagnetic field distribution,eddy currents pattern,heating structure and coil efficiency.展开更多
文摘In this study, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation on white glass substrates with thicknesses of about 50, 100 and 170 nm. We investigated structural properties by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The results showed that ITO thin films have a crystalline structure with a domain that increases in size with increasing thickness. For uniform electron density, as the thin film roughness increases, reflectivity curve slope also increases. Also thinner film has more fringes than thicker film. The roughness determines how quickly the reflected signal decays. XRR technique is more suitable for very thin films, approximately 20 nm and less.
文摘In this research KCl, KCl:Mn, KCl:Ag and KCl:In single crystals have been grown by Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction confirms KCl single crystal formation. In this work also influence of mentioned impurities on the optical property of KCl single crystal has been studied by chemical etching. Then the hardness of these crystals have been measured by Vickers micro hardness. The result indicate the positive effect of the impurity on optical and mechanical properties.
文摘In this paper, the effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of palladium thin films has been investigated. The Pd thin films with thickness of about 123 ? were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam coating method. Then the palladium thin films were annealed in air at 350℃, 450℃, 550℃ and 650℃ for 1h and then cold slowly. All the initial Pd films were found to have amorphous structure. Their optical properties were studied as function of annealing temperature using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The direct band gaps in Pd films have been de- termined. Decreasing the values of the direct band gap shows also increasing the Pd crystallite nanostructure with increasing annealing temperature.
文摘Quasicrystals are material with perfect long-range order, but with no three-dimensional translation periodicity. They are typically binary and ternary metallic alloys. Quasicrystals have characteristic physical properties. Some resemble those of periodic crystals while others have similar properties to amorphous alloys. Many of their mechanical physical prop- erties are quite unusual by the standards of common metals. The peculiar physical properties of quasicrystals certainly give rise to the hope that they may become of some practical importance in the future. Some of these properties are surface related. This provides the main motivation for surface scientists to study this material. In this paper;quasicrystals, types of them, physical properties, surface science and potential applications of them have been discussed.
文摘In the present research, mixed crystals KCl1–xBrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 & 0.9) were grown by Czochralski method. Then some analysis such as chemical etching, XRD, and absorbing spectrum were established on the irradiated crystals by γ-ray. The results of this research show that configuration of defects in mixed crystals in contrast with pure crystals is different. Somehow that type and percentage of cumulative composition cause to changing in lattice parameter and lattice defect density in alkali halide crystals and finally change optical properties of crystal.
文摘A set of 2D steady state finite element numerical simulations of electromagnetic fields,eddy currents distribution and induction heating pattern has been done for different thicknesses of a metal workpiece.Comparison between the calculation results show the importance of workpiece thickness on induction heating process including electromagnetic field distribution,eddy currents pattern,heating structure and coil efficiency.
