Plants posses a complex co-regulatory network which helps them to elicit a response under diverse adverse conditions. We used an in silico approach to identify the genes with both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter...Plants posses a complex co-regulatory network which helps them to elicit a response under diverse adverse conditions. We used an in silico approach to identify the genes with both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter regions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results showed that Arabidopsis contains a set of 2,052 genes with ABRE and DRE motifs in their promoter regions. Approximately 72~o or more of the total predicted 2,052 genes had a gap distance of less than 40o bp between DRE and ABRE motifs. For positional orientation of the DRE and ABRE motifs, we found that the DR form （one in direct and the other one in reverse orientation） was more prevalent than other forms. These predicted 2,o52 genes include 155 transcription factors. Using microarray data from The Arabidopsis Information Resource （TAIR） database, we present 44 transcription factors out of 155 which are upregulated by more than twofold in response to osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Fifty-one transcripts from the one predicted above were validated using semiquantitative expression analysis to support the microarray data in TAIR. Taken together, we report a set of genes containing both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter regions in A. thaliana, which can be useful to understand the role of ABA under osmotic stress condition.展开更多
International disaster databases and catalogs provide a baseline for researchers,governments,communities,and organizations to understand the risk of a particular place,analyze broader trends in disaster risk,and justi...International disaster databases and catalogs provide a baseline for researchers,governments,communities,and organizations to understand the risk of a particular place,analyze broader trends in disaster risk,and justify investments in mitigation.Perhaps because Singapore is routinely identified as one of the safest countries in the world,Singapore’s past disasters have not been studied extensively with few events captured in major global databases such as EM-DAT.In this article,we fill the disaster data gap for postwar Singapore(1950–2020)using specified metrics through an archival search,review of literature,and analysis of secondary sources.We present four key lessons from cataloging these events.First,we expand Singapore’s disaster catalog to 39 events in this time period and quantify the extent of this data gap.Second,we identify the mitigating actions that have followed past events that contribute to Singapore’s present-day safety.Third,we discuss how these past events uncover continuities among vulnerability bearers in Singapore.Last,we identify limitations of a disaster catalog when considering future risks.In expanding the disaster catalog,this case study of Singapore supports the need for comprehensive understanding of past disasters in order to examine current and future disaster resilience.展开更多
基金the INSA young scientist projectBSC-0109 CSIR-Network project for financial support
文摘Plants posses a complex co-regulatory network which helps them to elicit a response under diverse adverse conditions. We used an in silico approach to identify the genes with both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter regions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results showed that Arabidopsis contains a set of 2,052 genes with ABRE and DRE motifs in their promoter regions. Approximately 72~o or more of the total predicted 2,052 genes had a gap distance of less than 40o bp between DRE and ABRE motifs. For positional orientation of the DRE and ABRE motifs, we found that the DR form （one in direct and the other one in reverse orientation） was more prevalent than other forms. These predicted 2,o52 genes include 155 transcription factors. Using microarray data from The Arabidopsis Information Resource （TAIR） database, we present 44 transcription factors out of 155 which are upregulated by more than twofold in response to osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Fifty-one transcripts from the one predicted above were validated using semiquantitative expression analysis to support the microarray data in TAIR. Taken together, we report a set of genes containing both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter regions in A. thaliana, which can be useful to understand the role of ABA under osmotic stress condition.
基金We would like to acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister's Office,Singapore under the NRF2018-SR2001-007 and NRF-NRFF2018-06 awardsThis research is also partly supported by the National Research Foundation Singaporethe Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative through the Earth Observatory of Singapore
文摘International disaster databases and catalogs provide a baseline for researchers,governments,communities,and organizations to understand the risk of a particular place,analyze broader trends in disaster risk,and justify investments in mitigation.Perhaps because Singapore is routinely identified as one of the safest countries in the world,Singapore’s past disasters have not been studied extensively with few events captured in major global databases such as EM-DAT.In this article,we fill the disaster data gap for postwar Singapore(1950–2020)using specified metrics through an archival search,review of literature,and analysis of secondary sources.We present four key lessons from cataloging these events.First,we expand Singapore’s disaster catalog to 39 events in this time period and quantify the extent of this data gap.Second,we identify the mitigating actions that have followed past events that contribute to Singapore’s present-day safety.Third,we discuss how these past events uncover continuities among vulnerability bearers in Singapore.Last,we identify limitations of a disaster catalog when considering future risks.In expanding the disaster catalog,this case study of Singapore supports the need for comprehensive understanding of past disasters in order to examine current and future disaster resilience.
