Ontology-Based Crime News Semantic Retrieval System

Every day,the media reports tons of crimes that are considered by a large number of users and accumulate on a regular basis.Crime news exists on the Internet in unstructured formats such as books,websites,documents,and journals.From such homogeneous data,it is very challenging to extract relevant information which is a time-consuming and critical task for the public and law enforcement agencies.Keyword-based Information Retrieval(IR)systems rely on statistics to retrieve results,making it difficult to obtain relevant results.They are unable to understandthe user’s query and thus facewordmismatchesdue to context changes andthe inevitable semanticsof a given word.Therefore,such datasets need to be organized in a structured configuration,with the goal of efficiently manipulating the data while respecting the semantics of the data.An ontological semantic IR systemis needed that can find the right investigative information and find important clues to solve criminal cases.The semantic system retrieves information in view of the similarity of the semantics among indexed data and user queries.In this paper,we develop anontology-based semantic IRsystemthat leverages the latest semantic technologies including resource description framework(RDF),semantic protocol and RDF query language(SPARQL),semantic web rule language(SWRL),and web ontology language(OWL).We have conducted two experiments.In the first experiment,we implemented a keyword-based textual IR systemusing Apache Lucene.In the second experiment,we implemented a semantic systemthat uses ontology to store the data and retrieve precise results with high accuracy using SPARQL queries.The keyword-based system has filtered results with 51%accuracy,while the semantic system has filtered results with 95%accuracy,leading to significant improvements in the field and opening up new horizons for researchers.

A Lightweight Approach for Skin Lesion Detection Through Optimal Features Fusion

Skin diseases effectively influence all parts of life.Early and accurate detection of skin cancer is necessary to avoid significant loss.The manual detection of skin diseases by dermatologists leads to misclassification due to the same intensity and color levels.Therefore,an automated system to identify these skin diseases is required.Few studies on skin disease classification using different techniques have been found.However,previous techniques failed to identify multi-class skin disease images due to their similar appearance.In the proposed study,a computer-aided framework for automatic skin disease detection is presented.In the proposed research,we collected and normalized the datasets from two databases(ISIC archive,Mendeley)based on six Basal Cell Carcinoma(BCC),Actinic Keratosis(AK),Seborrheic Keratosis(SK),Nevus(N),Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC),and Melanoma(M)common skin diseases.Besides,segmentation is performed using deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN).Furthermore,three types of features are extracted from segmented skin lesions:ABCD rule,GLCM,and in-depth features.AlexNet transfer learning is used for deep feature extraction,while a support vector machine(SVM)is used for classification.Experimental results show that SVM outperformed other studies in terms of accuracy,as AK disease achieved 100%accuracy,BCC 92.7%,M 95.1%,N 97.8%,SK 93.1%,SCC 91.4%with a global accuracy of 95.4%.

Noisy ECG Signal Data Transformation to Augment Classification Accuracy

In this era of electronic health,healthcare data is very important because it contains information about human survival.In addition,the Internet of Things(IoT)revolution has redefined modern healthcare systems and management by providing continuous monitoring.In this case,the data related to the heart is more important and requires proper analysis.For the analysis of heart data,Electrocardiogram(ECG)is used.In this work,machine learning techniques,such as adaptive boosting(AdaBoost)is used for detecting normal sinus rhythm,atrial fibrillation(AF),and noise in ECG signals to improve the classification accuracy.The proposed model uses ECG signals as input and provides results in the form of the presence or absence of disease AF,and classifies other signals as normal,other,or noise.This article derives different features from the signal using Maximal Information Coefficient(MIC)and minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance(mRMR)technique,and then classifies them based on their attributes.Since the ECG contains some kind of noise and irregular data streams so the purpose of this study is to remove artifacts from the ECG signal by deploying the method of Second-Order-Section(SOS)(filter)and correctly classify them.Several features were extracted to improve the detection of ECG data.Compared with existing methods,this work gives promising results and can help improve the classification accuracy of the ECG signals.

COVIDX: Computer-aided diagnosis of COVID-19 and its severity prediction with raw digital chest X-ray scans

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and it has infected and killed millions of people across the globe.Objective: In the absence or inadequate provision of therapeutic treatments of COVID-19 and the limited convenience of diagnostic techniques, there is a necessity for some alternate spontaneous screening systems that can easily be used by the physicians to rapidly recognize and isolate the infected patients to circumvent onward surge. A chest X-ray (CXR) image can effortlessly be used as a substitute modality to diagnose the COVID-19.Method: In this study, we present an automatic COVID-19 diagnostic and severity prediction system (COVIDX) that uses deep feature maps of CXR images along with classical machine learning algorithms to identify COVID-19 and forecast its severity. The proposed system uses a three-phase classification approach (healthy vs unhealthy, COVID-19 vs pneumonia, and COVID-19 severity) using different conventional supervised classification algorithms.Results: We evaluated COVIDX through 10-fold cross-validation, by using an external validation dataset, and also in a real setting by involving an experienced radiologist. In all the adopted evaluation settings, COVIDX showed strong generalization power and outperforms all the prevailing state-of-the-art methods designed for this purpose.Conclusions: Our proposed method (COVIDX), with vivid performance in COVID-19 diagnosis and its severity prediction, can be used as an aiding tool for clinical physicians and radiologists in the diagnosis and follow-up studies of COVID-19 infected patients.Availability: We made COVIDX easily accessible through a cloud-based webserver and python code available at https://sites.google.com/view/wajidarshad/software and https://github.com/wajidarshad/covidx, respectively.