Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma,border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space,and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease c...Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma,border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space,and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease conditions.The vast heterogeneity of these cells has been elucidated over the last decade using revolutionary multiomics technologies.As such,we can now start to define these various macrophage populations according to their ontogeny and their diverse functional programs during brain development,homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.In this review,we first outline the critical roles played by brain macrophages during development and healthy aging.We then discuss how brain macrophages might undergo reprogramming and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders,autoimmune diseases,and glioma.Finally,we speculate about the most recent and ongoing discoveries that are prompting translational attempts to leverage brain macrophages as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for diseases that affect the brain.展开更多
Macrophages are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis but are also abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In bothprimary tumors and metastases, such tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) seem to support tumor...Macrophages are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis but are also abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In bothprimary tumors and metastases, such tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) seem to support tumor development. While we knowthat TAMs are the dominant immune cells in the TME, their vast heterogeneity and associated functions are only just beingunraveled. In this review, we outline the various known TAM populations found thus far and delineate their specialized rolesassociated with the main stages of cancer progression. We discuss how macrophages may prime the premetastatic niche to enablethe growth of a metastasis and then how subsequent metastasis-associated macrophages can support secondary tumor growth.Finally, we speculate on the challenges that remain to be overcome in TAM research.展开更多
文摘Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma,border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space,and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease conditions.The vast heterogeneity of these cells has been elucidated over the last decade using revolutionary multiomics technologies.As such,we can now start to define these various macrophage populations according to their ontogeny and their diverse functional programs during brain development,homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.In this review,we first outline the critical roles played by brain macrophages during development and healthy aging.We then discuss how brain macrophages might undergo reprogramming and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders,autoimmune diseases,and glioma.Finally,we speculate about the most recent and ongoing discoveries that are prompting translational attempts to leverage brain macrophages as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for diseases that affect the brain.
文摘Macrophages are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis but are also abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In bothprimary tumors and metastases, such tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) seem to support tumor development. While we knowthat TAMs are the dominant immune cells in the TME, their vast heterogeneity and associated functions are only just beingunraveled. In this review, we outline the various known TAM populations found thus far and delineate their specialized rolesassociated with the main stages of cancer progression. We discuss how macrophages may prime the premetastatic niche to enablethe growth of a metastasis and then how subsequent metastasis-associated macrophages can support secondary tumor growth.Finally, we speculate on the challenges that remain to be overcome in TAM research.
