Correct measurement of environmental parameters is fundamental for plant fitness and survival,as well as for timing developmental transitions,including the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth.Important param...Correct measurement of environmental parameters is fundamental for plant fitness and survival,as well as for timing developmental transitions,including the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth.Important parameters that affect flowering time include day length(photoperiod)and temperature.Their response pathways have been best described in Arabidopsis,which currently offers a detailed conceptual framework and serves as a comparison for other species.Rice,the focus of this review,also possesses a photoperiodic flowering pathway,but 150 million years of divergent evolution in very different environments have diversified its molecular architecture.The ambient temperature perception pathway is strongly intertwined with the photoperiod pathway and essentially converges on the same genes to modify flowering time.When observing network topologies,it is evident that the rice flowering network is centered on EARLY HEADING DATE 1,a rice-specific transcriptional regulator.Here,we summarize the most important features of the rice photoperiodic flowering network,with an emphasis on its uniqueness,and discuss its connections with hormonal,temperature perception,and stress pathways.展开更多
Plants show an incredible diversity of forms,dimensions,archi-tectures,structures,and reproductive behaviors.Yet,they can be geometrically described as composed of simple building units called phytomers,which are prod...Plants show an incredible diversity of forms,dimensions,archi-tectures,structures,and reproductive behaviors.Yet,they can be geometrically described as composed of simple building units called phytomers,which are produced by the shoot apical meri-stem(SAM).A phytomer is made up of a node bearing a leaf and an axillary meristem,and of an internode connecting the node to the following phytomer.Piling of phytomers creates the plant body,similarly to a LEGO construction made of simple bricks.Modifications of the phytomeric unit creates diversity.The leaf can change in size and shape;the axillary meristem can be dormant or active,determinate or indeterminate;the internode can elongate considerably,or be compressed to the extent it might look invisible.展开更多
基金supported by funding from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation,Italy-Japan bilateral collaboration on Agrifood#PGR10097.
文摘Correct measurement of environmental parameters is fundamental for plant fitness and survival,as well as for timing developmental transitions,including the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth.Important parameters that affect flowering time include day length(photoperiod)and temperature.Their response pathways have been best described in Arabidopsis,which currently offers a detailed conceptual framework and serves as a comparison for other species.Rice,the focus of this review,also possesses a photoperiodic flowering pathway,but 150 million years of divergent evolution in very different environments have diversified its molecular architecture.The ambient temperature perception pathway is strongly intertwined with the photoperiod pathway and essentially converges on the same genes to modify flowering time.When observing network topologies,it is evident that the rice flowering network is centered on EARLY HEADING DATE 1,a rice-specific transcriptional regulator.Here,we summarize the most important features of the rice photoperiodic flowering network,with an emphasis on its uniqueness,and discuss its connections with hormonal,temperature perception,and stress pathways.
文摘Plants show an incredible diversity of forms,dimensions,archi-tectures,structures,and reproductive behaviors.Yet,they can be geometrically described as composed of simple building units called phytomers,which are produced by the shoot apical meri-stem(SAM).A phytomer is made up of a node bearing a leaf and an axillary meristem,and of an internode connecting the node to the following phytomer.Piling of phytomers creates the plant body,similarly to a LEGO construction made of simple bricks.Modifications of the phytomeric unit creates diversity.The leaf can change in size and shape;the axillary meristem can be dormant or active,determinate or indeterminate;the internode can elongate considerably,or be compressed to the extent it might look invisible.
