Biosphere reserves are protected areas whose purpose is to combine conservation and sustainable development.However,their effectiveness has not been tested sufficiently,especially from an ecological and genetic ap...Biosphere reserves are protected areas whose purpose is to combine conservation and sustainable development.However,their effectiveness has not been tested sufficiently,especially from an ecological and genetic approach.In this sense,the Peromyscus genus represents an excellent bioindicator to address these questions,due to its short life and high evolutionary rate and fecundity.For conservation managers,genetic structure can increase the rate of loss of genetic diversity because alleles exclusive of a subpopulation are more likely to disappear as a consequence of genetic drift in comparison with a panmictic population.Here we analyzed the abundance,movement distances,morphology/morphometry and genetic structure of 3 populations of Mexican deer mouse(Peromyscus mexicanus)located in different protected zones of La Tigra National Park(Honduras).Our results are consistent among the 3 approaches and showed the highest values of abundance,morphometry and genetic diversity in the population located at the core zone,whereas non-statistically significant differences were found between buffer and transition zone populations,suggesting suitable effectiveness of conservation management in the core zone but a lack of ecological buffering function of the other zones.In addition,the low movement distances and high genetic structure among the studied populations provide evidence of poor conservation management in the buffer and transition zone.Thus,we discuss the utility of the novel methodology used in this work,combining morphometry,abundance and genetics,in testing the effectiveness of conservation strategies in biosphere reserves,and the value of the Peromyscus genus as a bioindicator.展开更多
An optimal validation of a thematic map would ideally require in-situ observations of a large sample of units specifically conceived for the map under validation.This is often not possible due to budget limitations.Th...An optimal validation of a thematic map would ideally require in-situ observations of a large sample of units specifically conceived for the map under validation.This is often not possible due to budget limitations.The alternative can be using photo-interpretation of high or very high resolution images instead of in-situ observations or using available data sets that do not fully comply with the ideal characteristics:unit size,reference date or sampling plan.This paper illustrates some examples of use of available data in the European Union.For land cover maps,the best existing data set is probably Land Use/Cover Areaframe Survey(LUCAS)that has been conducted by Eurostat on four occasions since 2001.Because LUCAS is based on systematic sampling,advantages and limitations of systematic sampling are discussed.A fine-scale population density map is presented as an example of a situation in which reference data on a statistical sample cannot be collected.展开更多
文摘Biosphere reserves are protected areas whose purpose is to combine conservation and sustainable development.However,their effectiveness has not been tested sufficiently,especially from an ecological and genetic approach.In this sense,the Peromyscus genus represents an excellent bioindicator to address these questions,due to its short life and high evolutionary rate and fecundity.For conservation managers,genetic structure can increase the rate of loss of genetic diversity because alleles exclusive of a subpopulation are more likely to disappear as a consequence of genetic drift in comparison with a panmictic population.Here we analyzed the abundance,movement distances,morphology/morphometry and genetic structure of 3 populations of Mexican deer mouse(Peromyscus mexicanus)located in different protected zones of La Tigra National Park(Honduras).Our results are consistent among the 3 approaches and showed the highest values of abundance,morphometry and genetic diversity in the population located at the core zone,whereas non-statistically significant differences were found between buffer and transition zone populations,suggesting suitable effectiveness of conservation management in the core zone but a lack of ecological buffering function of the other zones.In addition,the low movement distances and high genetic structure among the studied populations provide evidence of poor conservation management in the buffer and transition zone.Thus,we discuss the utility of the novel methodology used in this work,combining morphometry,abundance and genetics,in testing the effectiveness of conservation strategies in biosphere reserves,and the value of the Peromyscus genus as a bioindicator.
文摘An optimal validation of a thematic map would ideally require in-situ observations of a large sample of units specifically conceived for the map under validation.This is often not possible due to budget limitations.The alternative can be using photo-interpretation of high or very high resolution images instead of in-situ observations or using available data sets that do not fully comply with the ideal characteristics:unit size,reference date or sampling plan.This paper illustrates some examples of use of available data in the European Union.For land cover maps,the best existing data set is probably Land Use/Cover Areaframe Survey(LUCAS)that has been conducted by Eurostat on four occasions since 2001.Because LUCAS is based on systematic sampling,advantages and limitations of systematic sampling are discussed.A fine-scale population density map is presented as an example of a situation in which reference data on a statistical sample cannot be collected.
