An optical method of experimentally quantifying the coating progress in a laboratory prismatic spouted bed is presented. Microcrystalline cellulose particles with size dp = 0.57 mm are used as core material. Waterborn...An optical method of experimentally quantifying the coating progress in a laboratory prismatic spouted bed is presented. Microcrystalline cellulose particles with size dp = 0.57 mm are used as core material. Waterborne coating suspensions with methylene blue as a dye are used and sprayed via a two-fluid nozzle in bottom-spray configuration. A high-speed camera with a color filter is positioned in front of the observation window of the three-dimensional plant and records the flow pattern in the process chamber with a certain frequency. With increasing surface coverage, the particles become bluer and darker. The change in brightness is detected by digital image analysis. In the implemented algorithm, the spherical particles are detected, cut from the background and normalized regarding their lighting and area. The detection of coated pixels on the single particles allows the calculation of the coating fraction and coating uniformity after a Kalman filter has been applied to reduce noise. It is shown that the method can be used to determine the time needed to reach the maximum blue value indicating a complete coating of the particle bed. Besides the minimum coating duration, information on the spraying performance (e.g., the time point of a possibly occurring blockage of the nozzle) can be obtained from the data. Two exemplary experiments are presented, showing a connection of the slope of the coating fraction and the uniformity of the coating of the particles in the apparatus that results in the recommendation of a slow liquid injection for obtaining consistent coating layers as desired in many applications.展开更多
The inter national conference Formula IX was held on 15-18 October, 2017 in Beijing, China, organized by Institute of Process Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Society of Particuology. This specia...The inter national conference Formula IX was held on 15-18 October, 2017 in Beijing, China, organized by Institute of Process Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Society of Particuology. This special issue “Particles Meet Formulation” in Particuology integrates selected papers of this conference contributing to multiscale approaches for description of formulation processes and complex targeted properties, aiming to reflect the state of art and cutting-edge tech no logies in this field.展开更多
The history of Formula conferences was summarized with a particular focus on Formula I and Formula Ⅸ (the first and last conferences of the series).The foundation of formulation during the middle of the 1980s by peop...The history of Formula conferences was summarized with a particular focus on Formula I and Formula Ⅸ (the first and last conferences of the series).The foundation of formulation during the middle of the 1980s by people from academia and industry in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering was briefly overviewed.The current trends in formulation as well as in product engineering were listed.展开更多
文摘An optical method of experimentally quantifying the coating progress in a laboratory prismatic spouted bed is presented. Microcrystalline cellulose particles with size dp = 0.57 mm are used as core material. Waterborne coating suspensions with methylene blue as a dye are used and sprayed via a two-fluid nozzle in bottom-spray configuration. A high-speed camera with a color filter is positioned in front of the observation window of the three-dimensional plant and records the flow pattern in the process chamber with a certain frequency. With increasing surface coverage, the particles become bluer and darker. The change in brightness is detected by digital image analysis. In the implemented algorithm, the spherical particles are detected, cut from the background and normalized regarding their lighting and area. The detection of coated pixels on the single particles allows the calculation of the coating fraction and coating uniformity after a Kalman filter has been applied to reduce noise. It is shown that the method can be used to determine the time needed to reach the maximum blue value indicating a complete coating of the particle bed. Besides the minimum coating duration, information on the spraying performance (e.g., the time point of a possibly occurring blockage of the nozzle) can be obtained from the data. Two exemplary experiments are presented, showing a connection of the slope of the coating fraction and the uniformity of the coating of the particles in the apparatus that results in the recommendation of a slow liquid injection for obtaining consistent coating layers as desired in many applications.
文摘The inter national conference Formula IX was held on 15-18 October, 2017 in Beijing, China, organized by Institute of Process Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Society of Particuology. This special issue “Particles Meet Formulation” in Particuology integrates selected papers of this conference contributing to multiscale approaches for description of formulation processes and complex targeted properties, aiming to reflect the state of art and cutting-edge tech no logies in this field.
文摘The history of Formula conferences was summarized with a particular focus on Formula I and Formula Ⅸ (the first and last conferences of the series).The foundation of formulation during the middle of the 1980s by people from academia and industry in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering was briefly overviewed.The current trends in formulation as well as in product engineering were listed.
