随着我国医疗技术的持续进步和国民平均寿命的明显延长,社会对康复服务和康复教育的期待也相应地达到了更高的层次。采取有效的教学模式才能培育出专业技术强、综合能力高的人才。《国际功能,残疾和健康分类》(international classifica...随着我国医疗技术的持续进步和国民平均寿命的明显延长,社会对康复服务和康复教育的期待也相应地达到了更高的层次。采取有效的教学模式才能培育出专业技术强、综合能力高的人才。《国际功能,残疾和健康分类》(international classification of functioning,disability and health,ICF)的核心理论建立在生物-心理-社会学的模式之上,基于ICF框架的教学模式,可以更好地以患者为中心。案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)是以具体实际案例为基础的教学法,可以充分发挥学生的主观能动性,加强学生自主分析解决问题的能力。情景模拟教学法是通过图片、视频等对临床中真实的情景进行模拟的教学方法,实现了理论与实践的接轨、素质教育与社会需要的接轨。基于ICF,将CBL和情景模拟教学法联合应用到康复医学研究生教育中,有利于提高教学质量,建立具有专业特色的康复医学研究生培养体系。展开更多
Autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the m...Autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the most common among the species surveyed in the present study,and the chelicerae were the most frequently lost appendages.After autotomy,hormones and signaling pathways are altered.Loss of limbs can affect foraging efficiency,although cheliped loss may be compensated by shifting to alternative prey or using both motor and oral appendages.In heterogeneous species,the loss of the major chelae may affect the selectivity of feeding.Autotomy can affect crustacean growth by reducing size increases at molting and altering the timing of ecdysis.In commercial production,removing chelicerae is an effective strategy to reduce cannibalism,and production of soft-shell crabs can be increased via autotomy.After autotomy,a new limb will regrow through regeneration and molting.This process involves the regulation of hormones,regrowth of nerves,and a number of signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and transforming growth factorβsignaling pathway.Crustaceans are somewhat different from vertebrates in terms of regeneration.This review provides theoretical guidance about autotomy and regeneration applied in artificial aquaculture,and we offer several suggestions for future research on autotomy and regeneration in crustaceans.展开更多
文摘随着我国医疗技术的持续进步和国民平均寿命的明显延长,社会对康复服务和康复教育的期待也相应地达到了更高的层次。采取有效的教学模式才能培育出专业技术强、综合能力高的人才。《国际功能,残疾和健康分类》(international classification of functioning,disability and health,ICF)的核心理论建立在生物-心理-社会学的模式之上,基于ICF框架的教学模式,可以更好地以患者为中心。案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)是以具体实际案例为基础的教学法,可以充分发挥学生的主观能动性,加强学生自主分析解决问题的能力。情景模拟教学法是通过图片、视频等对临床中真实的情景进行模拟的教学方法,实现了理论与实践的接轨、素质教育与社会需要的接轨。基于ICF,将CBL和情景模拟教学法联合应用到康复医学研究生教育中,有利于提高教学质量,建立具有专业特色的康复医学研究生培养体系。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32172993,42106104)the Ningbo Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.202003N4181).
文摘Autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the most common among the species surveyed in the present study,and the chelicerae were the most frequently lost appendages.After autotomy,hormones and signaling pathways are altered.Loss of limbs can affect foraging efficiency,although cheliped loss may be compensated by shifting to alternative prey or using both motor and oral appendages.In heterogeneous species,the loss of the major chelae may affect the selectivity of feeding.Autotomy can affect crustacean growth by reducing size increases at molting and altering the timing of ecdysis.In commercial production,removing chelicerae is an effective strategy to reduce cannibalism,and production of soft-shell crabs can be increased via autotomy.After autotomy,a new limb will regrow through regeneration and molting.This process involves the regulation of hormones,regrowth of nerves,and a number of signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and transforming growth factorβsignaling pathway.Crustaceans are somewhat different from vertebrates in terms of regeneration.This review provides theoretical guidance about autotomy and regeneration applied in artificial aquaculture,and we offer several suggestions for future research on autotomy and regeneration in crustaceans.
