World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Scalp Acupuncture

World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Scalp Acupuncture,was approved by WFAS,issued on October 9,2023,and officially implemented on December 31,2023.This technical benchmark specifies terms and definitions,scope of application,operation steps and requirements,security requirements,etc.In the development process,the actual clinical conditions of acupuncture and moxibustion in various countries have been fully considered.This technical benchmark is applicable to global acupuncture medical institutions,conducive to the standardized use of scalp acupuncture in clinical practice,and can promote the international dissemination of scalp acupuncture in a certain degree.

Scalp acupuncture for sleep disorder induced by pre-examination anxiety in undergraduates

Objective： To explore the therapeutic effects of scalp acupuncture on sleep disorder induced by preexamination anxiety in the undergraduates.Methods： A total of 60 undergraduates with sleep disorder induced by the final examination anxiety were randomized into three groups, named a control group（20 cases）, a traditional acupuncture group（20 cases） and a scalp acupuncture group（20 cases）. In the control group, no any treatment was given. In the traditional acupuncture group, acupuncture was given at Sìshéncōng（四神聪EX-HN1）, bilateral Shénmén（神门HT 7） and bilateral Sānyīnjiāo（三阴交SP 6）. The needles were manipulated with the even-needling technique and retained for 30 min. In the scalp acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to uppermiddle line of occiput（枕上正中线MS 12）, middle line of vertex（顶中线MS 5） and middle line of forehead（额中线MS 1）. The needles were manipulated with the even-needling technique and retained for 30 min.The treatment was given once a day and 5 treatments made one course. There were 2 days at interval among the courses. The therapeutic effects were analyzed statistically after 4 courses of treatment. Before and after treatment, the Hamilton anxiety scale（HAMA） and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）were adopted to evaluate the conditions of pre-examination anxiety and sleep in the patients.Results： In comparison of PSQI score, compared with those before treatment, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（12.95 ± 1.76 vs 15.95 ± 1.82） and in the traditional acupuncture group（13.75 ± 1.62 vs15.75±1.86） after 1-week of treatment were reduced（both P0.05）. Compared with control group, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（12.95 ± 1.76 vs15.78 ± 2.02） and in the traditional acupuncture group（13.75± 1.62 vs 15.78 ± 2.02） were better（both P〈0.05）. The difference was not significant between the scalp acupuncture group and the traditional acupuncture group（P0.05）. In 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as 1 week after treatment termination, compared with the control group at the same time point, the scores in the scalp acupuncture group（in 2-week treatment： 8.95 ± 1.88 vs 15.94 ± 1.89, in4-week treatment： 5.95 ± 1.05 vs 16.5 ± 1.95, 1 week after treatment termination： 4.7 ± 0.77 vs 9.78 ± 2.10）and the traditional acupuncture group（in 2-week treatment： 11.15 ± 1.31 vs 15.94 ± 1.89, in 4-week treatment： 8.05 ± 0.89 vs 16.5 ±1.95, 1 week after treatment termination： 6.25 ± 0.85 vs 9.78 ±2.10） were all lower（all P0.05） separately. The scores in the scalp acupuncture group were superior to the traditional acupuncture group（all P0.05）. In comparison of HAMD score, compared with those before treatment, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（22.4 ± 5.31 vs 25.2 ± 6.18） and in the traditional acupuncture group（22.4 ± 5.31 vs 25 ±5.97） after 1-week of treatment were reduced（both P〈0.05）.Compared with control group, the score in the scalp acupuncture group（22.4± 5.31 vs 23.28 ±5.53）and in the traditional acupuncture group（22.4± 5.31 vs 23.28 ±5.53） were better（both P〈0.05）. The difference was not significant between the scalp acupuncture group and the traditional acupuncture group（P0.05）. In 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, as well as 1 week after treatment termination, compared with the control group at the same time point, the scores in the scalp acupuncture group（in2-week treatment： 18.5 ±4.56 vs 24.22 ± 5.22, in 4-week treatment： 5.8 ±3.52 vs 21.22 ± 6.7,1 week after treatment termination： 4.55 ± 2.72 vs 11.78 ± 9.36） and the traditional acupuncture group（in 2-week treatment： 17.5 ± 4.59 vs 24.22 ± 5.22, in 4-week treatment： 6.95 ± 3.33 vs 21.22 ± 6.7, 1 week after treatment termination： 5.8 ± 2.76 vs 11.78 ± 9.36） were all lower（all P〈0.05） separately. The scores in the scalp acupuncture group were superior to the traditional acupuncture group（all P〈0.05）. In 4-week treatment and 1 week after treatment termination, compared with control group, the total effective rates in the traditional acupuncture group（in 4-week treatment： 95% vs 11%, 1 week after treatment termination： 100% vs 83.33%, both P〈0.05） and the scalp acupuncture group（in 4-week treatment： 95% vs 11%, 1 week after treatment termination： 100% vs 83.33%, both P〈0.05） were better and the difference was not significant between the traditional acupuncture group and the scalp acupuncture group（both P0.05）.Conclusion： Both scalp acupuncture and traditional acupuncture therapies are effective on sleep disorder induced by pre-examination anxiety in the undergraduates. The scalp acupuncture therapy achieves the better effects on the instant relief of symptoms.

Adsorption of Au(Ⅲ) by amino-modified monodispersed PGMA microspheres and deposition of gold nanoparticles

Monodispersed poly（glycidyl methacrylate）（PGMA） microspheres with various amounts of amino groups（PGMA-NH2） were used to adsorb Au（Ⅲ） from simulated wastewaters. Gold nanoparticle-coated PGMA functional microspheres can be directly obtained via the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics follows pseudo-second model, and 10 min is enough for reaching at equilibrium. The adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir model, and the adsorption amounts for Au（Ⅲ） are 8.25 and 21.75 mol·kg^-1 at 298 and 328 K, respectively. The relative separation coefficients between Au（Ⅲ）, Pt（Ⅵ）, Pd（Ⅱ）and Co（Ⅱ）, Cu（Ⅱ）; Ni（Ⅱ）, Fe（Ⅲ） are all higher than 100 when 1 〈 pH 〈 3. Furthermore, the characterization analysis of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry（TG-DSC）, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy（SEM-EDS）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） confirms that AuCl4^-has been reduced to Au^0 nanoparticles and deposited onto the surface of PGMA-NH2. The current work shows a good prospect for PGMA-NH2 to be a valid adsorbent for the recovery of gold and the possible fabrication of gold nanoparticles by reduction-deposition process without any reductant.