BACKGROUND： The use of fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis （2D-DIGE） has been shown to compensate for the shortcomings of conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, such as poor repeat...BACKGROUND： The use of fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis （2D-DIGE） has been shown to compensate for the shortcomings of conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, such as poor repeatability and large systematic errors. However, little information is presently available regarding the use of 2D-DIGE to investigate mechanisms of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Plasma and body fluids have been utilized in proteomic technology to study ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE： To perform proteomic analysis of fresh rat brain tissue in peripheral ischemic regions using 2D-DIGE 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）, and to identify specific proteins closely associated with early ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Proteomics-based, randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratories of Neurology and Proteomics, Jilin University between January and April 2006. MATERIALS： 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was purchased from Sigma, USA. Ettan DALTSix system, DeCyder DIA V5.0 differential analysis software, and Ettan matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer （MALDI-TOF-MS） were purchased from Amersham Bioscience, Sweden. METHODS： Eight healthy, male, Wistar rats were randomized to experimental and control groups, with four rats in each group. In the experimental group, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established by MCAO. In the control group, the internal and external carotid arteries were exposed and then immediately sutured, and the remaining procedures were identical to the experimental group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 6 hours after cerebral ischemia, protein expression in the peripheral ischemia region of the experimental group was compared with the control group using 2D-DIGE. Protein spots that exhibited statistical differences between experimental and control groups with 〉 1.4 attributable risk were screened using DeCyder DIA V5.0 differential analysis software. Differential proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. RESULTS： Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining results revealed pink, normal brain tissue and white, ischemic brain tissue, suggesting successful MCAO establishment. The average matching rate of four 2D-DIGE gels was 92.4%. There were （1 758 ± 43） protein spots on each gel, with similar distribution modes. At 6 hours after focal cerebral ischemia, 13 protein spots exhibited marked expression changes, including significantly increased （n = 7） and decreased （n = 6） expression （P 〈 0.05）. MALDI-TOF-MS results revealed two differential protein spots： a-tubulin and heat shock protein 27, which were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Thirteen protein spots with expression changes were revealed by 2D-DIGE proteomics technology. Of them, a-tubulin and heat shock protein 27 expressions were markedly decreased during the early stage of cerebral ischemia. These two proteins were presumed to be proteins associated with early ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.展开更多
A study of the Sm-Nd isotope composition of Honguleleng ophiolite in Xinjiang, China, isochron age ((626±25)Ma),εNd(t) = 8.40,and its model age (TNdDM) in the range of 1 180-1 208 Ma, indicates that the ophiolit...A study of the Sm-Nd isotope composition of Honguleleng ophiolite in Xinjiang, China, isochron age ((626±25)Ma),εNd(t) = 8.40,and its model age (TNdDM) in the range of 1 180-1 208 Ma, indicates that the ophiolite was formed in the late stage of the Upper Sinian. In combination with its facies association, petrochemistry, REE patterns, trace elements展开更多
Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting(RFRH)is known to be effective in controlling water loss and soil erosion,and increasing soil moisture and crop yield in semiarid regions.However,it can cause water-logging,ridge overt...Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting(RFRH)is known to be effective in controlling water loss and soil erosion,and increasing soil moisture and crop yield in semiarid regions.However,it can cause water-logging,ridge overtopping,and harvest failure if not properly designed.A four consecutive-year field trial was carried out to assess the impacts of various slope gradients and tillage practices on soil moisture,runoff,sediment yield,associated soil nutrient losses,fodder yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of alfalfa in the Loess Plateau,China.The trial adopted a split-plot design,taking slope gradient(5and 10)as main plot treatment and tillage practice(traditional tillage,open-ridging,and tied-ridging)as split-plot treatment,from 2015 to 2018.There were greater variations in runoff,sediment yield,and associ-ated soil nutrient losses than in fodder yield and WUE.Tied-ridging and open-ridging resulted in decreased runoff and reduced sediment transport and associated soil nutrient losses,and increased soil moisture,fodder yield,and WUE.Runoff,sediment transport,and associated soil nutrient losses inclined with increasing slope;while fodder yield and the WUE declined.For slopes of 5and 10,the average decrease in runoff,sediment yield,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter losses for open-ridging were 47.7e56.2%,91.0e92.7%,90.4e93.1%,90.1e92.2%,and 88.9e90.2%,respectively,while these for tied-ridging were 62.4e68.4%,94.5e96.4%,93.6e95.5%,93.9e95.9%,and 93.0e94.9%,over 4 years as compared with traditional tillage.The mean annual runoff,sediment,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter losses for slopes of 10were 1.31,1.96,1.87,1.99,and 1.64 times greater than the corresponding values for slopes of 5,respectively.The increase of fodder yield and WUE for open-ridging and tied-ridging was 40.1e45.6%and 16.0e17.5%,and 3.66e5.99 and 1.35e2.50 kg ha^(-1)mm^(-1),respectively,for slopes of 5and 10.The average fodder yield and WUE for slopes of 5were 1.19 and 1.23 times greater than corresponding values for slopes of 10,respectively.The disparities in fodder yield and WUE of alfalfa between slopes of 5and 10were not clear in dry years,but were evident in wet years.Tied-ridging was recommended for water and soil conservation,while open-ridging was recommended for increase of fodder yield and WUE of alfalfa.The implementation of RFRH in crop production should be evaluated by the use of a model in accordance with climatic conditions,soil type,and plant species.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30470588
文摘BACKGROUND： The use of fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis （2D-DIGE） has been shown to compensate for the shortcomings of conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, such as poor repeatability and large systematic errors. However, little information is presently available regarding the use of 2D-DIGE to investigate mechanisms of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Plasma and body fluids have been utilized in proteomic technology to study ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE： To perform proteomic analysis of fresh rat brain tissue in peripheral ischemic regions using 2D-DIGE 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）, and to identify specific proteins closely associated with early ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Proteomics-based, randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratories of Neurology and Proteomics, Jilin University between January and April 2006. MATERIALS： 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was purchased from Sigma, USA. Ettan DALTSix system, DeCyder DIA V5.0 differential analysis software, and Ettan matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer （MALDI-TOF-MS） were purchased from Amersham Bioscience, Sweden. METHODS： Eight healthy, male, Wistar rats were randomized to experimental and control groups, with four rats in each group. In the experimental group, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established by MCAO. In the control group, the internal and external carotid arteries were exposed and then immediately sutured, and the remaining procedures were identical to the experimental group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 6 hours after cerebral ischemia, protein expression in the peripheral ischemia region of the experimental group was compared with the control group using 2D-DIGE. Protein spots that exhibited statistical differences between experimental and control groups with 〉 1.4 attributable risk were screened using DeCyder DIA V5.0 differential analysis software. Differential proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. RESULTS： Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining results revealed pink, normal brain tissue and white, ischemic brain tissue, suggesting successful MCAO establishment. The average matching rate of four 2D-DIGE gels was 92.4%. There were （1 758 ± 43） protein spots on each gel, with similar distribution modes. At 6 hours after focal cerebral ischemia, 13 protein spots exhibited marked expression changes, including significantly increased （n = 7） and decreased （n = 6） expression （P 〈 0.05）. MALDI-TOF-MS results revealed two differential protein spots： a-tubulin and heat shock protein 27, which were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Thirteen protein spots with expression changes were revealed by 2D-DIGE proteomics technology. Of them, a-tubulin and heat shock protein 27 expressions were markedly decreased during the early stage of cerebral ischemia. These two proteins were presumed to be proteins associated with early ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
文摘A study of the Sm-Nd isotope composition of Honguleleng ophiolite in Xinjiang, China, isochron age ((626±25)Ma),εNd(t) = 8.40,and its model age (TNdDM) in the range of 1 180-1 208 Ma, indicates that the ophiolite was formed in the late stage of the Upper Sinian. In combination with its facies association, petrochemistry, REE patterns, trace elements
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42061050,41661059 and 41775107).
文摘Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting(RFRH)is known to be effective in controlling water loss and soil erosion,and increasing soil moisture and crop yield in semiarid regions.However,it can cause water-logging,ridge overtopping,and harvest failure if not properly designed.A four consecutive-year field trial was carried out to assess the impacts of various slope gradients and tillage practices on soil moisture,runoff,sediment yield,associated soil nutrient losses,fodder yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of alfalfa in the Loess Plateau,China.The trial adopted a split-plot design,taking slope gradient(5and 10)as main plot treatment and tillage practice(traditional tillage,open-ridging,and tied-ridging)as split-plot treatment,from 2015 to 2018.There were greater variations in runoff,sediment yield,and associ-ated soil nutrient losses than in fodder yield and WUE.Tied-ridging and open-ridging resulted in decreased runoff and reduced sediment transport and associated soil nutrient losses,and increased soil moisture,fodder yield,and WUE.Runoff,sediment transport,and associated soil nutrient losses inclined with increasing slope;while fodder yield and the WUE declined.For slopes of 5and 10,the average decrease in runoff,sediment yield,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter losses for open-ridging were 47.7e56.2%,91.0e92.7%,90.4e93.1%,90.1e92.2%,and 88.9e90.2%,respectively,while these for tied-ridging were 62.4e68.4%,94.5e96.4%,93.6e95.5%,93.9e95.9%,and 93.0e94.9%,over 4 years as compared with traditional tillage.The mean annual runoff,sediment,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter losses for slopes of 10were 1.31,1.96,1.87,1.99,and 1.64 times greater than the corresponding values for slopes of 5,respectively.The increase of fodder yield and WUE for open-ridging and tied-ridging was 40.1e45.6%and 16.0e17.5%,and 3.66e5.99 and 1.35e2.50 kg ha^(-1)mm^(-1),respectively,for slopes of 5and 10.The average fodder yield and WUE for slopes of 5were 1.19 and 1.23 times greater than corresponding values for slopes of 10,respectively.The disparities in fodder yield and WUE of alfalfa between slopes of 5and 10were not clear in dry years,but were evident in wet years.Tied-ridging was recommended for water and soil conservation,while open-ridging was recommended for increase of fodder yield and WUE of alfalfa.The implementation of RFRH in crop production should be evaluated by the use of a model in accordance with climatic conditions,soil type,and plant species.
