Furazan and furoxan represent fascinating explosophoric units with intriguing structures and unique properties.Compared with other nitrogen-rich heterocycles,most poly furazan and furoxan-based heterocycles demonstrat...Furazan and furoxan represent fascinating explosophoric units with intriguing structures and unique properties.Compared with other nitrogen-rich heterocycles,most poly furazan and furoxan-based heterocycles demonstrate superior energetic performances due to the higher enthalpy of formation and density levels.A large variety of advanced energetic materials have been achieved based on the combination of furazan and furoxan moieties with different kinds of linkers and this review provides an overview of the development of energetic poly furazan and furoxan structures during the past decades,with their physical properties and detonation characteristics summarized and compa red with traditional energetic materials.Various synthetic strategies towards these compact energetic structures are highlighted by covering the most important cyclization methods for construction of the hetercyclic scaffolds and the following modifications such as nitrations and oxidations.Given the synthetic availabilities and outstanding properties,energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures are undoubtedly listed as a promising candidate for the development of new-generation explosives,propellants and pyrotechnics.展开更多
基金financial support from the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21805223 and 21805226)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M633552)the China Scholarship Council(No.201805290006)。
文摘Furazan and furoxan represent fascinating explosophoric units with intriguing structures and unique properties.Compared with other nitrogen-rich heterocycles,most poly furazan and furoxan-based heterocycles demonstrate superior energetic performances due to the higher enthalpy of formation and density levels.A large variety of advanced energetic materials have been achieved based on the combination of furazan and furoxan moieties with different kinds of linkers and this review provides an overview of the development of energetic poly furazan and furoxan structures during the past decades,with their physical properties and detonation characteristics summarized and compa red with traditional energetic materials.Various synthetic strategies towards these compact energetic structures are highlighted by covering the most important cyclization methods for construction of the hetercyclic scaffolds and the following modifications such as nitrations and oxidations.Given the synthetic availabilities and outstanding properties,energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures are undoubtedly listed as a promising candidate for the development of new-generation explosives,propellants and pyrotechnics.
