Geographical Traceability of Clinacanthus nutans with Near-Infrared Pectroscopy and Chemometrics

In this study, a seed origin discrimination model for Clinacanthus nutans was developed. First, 81 C. nutans samples from three seed origin locations were collected, and their Near-Infrared (NIR) spectra were obtained. Next, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the NIR spectra of the 81 C. nutans samples. Then, MSC (multiplicative scatter correction), SNV (standard normal variate), first derivative, and second derivative pre-treatments of the C. nutans spectra were performed and combined with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for modelling and analysis. Among these methods, first-order derivative pre-treatment achieved the best SVM model effectiveness, with a training set accuracy of 93.44% (57/61) and a test set accuracy of 85.00% (17/20). In order to further improve the discrimination accuracy of the model, three optimization algorithms Grid Search (GS), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were employed to identify the best c and g parameters for the SVM model. The results demonstrated that the PSO optimization algorithm yielded the best parameters of c = 0.8343, g = 57.8741, with corresponding model training set the accuracy of 96.36% (60/61) and test set the accuracy of 95.00% (20/21). Therefore, developing a seed origin classification model for C. nutans based on NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is feasible and has the advantages of being simple, rapid, and green.

Identification and analysis of serum samples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with characteristic ratio method and PCA for gastric cancer detection

This study aimed to explore the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in the rapid diagnosis of gastric cancer.The SERS spectra of 68 serum samples from gastric cancer patients and healthy volunteers were acquired.The characteristic ratio method(CRM)and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to differentiate gastric cancer serum from normal serum.Compared with healthy volunteers,the serum SERS intensity of gastric cancer patients was relatively high at 722 cm^(-1),while it was relatively low at 588,644,861,1008,1235,1397,1445 and 1586 cm^(-1).These results indicated that the relative content of nucleic acids in the serum of gastric cancer patients rises while the relative content of amino acids and carbohydrates decreases.In PCA,the sensitivity and specificity of discriminating gastric cancer were 94.1%and 94.1%,respectively,with the accuracy of 94.1%.Based on the intensity ratios of four characteristic peaks at 722,861,1008 and 1397 cm^(-1),CRM presented the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100%and 97.4%,respectively,and the accuracy of 98.5%.Therefore,the three peak intensity ratios of I_(722)/I_(861),I_(722)/I_(1008)and I_(722)/I_(1397)can be considered as biologicalfingerprint information for gastric cancer diagnosis and can rapidly and directly reflect the physiological and pathological changes associated with gastric cancer development.This study provides an important basis and standards for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Classification of hyperspectral images for detection of hepatic carcinoma cells based on spectral-spatial features of nucleus

A distinguishing characteristic of normal and cancer cells is the difference in their nuclear chromatin content and distribution.This difference can be revealed by the transmission spectra of nuclei stained with a pH-sensitive stain.Here,we used hematoxylin-eosin(HE)to stain hepatic carcinoma tissues and obtained spectral-spatial data from their nuclei using hyper-spectral microscopy.The transmission spectra of the nuclei were then used to train a support vector machine(SVM)model for cell classification.Especially,we found that the chromatin distribution in cancer cells is more uniform,because of which the correlation coefficients for the spectra at different points in their nuclei are higher.Consequently,we exploited this feature to improve the SVM model.The sensitivity and specificity for the identification of cancer cells could be increased to 99%and 98%,respectively.We also designed an image-processing method for the extraction of information from cell nuclei to automate the identification process.

RPS15 interacted with IGF2BP1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development via recognizing m^(6)A modification

Increased rates of ribosome biogenesis have been recognized as hallmarks of many cancers and are associated with poor prognosis.Using a CRISPR synergistic activation mediator(SAM)system library targeting 89 ribosomal proteins(RPs)to screen for the most oncogenic functional RPs in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),we found that high expression of RPS15 correlates with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of ESCC.

多巴胺D4受体对正常屈光发育及形觉剥夺性近视小鼠的作用

目的:应用多巴胺D4受体(D4R)激动剂PD-168077和拮抗剂L-745870观察D4R在正常屈光发育以及形觉剥夺性近视(FDM)小鼠中的作用。方法:实验研究。将168只4周龄C57BL/6小鼠分为正常屈光发育组和FDM组(单眼剥夺,对侧眼为对照),每组又分为溶剂组和药物组(D4R激动剂PD-168077:1mg/kg和10mg/kg;D4R拮抗剂L-745870:1mg/kg和10mg/kg),所有动物给予2周的正常视觉环境或持续形觉剥夺及每日腹腔注射溶剂或药物,其中,正常屈光发育组在5周龄时给予视网膜电图(ERG)检测。所有动物均在实验前后测量屈光度、眼轴和角膜前表面曲率半径等生物学参数。采用配对t检验、单因素方差分析、重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析。结果:D4R激动剂PD-168077不影响正常屈光发育小鼠的屈光发育,而D4R拮抗剂L-745870只有在10mg/kg时才促进正常小鼠往远视方向漂移(P=0.047),但不影响眼轴等生物学参数。10mg/kgPD-168077在刺激强度为-0.699logcd·s·m^-2时升高了暗视ERG的OPs振幅(P=0.04),而L-745870对暗视、明视ERG的a波、b波和OPs波振幅均无明显影响。PD-168077促进FDM小鼠的近视进展(P=0.004),并伴随着玻璃体腔深度和眼轴的延长;L-745870可以抑制FDM小鼠的近视进展(P<0.001),同时抑制了玻璃体腔深度和眼轴的延长。前房深度、晶状体厚度、角膜曲率半径等参数不受实验因素的影响。结论:D4R受激动或拮抗对正常屈光发育小鼠的屈光发育无明显作用;但D4R受激动能促进FDM小鼠的近视进展而D4R受拮抗能抑制近视进展,提示D4R受抑制能减缓FDM小鼠的近视进展。

Dysregulated ceramides metabolism by fatty acid 2-hydroxylase exposes a metabolic vulnerability to target cancer metastasis

Whereas it is appreciated that cancer cells rewire lipid metabolism to survive and propagate,the roles of lipid metabolism in metastasis remain largely unknown.In this study,using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)as a pulmonary metastasis model,we find that the enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase(FA2H),which catalyzes the hydroxylation of free fatty acids(FAs),is enriched in a subpopulation of ESCC cells with high metastatic potential,and that FA2H knockdown markedly mitigates metastatic lesions.Moreover,increased FA2H expression is positively associated with poor survival in patients with ESCC.Lipidomics analysis identifies that two dihydroceramides—Cer(d18:0/24:0)and Cer(d18:0/24:1)—are increased in FA2H-depleted metastasizing ESCC cells.Upon administration,Cer(d18:0/24:0)and Cer(d18:0/24:1)impair the formation of overt metastases in a mouse experimental metastasis model.Then,forkhead box protein C2(FOXC2)and FA2H are found to be co-upregulated in metastatic ESCC cell populations and ESCC specimens,and FA2H expression is further experimentally verified to be transcriptionally induced by FOXC2,which is boosted per se by tumour necrosis factorα(TNFα),a critical pro-metastasis cytokine in the tumour microenvironment,in metastasizing cells.Together,these results demonstrate that TNFα-FOXC2-FA2H is a novel signaling axis to promote metastasis,and its downstream dihydroceramide products could be promising drugs to intervene in metastasis.

The deubiquitinase USP11 promotes ovarian cancer chemoresistance by stabilizing BIP

Dear Editor,Chemoresistance is a major problem in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients and leads to poor prognosis,but its underlying mechanism remains elusive.Accumulating evidences have found that the aberrant regulation of the protein ubiquitination pathway plays an essential role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance.13 However,it is unclear whether and how deubiquitinase-USP11 involves in ovarian cancer chemoresistance.

Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia

Reduced levels of retinal dopamine,a key regulator of eye development,are associated with experimental myopia in various species,but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice,which are deficient in melatonin,a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine.Here,we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia(FDM)and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice.We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes,which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels.When melatonin receptors were pharmacologically blocked,FDM could still be induced,but its magnitude was reduced,and retinal dopamine levels were no longer altered in FDM animals,indicating that melatonin-related changes in retinal dopamine levels contribute to FDM.Thus,FDM is mediated by both dopamine level-independent and melatonin-related dopamine level-dependent mechanisms in CBA/CaJ mice.The previously reported unaltered retinal dopamine levels in myopic C57BL/6 mice may be attributed to melatonin deficiency.