Carbendazim,belonging to fungicides,was commonly used for controlling crop diseases,resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables.Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and r...Carbendazim,belonging to fungicides,was commonly used for controlling crop diseases,resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables.Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and reducing pollutant contents.However,the effect of washing on the removal of carbendazim in apples was not systemically studied.Thus,in this study,an analytical method was firstly established for the determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision through quick,simple,cheap,effective and safe(QuEChERS)method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(UPLC-FLD).Then,the influencing factors were systematically researched to unveil their effects on the carbendazim residue in apples.The results indicated that water temperature,washing products and washing method could obviously affect the carbendazim content in apples.In addition,the best cleaning scheme for removal of carbendazim was soaking apples for 5 min in a cleaning solution,which was prepared by dissolving 8 g of commercial fruit washing soup with 500 ml of water at 45℃.Under this condition,the removal rate of carbendazim in the washing step reached 73.91%.This study will be helpful for providing guidance for household cleaning methods for controlling pesticide residues.展开更多
Heuristic optimization methods provide a robust and efficient approach to solving complex optimization problems.This paper presents a hybrid optimization technique combining two heuristic optimization methods,artifici...Heuristic optimization methods provide a robust and efficient approach to solving complex optimization problems.This paper presents a hybrid optimization technique combining two heuristic optimization methods,artificial immune system（AIS） and particle swarm optimization（PSO）,together in searching for the global optima of nonlinear functions.The proposed algorithm,namely hybrid anti-prematuration optimization method,contains four significant operators,i.e.swarm operator,cloning operator,suppression operator,and receptor editing operator.The swarm operator is inspired by the particle swarm intelligence,and the clone operator,suppression operator,and receptor editing operator are gleaned by the artificial immune system.The simulation results of three representative nonlinear test functions demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid optimization algorithm over the conventional methods with regard to both the solution quality and convergence rate.It is also employed to cope with a real-world optimization problem.展开更多
Lithium oxalyldifluoroborate （LiODFB） was synthesized in dimethyl carbonate solvent and purified by the method of solvent-out crystallization. The structure characterization and thermal stability of LiODFB were perf...Lithium oxalyldifluoroborate （LiODFB） was synthesized in dimethyl carbonate solvent and purified by the method of solvent-out crystallization. The structure characterization and thermal stability of LiODFB were performed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrometry and thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA）. LiODFB was exposed to 50% humid air at 25 ℃for different time, then dried at 80 ℃ for 12 h, and the electrochemical properties of the cells using 1 mol/L dried LiODFB in ethylene carbonate -I- dimethyl carbonate ＋ ethyl（methyl）carbonate were investigated. The results showed that, pure crystallization LiODFB was obtained; it had good thermal stability with a thermal decomposition temperature of 248 ℃; when it was exposed to humid air, it was firstly converted into LiODFB.H20; with increasing exposure time, more and stronger impurity peaks in the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of LiODFB were observed, and both the discharge specific capacity and the capacity retention decreased gradually.展开更多
基金Supported by Course Construction Project of Huanggang Normal University(2022KC20)Training Program of the Major Research Plan of Huanggang Normal University(202211604).
文摘Carbendazim,belonging to fungicides,was commonly used for controlling crop diseases,resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables.Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and reducing pollutant contents.However,the effect of washing on the removal of carbendazim in apples was not systemically studied.Thus,in this study,an analytical method was firstly established for the determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision through quick,simple,cheap,effective and safe(QuEChERS)method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(UPLC-FLD).Then,the influencing factors were systematically researched to unveil their effects on the carbendazim residue in apples.The results indicated that water temperature,washing products and washing method could obviously affect the carbendazim content in apples.In addition,the best cleaning scheme for removal of carbendazim was soaking apples for 5 min in a cleaning solution,which was prepared by dissolving 8 g of commercial fruit washing soup with 500 ml of water at 45℃.Under this condition,the removal rate of carbendazim in the washing step reached 73.91%.This study will be helpful for providing guidance for household cleaning methods for controlling pesticide residues.
文摘Heuristic optimization methods provide a robust and efficient approach to solving complex optimization problems.This paper presents a hybrid optimization technique combining two heuristic optimization methods,artificial immune system（AIS） and particle swarm optimization（PSO）,together in searching for the global optima of nonlinear functions.The proposed algorithm,namely hybrid anti-prematuration optimization method,contains four significant operators,i.e.swarm operator,cloning operator,suppression operator,and receptor editing operator.The swarm operator is inspired by the particle swarm intelligence,and the clone operator,suppression operator,and receptor editing operator are gleaned by the artificial immune system.The simulation results of three representative nonlinear test functions demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid optimization algorithm over the conventional methods with regard to both the solution quality and convergence rate.It is also employed to cope with a real-world optimization problem.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Changsha, China (No. k1201039-11)
文摘Lithium oxalyldifluoroborate （LiODFB） was synthesized in dimethyl carbonate solvent and purified by the method of solvent-out crystallization. The structure characterization and thermal stability of LiODFB were performed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrometry and thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA）. LiODFB was exposed to 50% humid air at 25 ℃for different time, then dried at 80 ℃ for 12 h, and the electrochemical properties of the cells using 1 mol/L dried LiODFB in ethylene carbonate -I- dimethyl carbonate ＋ ethyl（methyl）carbonate were investigated. The results showed that, pure crystallization LiODFB was obtained; it had good thermal stability with a thermal decomposition temperature of 248 ℃; when it was exposed to humid air, it was firstly converted into LiODFB.H20; with increasing exposure time, more and stronger impurity peaks in the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of LiODFB were observed, and both the discharge specific capacity and the capacity retention decreased gradually.
