The ramp wave compression experiments of iron with different thicknesses were performed on the magnetically driven ramp loading device CQ-4.Numerical simulations of this process were done with Hayes multi-phase equati...The ramp wave compression experiments of iron with different thicknesses were performed on the magnetically driven ramp loading device CQ-4.Numerical simulations of this process were done with Hayes multi-phase equation of state (H-MEOS) and dynamic equations of phase transition.The calculated results of H-MEOS are in good agreement with those of shock phase transition,but are different from those under ramp wave compression.The reason for this is that the bulk modulus of the material in the Hayes model and the wave velocity are considered constant.Shock compression is a jump from the initial state to the final state,and the sound speed is related to the slope of the Rayleigh line.However,ramp compression is a continuous process,and the bulk modulus is no longer a constant but a function of pressure and temperature.Based on Mumaghan equation of state,the first-order correction of the bulk modulus on pressure in the Hayes model was carried out.The numerical results of the corrected H-MEOS agree well with those of pure iron in both ramp and shock compression phase transition experiments.The calculated results show that the relaxation time of iron is about 30 ns and the phase transition pressure is about 13 GPa.There are obvious differences between the isentropic and adiabatic process in terms of pressure-specific volume and temperature-pressure.The fluctuation of the sound speed after 13 GPa is caused by the phase transition.展开更多
1 Introduction Recently there had considerable interest in Li4Ti5O12 as a potential anode for use in Li-ion batteries. Usually, it was used as an anode combined with a high voltage cathode[1-5]. It has many advantages...1 Introduction Recently there had considerable interest in Li4Ti5O12 as a potential anode for use in Li-ion batteries. Usually, it was used as an anode combined with a high voltage cathode[1-5]. It has many advantages compared to the currently used graphite. For example, it presents virtually unlimited cycle life due to zero strain or volume change when lithium intercalates into and de-intercalates from[6]. Generally, Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by a solid-state reaction from stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3...展开更多
1 Results 3-dimensionally ordered mesoporous materials have been used as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries to improve their electrochemical performance by decreasing the polarization during cycling.Our syn...1 Results 3-dimensionally ordered mesoporous materials have been used as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries to improve their electrochemical performance by decreasing the polarization during cycling.Our synthesize nanoporous TiO2 particles without substrate present enhanced cycle performance compared with that of previous reports[1]. Here we report our results referring to that nanoporous TiO2 materials with different pore sizes exhibit different electrochemical performance.The detail procedu...展开更多
1 Introduction A new type of rechargeable lithium ion battery with an aqueous electrolyte was announced by W. Li et al. in 1994[1].This type of battery uses the lithium intercalation compounds LiMn2O4 and VO2 as elect...1 Introduction A new type of rechargeable lithium ion battery with an aqueous electrolyte was announced by W. Li et al. in 1994[1].This type of battery uses the lithium intercalation compounds LiMn2O4 and VO2 as electrode materials and an alkaline aqueous electrolytic solution. By this combination, the disadvantages of the non-aqueous Li-ion battery type, i.e. high cost and safety problems could be faded away[2]. So this type of aqueous Li-ion battery was regarded as the promising power for electric veh...展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11327803)the project of Youth Innovation of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(Grant 2016TD0022)the National Challenging Plan(Grant JCKY2016212A501).
文摘The ramp wave compression experiments of iron with different thicknesses were performed on the magnetically driven ramp loading device CQ-4.Numerical simulations of this process were done with Hayes multi-phase equation of state (H-MEOS) and dynamic equations of phase transition.The calculated results of H-MEOS are in good agreement with those of shock phase transition,but are different from those under ramp wave compression.The reason for this is that the bulk modulus of the material in the Hayes model and the wave velocity are considered constant.Shock compression is a jump from the initial state to the final state,and the sound speed is related to the slope of the Rayleigh line.However,ramp compression is a continuous process,and the bulk modulus is no longer a constant but a function of pressure and temperature.Based on Mumaghan equation of state,the first-order correction of the bulk modulus on pressure in the Hayes model was carried out.The numerical results of the corrected H-MEOS agree well with those of pure iron in both ramp and shock compression phase transition experiments.The calculated results show that the relaxation time of iron is about 30 ns and the phase transition pressure is about 13 GPa.There are obvious differences between the isentropic and adiabatic process in terms of pressure-specific volume and temperature-pressure.The fluctuation of the sound speed after 13 GPa is caused by the phase transition.
文摘1 Introduction Recently there had considerable interest in Li4Ti5O12 as a potential anode for use in Li-ion batteries. Usually, it was used as an anode combined with a high voltage cathode[1-5]. It has many advantages compared to the currently used graphite. For example, it presents virtually unlimited cycle life due to zero strain or volume change when lithium intercalates into and de-intercalates from[6]. Generally, Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by a solid-state reaction from stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3...
文摘1 Results 3-dimensionally ordered mesoporous materials have been used as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries to improve their electrochemical performance by decreasing the polarization during cycling.Our synthesize nanoporous TiO2 particles without substrate present enhanced cycle performance compared with that of previous reports[1]. Here we report our results referring to that nanoporous TiO2 materials with different pore sizes exhibit different electrochemical performance.The detail procedu...
文摘1 Introduction A new type of rechargeable lithium ion battery with an aqueous electrolyte was announced by W. Li et al. in 1994[1].This type of battery uses the lithium intercalation compounds LiMn2O4 and VO2 as electrode materials and an alkaline aqueous electrolytic solution. By this combination, the disadvantages of the non-aqueous Li-ion battery type, i.e. high cost and safety problems could be faded away[2]. So this type of aqueous Li-ion battery was regarded as the promising power for electric veh...
