采用Box-Benhnken响应面法优化致命鹅膏α-鹅膏毒肽超声波提取工艺

通过单因素实验考察提取次数、超声波处理时间、甲醇体积浓度、超声波功率和料液比对致命鹅膏(Amanita exitialis)α-鹅膏毒肽提取得率的影响,获得关键因素及其最佳条件,再采用Box-Benhnken响应面法优化α-鹅膏毒肽超声波提取工艺。研究结果表明:致命鹅膏α-鹅膏毒肽最佳提取工艺为提取2次、超声波处理15 min、甲醇体积浓度35%、超声波功率300 W、料液比1∶20(g∶mL),α-鹅膏毒肽提取得率为3.33 mg·g^(-1)干重,与预测值3.30 mg·g^(-1)干重无显著差异(P>0.05),说明获得的最佳提取工艺稳定、可行。

Bioactive Components of Cordyceps taii and Their Immune Functions in Mice

The polysaccharide,adenosine and mannitol components of Cordyceps taii collected from the wild were determined,and the effects of aqueous C.taii extracts on immune functions in mice were investigated using carbon clearance and delayed-type hypersensitivity testing(DTH),and by determining thymic and splenic indices.Polysaccharide,adenosine and mannitol levels in C.taii were 36.20 mg/g,0.27 mg/g and 80.20 mg/g,respectively.Aqueous C.taii extracts partially alleviated the suppressive effects on the thymic and splenic indices caused by cyclophosphamide,and increased nonspecific immunity and cellular immune functions.Toxicity tests revealed that the LD50 for aqueous C.taii extract on oral administration was >69.42 g/kg.

梅州市一起致命鹅膏中毒事件的调查与分析

目的调查2022年广东省梅州市发生的一起毒蘑菇中毒事件,为毒蘑菇中毒的防控提供科学依据。方法对中毒原因开展流行病学调查,对可疑毒蘑菇样品进行鉴定,同时测定毒蘑菇样品和患者血液与尿液中的毒素。结果本次毒蘑菇中毒事件4人均出现中毒症状,经治疗均治愈出院。涉事蘑菇样品经鉴定为致命鹅膏(Amanita exitialis)。剩余毒蘑菇汤、已煮毒蘑菇子实体、未煮毒蘑菇子实体残余组织和事发地采集的毒蘑菇中均检出α-鹅膏毒肽;患者血液和尿样样本中均未检出α-鹅膏毒肽。结论本次事件是因误食致命鹅膏引起的中毒事件,当地村民食品安全防范意识薄弱,需加强对野生蘑菇知识的普及,建立毒蘑菇中毒快速检测技术体系,减少毒蘑菇中毒和死亡事件的发生。