An important military city of the Early Western Zhou Dynasty:Archaeobotanical evidence from the Chenzhuang site,Gaoqing,Shandong Province

In ancient Chinese history,the Western Zhou Dynasty has long been renowned for having expanded its control and territory into many other states.However,historical documents and archaeological records of this period are limited;thus the early history of the Western Zhou Dynasty's operation in eastern China and its establishment of the Qi and Lu states have been unclear.The discovery of the Chenzhuang city site in Gaoqing County,Shandong Province,with chariot-horse pits,an altar and bronze vessels with inscriptions,adds a new line of evidence for studying the history of this period.However,with no direct evidence,the nature of the city site is controversial.Plant remains,especially a large number of sweet clover seeds,recovered from this site by systematic archaeobotanical methods provide an important source of information for research into the site's function.Considering that modern sweet clover is superior fodder for horses and the sweet clover seeds from the Chenzhuang site coexist with chariot-horse pits and horse remains,it is suggested these sweet clover seeds might represent the fodder of battle steeds.This suggestion supports the opinion of those who believe the Chenzhuang city site was once an important military city of the Western Zhou Dynasty in eastern China.

社会与环境因素影响中国新石器时代晚期大汶口文化的食物选择

考古学文化通常是根据某一特定时空范围内遗址出土陶器组合的类型来定义的。一般认为,同一考古学文化有相似的文化传统、社会组织以及生活方式等。然而,在大汶口文化的不同遗址中,陶器组合、墓葬、房屋建造技术和生存策略等均存在一定的差异。本文应用稳定同位素、植物考古和动物考古的分方法揭示了大汶口文化中晚期的饮食多样性。研究表明,在大汶口文化的中晚期,在不同遗址之间和遗址内部先民的饮食结构存在明显的共时性和历时性变化。造成这些差异的原因可能包括环境因素的制约(如温度、降水、局部地貌)和社会因素(如性别、社会地位和族群)等。

山东高青县陈庄西周遗址M36车马器表面彩绘的科学分析

文物彩绘的分析对其制作工艺的研究及保护均具有重要意义。为了探究山东高青县陈庄遗址M36中彩绘颜料及胶料的成分,实验使用X射线荧光光谱仪(X Ray Fluorescence,XRF)、气相色谱/质谱联用仪(Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer,GC/MS)对彩绘颜料及胶接材料进行了分析。根据颜料的元素组成确定了红色颜料为铅丹,根据胶料的氨基酸百分比结合主成分分析确定了胶接材料为动物胶。并进一步通过和参比样品散点位置的比较,结合因子载荷矩阵图,发现了文物样品胶料中脯氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸等氨基酸的相对含量发生了改变。得出了该彩绘是由铅丹一动物胶共混体系绘制而成,且在埋藏过程中动物胶发生了一定程度降解的结论。

大汶口遗址环境考古调查报告

2018年春季对大汶口遗址大汶河两岸地区进行了环境考古调查,在大汶口遗址公园西侧发现一处含有大汶口文化、周代地层的剖面,根据对剖面采集样品的土壤微形态观察结合调查收获,对大汶口遗址的环境复原得出了以下几点认识:一是大汶口文化时期聚落在雨季容易受洪水威胁;二是大汶口文化时期人类曾开发过大汶口遗址公园西侧的剖面所在区域;三是大汶口文化时期食物生产与觅食行为并存的生计方式,是人类适应聚落周围环境的结果。