临空高超声速飞行器(Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle,NSHV)具备复杂的运动模式和高动态特点,传统的威胁评估方法运用于NSHV时在评估要素选取和评估动态性等方面存在不足。从NSHV的飞行路径入手,将其划分为3个主要的飞行阶段,通过分析其...临空高超声速飞行器(Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle,NSHV)具备复杂的运动模式和高动态特点,传统的威胁评估方法运用于NSHV时在评估要素选取和评估动态性等方面存在不足。从NSHV的飞行路径入手,将其划分为3个主要的飞行阶段,通过分析其各阶段运动特点和预警探测、拦截能力等因素,基于贝叶斯推理、决策理论建立起NSHV多阶段威胁评估模型,并通过先验概率将各阶段进行关联,保证了评估的继承性,最终建立典型场景进行仿真验证,仿真结果反映的威胁变化符合NSHV的作战特点和所给观测数据,证明该方法更适应NSHV的动态特性,能够为指挥员进行防御作战辅助决策提供支持。展开更多
Black rockfi sh Sebastes schlegelii juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of calcein(CAL) solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S(ARS) solutions at concentration...Black rockfi sh Sebastes schlegelii juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of calcein(CAL) solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S(ARS) solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in fi ltered seawater(salinity 30) for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fi n rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fi n rays), and fi n spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fi n spines) after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50–100 mg/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fi n spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fi n spines of fi sh immersed in 200–500 mg/L, 300–500 mg/L, and 200–500 mg/L ARS, respectively. Scales and fi n rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥200 mg/L ARS for fi n rays). The mark quality was highest(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) in fi sh immersed in 150–250 mg/L CAL or 300–500 mg/L ARS. In addition, there was no signifi cant difference in survival and growth of marked fi sh compared with controls 60 d post-marking( P >0.05).展开更多
Simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were obtained for the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea using 1 205 expressed sequences tags （ESTs） from the NCBI database.Primers for 48 ESTSSR loci were designed and ...Simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were obtained for the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea using 1 205 expressed sequences tags （ESTs） from the NCBI database.Primers for 48 ESTSSR loci were designed and screened with 30 P.crocea specimens captured from Guanjingyang sea area in Fujian Province of China.Sixteen of the loci were polymorphic,which were amplified with 3 to 11 alleles per locus and the mean of 6.13.The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.091 to 0.844 （mean 0.544） and from 0.118 to 0.892 （mean 0.644）,respectively.Polymorphic information content （PIC） ranged from 0.115 to 0.866 （mean 0.593）.The results for cross-species amplification of the 16 large yellow croaker EST-SSRs on P.polyactis,C.niveatus,C.lucidus,A.argentatus and J.belengeri revealed that 14,12,11,7 and 6 loci were successfully amplified with 1 to 10 alleles with an average of 4.5 per locus,respectively,which are suitable for population genetics studies of these species and useful for phylogenetic relationship analysis among these species.Overall,this study provides a set of type I markers for population genetics studies and genome mapping for large yellow croaker and its closely related species.展开更多
Pholis fangi is an ecologically important fish species inhabiting Chinese coastal waters of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. To investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. fangi, a fragment of 48...Pholis fangi is an ecologically important fish species inhabiting Chinese coastal waters of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. To investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. fangi, a fragment of 487 bp in the first hypervariable region (HVR-1) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced for 181 individuals collected from Bohai Sea and Yel- low Sea. A total of 18 polymorphic sites were detected, which defined 25 haplotypes. A moderate level of haplotype diversity (h = 0.7052) and a low level of nucleotide diversity (π= 0.0028) were detected. Both the phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network showed no significant genealogical structure difference among sampling locations. Pairwise FST comparison and hierarchical mo- lecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed that no significant genetic structure difference existed throughout the investigated re- gions, suggesting a high gene exchange among different populations. The results of neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis indicated that a late Pleistocene population expansion (38000 127000 years ago) happened. Seasonal schooling migration may con- tribute to the genetically homogeneous population structure of the species.展开更多
Twenty microsatellite markers （ Pol, Po13, Po33, Po35, Po42, Po48, Po56, Po89, Po91, kop6, kop7, kop8, kop12, kop15, kop18, kop21, kop22, kop23, kop26, Po-str1 ） were used to assess the meiogynogenetic and mitogynog...Twenty microsatellite markers （ Pol, Po13, Po33, Po35, Po42, Po48, Po56, Po89, Po91, kop6, kop7, kop8, kop12, kop15, kop18, kop21, kop22, kop23, kop26, Po-str1 ） were used to assess the meiogynogenetic and mitogynogenetic stocks of the lefteyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, which were derived from single pair crossing. Twelve of the 20 loci utilized showed heterozygosity in the female and were mapped in relation to their centromeres in the meiogynogenetic diploid flounder. Microsatellitecentromere map distance, calculated under the assumption of complete interference, ranged from 15. 8 cM for kop22 to 50 cM for Po13, Po56 and Po89. Excluding the kop22, the heterozygosities of the rest of the loci were close to 100% , suggesting the occurrence of near complete interference on the chromosome arms that carried these loci. In the mitogynogenetic diploid flounder, each individual showed exact homozygousity and the segregation profiles did not deviate from the Mendelian 1：1 pattern. The results indicated that there was no lethal gene linked with the loci analyzed. Such high interference accounted for the high recombination rates and large map distances. The Po13 and Po56 loci, Po91 and kopl8 loci, kopl5 and kop21 loci are tightly linked on the same chromosome arm in pairs.展开更多
Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate genetic structures of four populations (Dandong, Rizhao, Ningbo and Guangzhou) of redlip mullet (Chelon haematocheilus). Fourteen loci of ten enzymes (G3PD...Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate genetic structures of four populations (Dandong, Rizhao, Ningbo and Guangzhou) of redlip mullet (Chelon haematocheilus). Fourteen loci of ten enzymes (G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH, and SOD) were identified. The proportions of polymorphic loci varied from 0.07 to 0.14. The average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 and from 0.02 to 0.04 respectively among the 4 populations. The average number of efficient alleles of each locus varied from 1.02 to 1.06. The genetic distance among populations was from 0.0004 to 0.0021. The genetic distances between Dandong, Rizhao and Ningbo populations were small, while those between Guangzhou population and other three populations were relatively high. The result indicated the possible divergence of redlip mullet between the South China Sea and the other sea areas of China due to geographic isolation.展开更多
文摘临空高超声速飞行器(Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle,NSHV)具备复杂的运动模式和高动态特点,传统的威胁评估方法运用于NSHV时在评估要素选取和评估动态性等方面存在不足。从NSHV的飞行路径入手,将其划分为3个主要的飞行阶段,通过分析其各阶段运动特点和预警探测、拦截能力等因素,基于贝叶斯推理、决策理论建立起NSHV多阶段威胁评估模型,并通过先验概率将各阶段进行关联,保证了评估的继承性,最终建立典型场景进行仿真验证,仿真结果反映的威胁变化符合NSHV的作战特点和所给观测数据,证明该方法更适应NSHV的动态特性,能够为指挥员进行防御作战辅助决策提供支持。
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31172447,41176117)
文摘Black rockfi sh Sebastes schlegelii juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of calcein(CAL) solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S(ARS) solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in fi ltered seawater(salinity 30) for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fi n rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fi n rays), and fi n spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fi n spines) after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50–100 mg/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fi n spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fi n spines of fi sh immersed in 200–500 mg/L, 300–500 mg/L, and 200–500 mg/L ARS, respectively. Scales and fi n rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥200 mg/L ARS for fi n rays). The mark quality was highest(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) in fi sh immersed in 150–250 mg/L CAL or 300–500 mg/L ARS. In addition, there was no signifi cant difference in survival and growth of marked fi sh compared with controls 60 d post-marking( P >0.05).
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) under contract Nos 2006AA10A405 and 2006AA09Z418the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 30771663 and 30471329the Foundation for Innovation Research Team of Jimei University,China under contract No.2006A001
文摘Simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were obtained for the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea using 1 205 expressed sequences tags （ESTs） from the NCBI database.Primers for 48 ESTSSR loci were designed and screened with 30 P.crocea specimens captured from Guanjingyang sea area in Fujian Province of China.Sixteen of the loci were polymorphic,which were amplified with 3 to 11 alleles per locus and the mean of 6.13.The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.091 to 0.844 （mean 0.544） and from 0.118 to 0.892 （mean 0.644）,respectively.Polymorphic information content （PIC） ranged from 0.115 to 0.866 （mean 0.593）.The results for cross-species amplification of the 16 large yellow croaker EST-SSRs on P.polyactis,C.niveatus,C.lucidus,A.argentatus and J.belengeri revealed that 14,12,11,7 and 6 loci were successfully amplified with 1 to 10 alleles with an average of 4.5 per locus,respectively,which are suitable for population genetics studies of these species and useful for phylogenetic relationship analysis among these species.Overall,this study provides a set of type I markers for population genetics studies and genome mapping for large yellow croaker and its closely related species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41776171)
文摘Pholis fangi is an ecologically important fish species inhabiting Chinese coastal waters of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. To investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. fangi, a fragment of 487 bp in the first hypervariable region (HVR-1) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced for 181 individuals collected from Bohai Sea and Yel- low Sea. A total of 18 polymorphic sites were detected, which defined 25 haplotypes. A moderate level of haplotype diversity (h = 0.7052) and a low level of nucleotide diversity (π= 0.0028) were detected. Both the phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network showed no significant genealogical structure difference among sampling locations. Pairwise FST comparison and hierarchical mo- lecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed that no significant genetic structure difference existed throughout the investigated re- gions, suggesting a high gene exchange among different populations. The results of neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis indicated that a late Pleistocene population expansion (38000 127000 years ago) happened. Seasonal schooling migration may con- tribute to the genetically homogeneous population structure of the species.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 30271036 and 30571445the National"863"High Technology Research Foundation of China under contract No2006AA10A404the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Twenty microsatellite markers （ Pol, Po13, Po33, Po35, Po42, Po48, Po56, Po89, Po91, kop6, kop7, kop8, kop12, kop15, kop18, kop21, kop22, kop23, kop26, Po-str1 ） were used to assess the meiogynogenetic and mitogynogenetic stocks of the lefteyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, which were derived from single pair crossing. Twelve of the 20 loci utilized showed heterozygosity in the female and were mapped in relation to their centromeres in the meiogynogenetic diploid flounder. Microsatellitecentromere map distance, calculated under the assumption of complete interference, ranged from 15. 8 cM for kop22 to 50 cM for Po13, Po56 and Po89. Excluding the kop22, the heterozygosities of the rest of the loci were close to 100% , suggesting the occurrence of near complete interference on the chromosome arms that carried these loci. In the mitogynogenetic diploid flounder, each individual showed exact homozygousity and the segregation profiles did not deviate from the Mendelian 1：1 pattern. The results indicated that there was no lethal gene linked with the loci analyzed. Such high interference accounted for the high recombination rates and large map distances. The Po13 and Po56 loci, Po91 and kopl8 loci, kopl5 and kop21 loci are tightly linked on the same chromosome arm in pairs.
文摘Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate genetic structures of four populations (Dandong, Rizhao, Ningbo and Guangzhou) of redlip mullet (Chelon haematocheilus). Fourteen loci of ten enzymes (G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH, and SOD) were identified. The proportions of polymorphic loci varied from 0.07 to 0.14. The average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 and from 0.02 to 0.04 respectively among the 4 populations. The average number of efficient alleles of each locus varied from 1.02 to 1.06. The genetic distance among populations was from 0.0004 to 0.0021. The genetic distances between Dandong, Rizhao and Ningbo populations were small, while those between Guangzhou population and other three populations were relatively high. The result indicated the possible divergence of redlip mullet between the South China Sea and the other sea areas of China due to geographic isolation.
