谐振式积冰自动观测仪研究

在电力和通信工程中,电线积冰是一种广泛分布的气象灾害。而有效的积冰监测方法是开展积冰预报预警业务和专业气象服务的重要前提。本文提出了一种基于石英谐振效应的谐振式积冰自动观测仪。对人工观测与谐振式积冰自动观测仪测量的试验数据对比分析,结果表明:对比于人工观测,谐振式积冰自动观测仪具有观测效率高、数据连续性好、偏差值小等优点。

Testis Development and Ultrastructural Features During Spermatogenesis in Cultured Small Yellow Croaker,Larimichthys polyactis

The small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis is an economically important marine fish in Northeast Asia.Currently,its natural resources are threatened by overfishing and environmental pollution.Therefore,research on the reproductive system of the fish is crucial.Here,we studied the testis development and ultrastructural features of spermatogenesis in cultured L.polyactis using anatomical,histological,and ultrastructural techniques.A pair of testes,consisting of a central sperm duct and radial seminiferous lobules,were observed.The reproduction cycle of testes can be divided into stages I–VI.March to May was confirmed as the breeding season for male L.polyactis,while April is the ideal period for artificial breeding.The male L.polyactis can attain sexual maturity within 1 year.The spermatogenesis of L.polyactis comprised spermatogonium,spermatocyte,spermatid,and mature spermatozoon.The morphology of spermatogenic cells changed obviously during spermiogenesis,including nuclear shaping,midpiece and flagellum formation.The mature sperms consist of an ellipsoidal head,a short midpiece,and a long flagellum.The anterior of the head with a kidney-shaped nucleus can be distinguished.The midpiece is located posterior to the head and includes four to six spherical mitochondria.The flagellum has irregular lateral fins.The testis of L.polyactis is an unrestricted lobular type,with cystic spermatogenesis,type II spermiogenesis,and type II spermatozoa.These features are highly similar to those of other Sciaenid species.Our findings provide useful insights into the mechanism underlying testis development and spermatogenesis of L.polyactis,which can facilitate the artificial breeding of this species.

乌溪江水库遂昌段浮游生物调查与水质评价

为更好地了解乌溪江水库水生态环境水质和浮游生物群落特征,在乌溪江水库遂昌县境内布设5个采样点,对不同季节的水质理化性质和主要营养盐浓度进行测定,对浮游生物样品进行采集与分析。共鉴定浮游植物8门34种,其中硅藻和绿藻最为常见,针杆藻和多甲藻为冬季优势种,平均多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为4.23和1.20。共鉴定浮游动物3门17种,其中,臂尾轮虫为最常见优势种,平均多样性指数和均匀度指数为3.55和1.25。运用综合营养指数法对水库富营养化程度进行评价,平均值为38.63,表明水库处于中营养化状态。

池塘养殖条件下台湾泥鳅大规格鱼种的生长特性

为了解台湾泥鳅在池塘养殖条件下的生长特性,于2017年9-12月对宁波市某水产养殖有限公司池塘养殖的台湾泥鳅(3-6月龄)进行生长及形态参数测定和统计学分析.结果表明,台湾泥鳅雌雄生长差异不显著(P>0.05).体长(L)与体高(H)、体宽(D)、头长(E)的相关线性方程分别为L=6.3186H+0.0855(R^2=0.9983),L=9.2335D+0.4164(R^2=0.9988)及L=7.3853E-2.3784(R^2=0.9963).体重(W)、净体重(Wn)与体长的相关幂函数方程分别为W=0.087L^3.037(R^2=0.9647),Wn=0.0091L^2.9606(R^2=0.9614).以von Bertalanffy生长方程描述台湾泥鳅的生长,得出体重和体长的生长方程分别为Wt=42.69[1-e^-0.3119(t-0.204)]3.04及Lt=16.23[1-e^-0.3119(t-0.204)].台湾泥鳅属快速生长型鱼类,每年的9-10月养殖水温适宜,生长较快;11月后随着水温下降生长减慢.肝体比、肥满度随水温下降呈先上升后下降趋势,而性腺指数呈上升趋势.

池塘养殖马口鱼的生长特性

为了解池塘养殖马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)的生长特性,于2020年10—12月及2021年3—6月,对在池塘人工养殖条件下的3—5月龄及8—11月龄马口鱼进行随机采样与生物学测定分析。结果显示,经9个月的养殖,马口鱼平均体长达到10.87 cm,平均体质量达到23.07 g,且雌雄鱼生长指标差异显著(P<0.05)。体长(L_(B))与体高(H)、体宽(D)、头长(E)之间的相关线性方程分别为L_(B)=3.9009H+1.537(R^(2)=0.9526)、L_(B)=5.741D+2.9116(R^(2)=0.9711)、L_(B)=3.2126E+1.4178(R^(2)=0.984)。体质量(W)与体长(L_(B))之间的相关幂函数方程为W=0.0069L(R^(2)=0.9958),其中幂函数指数大于3,表明马口鱼在池塘养殖条件下呈异速生长。肥满度、肝体比随水温的下降而下降,随水温的上升而上升,而性腺指数呈持续上升趋势。马口鱼在池塘养殖条件下生长状况良好,适合进行规模化人工养殖。

大黄鱼胚胎在不同稀释液及抗冻剂中的成活及超低温冷冻保存试验

为了解大黄鱼胚胎在不同稀释液与抗冻剂中的成活及超低温冷冻保存的效果,开展了大黄鱼胚胎在不同稀释液及抗冻剂中的成活试验.结果表明,大黄鱼原肠期胚胎在BS2稀释液中培育30 min后的成活率与对照组无显著差异,说明BS2可能适合作胚胎冷冻保存用稀释液;单一抗冻剂对大黄鱼胚胎的毒性依次为丙二醇(PG)<甲醇(Me OH)<二甲基亚砜(DMSO)<二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)<乙二醇(EG),抗冻剂使部分胚胎的卵黄囊皱缩,胚体发生损伤,影响胚胎的成活率及孵化率;混合抗冻剂PMD(PG:Me OH:DMSO=9:6:5)对大黄鱼心跳期胚胎的毒性较小,不影响胚胎的成活率及孵化率.以BS2为稀释液,40%PMD为抗冻液,采用两步降温法进行超低温冷冻保存大黄鱼胚胎试验,解冻后成功复活卵裂期及尾芽期冻胚各1粒,原肠期冻胚2粒,心跳期冻胚3粒.

右美托咪定自控镇静用于老年白内障合并高血压手术的临床研究

目的探讨右美托咪定自控镇静用于老年白内障合并高血压手术的应用效果。方法分析2017年6~12月于我院眼科白内障超声乳化术的患者40例,采用随机法进行分组,对照组20例和右美托咪定组20例。观察两组患者给负荷量前(T0)、负荷量结束时(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、术中5min(T3)、术中10min(T4)、术中15min(T5)、术毕(T6)时的平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度、Ramsay镇静评分情况,观察两组患者合作度评分和满意度评分情况。结果两组患者T0平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度比较,两组患者T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6的血氧饱和度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),右美托咪定组T2、T3、T4、T5、T6平均动脉压,T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6心率均低于对照组,对照组组内比较,T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6的平均动脉压、心率均高于T0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),右美托咪定组组内比较,T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6的心率均低于T0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),T2、T3、T4、T5、T6的平均动脉压均低于T0,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。右美托咪定组患者T2、T3、T4、T5、T6Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组组内比较,T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),右美托咪定组组内比较,T2、T3、T4、T5、T6的Ramsay镇静评分均高于T0,右美托咪定组患者合作度评分、术后满意度评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论右美托咪定自控镇静用于老年白内障合并高血压手术患者,可以稳定血流动力学指标,镇静效果较好,值得临床推广应用。

Prohibitin Protein Expression During Spermatogenesis in the Large Yellow Croaker, Larimichthys crocea

Mitochondria are important for animals’fertility,and their morphologies and functions during spermatogenesis are un-der investigation.However,the molecular mechanism that regulates the mitochondrial dynamic during spermatogenesis is still un-known.In this study,the cytological features of spermatogenesis were investigated in Larimichthys crocea.In addition,the structure and function of prohibitin(PHB),which is associated with mitochondrial structure and dynamic,was also investigated.The full-length cDNA and protein(Lc-PHB)from the L.crocea phb gene(Lc-phb)contained 1625 base pairs and 271 amino acids,respec-tively.Lc-PHB had a conserved primary structure that resulted in a transmembrane,SPFH(the analogous region of proteins stomat-ins,prohibitins,flotillins and HflK/C),and coiled-coil domains.It was detected at high levels in the muscle,liver,and heart,and at intermediate levels in the testis,gill,and brain.Lc-phb mRNA expression was detected in spermatogenic cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization.An immunofluorescence assay revealed that PHB protein was localized in the mitochondria during spermatogenesis.Specifically,PHB expression was detected in the perinuclear cytoplasm of spermatogonia,spermatocytes,and spermatids in the early developmental stage,and mainly localized on one side of the nuclei in the cytoplasm of spermatids in a middle developmental stage,and finally on the sperm midpiece.Western blotting showed that PHB was located in the extracted mitochondria protein fraction but not in the cytoplasm protein fraction of testes.Conclusively,these results indicated that PHB was expressed in the mitochondria dur-ing spermatogenesis.In addition,the study explained the mitochondrial dynamic during fish spermatogenesis and proposed a possi-ble relationship among PHB,spermatogenesis,and male fertility.

Effects of Low Temperature Stress on the Morphology and hsp70 and hsp90 Gene Expression of Phascolosoma esculenta

Phascolosoma esculenta is an intertidal organism that has recently attracted attention because of its ability to survive at relatively low temperatures.However,the gene regulation in P.esculenta in relation to its response to low temperatures is unclear.To explore the low temperature adaptability of P.esculenta,this study analyzed the changes in the morphology and hsp70 and hsp90 gene expression of P.esculenta exposed to a low temperature gradient.At 5℃,P.esculenta stretched and softened,and some individuals moved apart from the group.Histological analysis revealed cuticle breaches,myofiber scattering,disruption of the body wall,and epithelial layer dispersion and muscle fiber rupturing in the nephridium.Furthermore,the mRNA expression levels of hsp70 and hsp90 increased under acute low temperature stress,suggesting that these genes function in low temperature tolerance.Overall,low temperature stress causes morphological changes and histological damage in P.esculenta,and hsp70 and hsp90 potentially function in the low temperature adaptability of P.esculenta.Our results provide new insights into the adaptive strategies of P.esculenta under low temperature environments.

Expression Characteristics and Putative Functions of KIF3A/KIF3B During Spermiogenesis of Phascolosoma esculenta

The microtubule(MT)-associated proteins KIF3A and KIF3B are ubiquitously expressed in a wide range of taxa.This study investigated the functions of these proteins in spermiogenesis,which involves various MT-dependent processes,in Phasco-losoma esculenta.We cloned the complete cDNA of Pe-KIF3A/3B.Structural predictions showed that Pe-KIF3A/3B are composed of a highly conserved motor domain,a coiled-coil domain,and a tail domain.Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Pe-kif3a/3b are expressed in all tissues evaluated,with the highest levels in sperm masses.Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluo-rescence were employed to analyze the dynamic expression patterns of KIF3A/3B during spermiogenesis.Pe-KIF3A/3B consistently co-localized with MTs at all stages of spermiogenesis,indicating their potential functions in cargo trafficking.Pe-KIF3A/3B co-localized with mitochondria,suggesting that they may mediate mitochondrial movement.In late-stage spermatids and mature sperm,co-localization was detected in the midpiece,suggesting that Pe-KIF3A/3B could facilitate midpiece formation.The co-localization of Pe-KIF3A and Pe-KIF3B at all stages of spermiogenesis suggests their function as the heterodimeric KIF3AB.Basing on the ob-served temporal and spatial expression patterns of Pe-KIF3A/3B,MTs,and mitochondria in our study,we suggest that heterodimer KIF3AB has a potential role in acrosome biogenesis,sperm head remodeling,enflagellation,and mitochondrial migration during spermiogenesis in P.esculenta.In addition,our study on the morphological characteristics of spermatogenic cells provided fundamental data on the reproductive biology of P.esculenta.

右美托咪定自控镇静对玻璃体视网膜手术合并高血压患者的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定自控镇静对局麻玻璃体网膜手术合并高血压患者术中血流动力学和镇静效果的影响。方法:选取本院收治的行玻璃体视网膜手术的患者40例。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(C组)和自控镇静组(PCS组),各20例。PCS组给予右美托咪定自控镇静,C组恒速泵注0.9%氯化钠注射液至手术结束。记录两组患者的泵注负荷量前(T_0)、负荷量结束时(T_1)、手术开始时(T_2)、术中5 min(T_3)、术中10 min(T_4)、术中20 min(T_5)、术中30 min(T_6)、术毕(T_7)时的HR、MAP、Sp O2、Ramsay镇静评分,比较PCS组按压次数、满意度、合作度、不良反应。结果:T_2~7时,C组MAP、HR水平均高于T_0,PCS组MAP水平均低于T_0、C组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);T__(1~7)时,PCS组HR水平均低于T_0、C组(P<0.05);T__(1~7)时,PCS组Ramsay评分均高于T_0、C组(P<0.05);PCS组满意度、合作度分别为95.00%、90.00%,均高于C组的20.00%、50.00%,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);PCS组给予负荷量后,有效按压0~20次,平均(8.1±4.3)次;C组不良反应发生率低于PCS组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定自控镇静应用于局麻玻璃体视网膜手术合并高血压患者,能够稳定血流动力学,具有明显镇静效果,患者满意度高。

唇(鱼骨)成鱼脾和肾的解剖学与组织学特征

采用解剖、石蜡切片及H.E染色技术研究了唇(鱼骨)脾脏、头肾及中肾的解剖学与组织学特征。结果显示,唇(鱼骨)脾脏单个,暗红色,呈扁平椭圆形,脾实质被起自被膜的结缔组织隔膜分隔成许多小叶,小叶内红髓与白髓界限不明显,含红细胞、淋巴细胞及黑色素巨噬细胞等,血管丰富。肾脏分为头肾和中肾。头肾位于体腔前端的心腹隔膜上方,分左右两叶,对称分布。头肾实质部分无肾单位,主要由淋巴组织构成,分红细胞聚集区和白细胞聚集区,内含丰富的红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞及一定数量的黑色素巨噬细胞,在细胞组成上与脾脏有类似特征。中肾位于鱼体的胸腹段,紧贴体腔背部脊椎两侧,实质部分主要由肾单位、集合管及淋巴组织等构成;淋巴组织在细胞组成上与头肾有相似之处,含红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞及黑色素巨噬细胞。研究结果表明,唇(鱼骨)脾脏、头肾是机体重要的免疫和造血器官,中肾除了泌尿功能外,在免疫及造血中也发挥重要作用。