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东南亚地区未来气候变化的区域气候模式预估
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作者 王政琪 高学杰 +2 位作者 韩振宇 吴佳 徐影 《气候与环境研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第3期251-262,共12页
在联合区域气候降尺度试验CORDEX(Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment)的框架下,使用全球气候模式MPI-ESM-MR(简称MPI)的模拟结果,驱动区域气候模式RegCM4(Regional Climate Mode version 4),开展了在中等温室气体排... 在联合区域气候降尺度试验CORDEX(Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment)的框架下,使用全球气候模式MPI-ESM-MR(简称MPI)的模拟结果,驱动区域气候模式RegCM4(Regional Climate Mode version 4),开展了在中等温室气体排放路径RCP4.5下的东南亚区域21世纪气候变化预估试验。试验中模式的水平分辨率为25 km×25 km,积分时间为1981~2099年。模式对东南亚区域当代(1986~2005年)气候的模拟结果表明:MPI与RegCM4对这一区域年平均气温、降水的空间分布特征均具有较好的模拟能力;相比于全球模式,高分辨率的RegCM4提供了空间分布上更为精细的气候信息,但其模拟的气温存在系统性冷偏差,对降水的模拟则普遍偏多。对未来气候变化的预估显示,MPI与RegCM4预估的未来气温均一致表现为增加,至21世纪末期(2081~2099年),预估的区域年平均气温升高幅度分别为1.8℃和1.7℃。二者对降水的预估则存在较大差异,MPI预估的年平均降水有不同程度增加,而RegCM4则出现减少现象,特别是在海洋大陆地区。两者预估的21世纪末期区域年平均降水变化分别5%(90 mm)和−6%(−147 mm)。RegCM4对极端温度指数的预估结果表明:未来东南亚地区高温热浪事件将持续增多,极端冷事件相应减少;在海洋大陆地区,降水强度和连续无雨日数出现同时增加现象,表明该地区洪涝和干旱风险未来均将增大。 展开更多
关键词 气候变化 东南亚地区 区域气候模式 极端事件
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明代忠静服制与忠静冠服社会流变研究
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作者 徐冉 高雪洁 《艺术设计研究》 CSSCI 2023年第4期65-72,共8页
明世宗在经历“大礼议”之争后,为进一步巩固统治,强调礼制作用,创制品官燕居服饰忠静冠服。笔者查阅忠静冠服相关文献记载,参照传世及出土明代忠静冠服实物与明代官员画像,辅以明代各地方志和小说话本中所描述的忠静冠服等相关资料,经... 明世宗在经历“大礼议”之争后,为进一步巩固统治,强调礼制作用,创制品官燕居服饰忠静冠服。笔者查阅忠静冠服相关文献记载,参照传世及出土明代忠静冠服实物与明代官员画像,辅以明代各地方志和小说话本中所描述的忠静冠服等相关资料,经多方对比研究后认为自嘉靖二十二年(1543年)之后,忠静冠服在某些细节上略有改变,并进一步探寻其创制与变化背后的社会因素。 展开更多
关键词 嘉靖 忠静冠服 燕居 流变
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“一带一路”区域气候变化事实、影响及可能风险 被引量:34
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作者 王会军 唐国利 +48 位作者 陈海山 吴绍洪 效存德 姜大膀 周波涛 孙建奇 段明铿 徐影 罗勇 杨晓光 王凡 康世昌 王毅 高清竹 左军成 张元明 魏伟 郑景云 王国庆 高学杰 李宁 刘传玉 曾晓东 鲍艳松 张弛 曾刚 孙博 黄艳艳 施宁 尹志聪 张杰 俞淼 陈活泼 祝亚丽 马洁华 燕青 郭东林 张颖 高雅 吴通华 刘慧 谭显春 尹云鹤 于仁成 黄海军 许艳 刘娜 战云键 任玉玉 《大气科学学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2020年第1期1-9,共9页
“一带一路”区域国家经济、政治发展极不平衡,随着全球气候变暖,区域内的自然环境、气候资源、水资源等都将面临着显著而复杂的变化,并且干旱、洪涝等多种气候灾害是“一带一路”区域可持续发展和重大基础设施建设面临的重大威胁之一... “一带一路”区域国家经济、政治发展极不平衡,随着全球气候变暖,区域内的自然环境、气候资源、水资源等都将面临着显著而复杂的变化,并且干旱、洪涝等多种气候灾害是“一带一路”区域可持续发展和重大基础设施建设面临的重大威胁之一。目前,“一带一路”倡议已经进入实质性建设阶段,沿线地区的气候变化及其灾害风险关乎“一带一路”倡议能否顺利实施及亚投行的投资安全。在此背景下,2016—2018年中国科学院地球科学学部实施了“‘一带一路’区域气候变化问题”咨询评议项目,项目针对该区域气候变化的事实、未来变化预估、气候变化的可能影响以及带来的潜在风险等问题进行了系统的调研,并开展了若干分析和研究。经过两年的努力,项目组完成了有关进展报告四份,包括一份总报告和三份分报告。本文扼要地概括和介绍了项目取得的主要成果。 展开更多
关键词 一带一路 气候变化 预估 灾害 风险
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RegCM4模式对雄安及周边区域气候变化的集合预估 被引量:24
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作者 吴婕 高学杰 徐影 《大气科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2018年第3期696-705,共10页
基于CSIRO-Mk3-6-0、EC-EARTH、Had GEM2-ES和MPI-ESM-MR共4个全球气候模式,分别驱动区域气候模式Reg CM4,所进行的RCP4.5(典型浓度路径)中等排放情景下25 km较高水平分辨率东亚区域21世纪气候变化模拟结果,针对雄安新区及周边区域,在... 基于CSIRO-Mk3-6-0、EC-EARTH、Had GEM2-ES和MPI-ESM-MR共4个全球气候模式,分别驱动区域气候模式Reg CM4,所进行的RCP4.5(典型浓度路径)中等排放情景下25 km较高水平分辨率东亚区域21世纪气候变化模拟结果,针对雄安新区及周边区域,在对当代(1986~2005)气候进行检验的基础上,进行了该区域未来气候变化的多模拟集合预估,并给出了模拟间的差别。结果表明:Reg CM4可以较好地模拟出分析区域当代平均气温和降水的分布及年内月循环变化特征;对与气温相关的极端气候事件指数,日最高气温最高值(TXx)和日最低气温最低值(TNn),以及和降水相关的指数日最大降水量(RX1day)也有较好的模拟能力。雄安及周边区域未来平均气温、TXx和TNn将不断上升,高温热浪事件在增加的同时,低温事件将减少。未来分析区域平均降水量有所增加;而RX1day的增加更明显,且模拟间的一致性较好,不确定性相对较低,暴雨和洪涝事件的频率和强度均将增大。同时由于气温升高导致的潜在蒸发量相对于降水更大的增加,将使得区域水资源相对不足的现象加重。 展开更多
关键词 雄安 气候变化 极端事件 RegCM4模式
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多区域模式集合的东亚陆地区域的平均和极端降水未来预估 被引量:8
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作者 韩振宇 高学杰 徐影 《地球物理学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第6期1869-1884,共16页
利用东亚区域联合降尺度计划(CORDEX-EA)15个区域模式的模拟结果,集合预估了高排放情景RCP8.5下东亚陆地区域平均和极端降水的未来时空变化,并量化未来预估的不确定性.结果表明:区域模式基本上能够再现东亚及各个区域平均和极端降水的... 利用东亚区域联合降尺度计划(CORDEX-EA)15个区域模式的模拟结果,集合预估了高排放情景RCP8.5下东亚陆地区域平均和极端降水的未来时空变化,并量化未来预估的不确定性.结果表明:区域模式基本上能够再现东亚及各个区域平均和极端降水的多年平均分布.未来多模式集合预估的平均和极端强降水在东亚各区域多表现为增加,连续无降水日数(CDD)表现为南增北减,且变幅多随时间增大.到21世纪末期,冬季和年平均降水的增幅大值都位于中国西部(WC),冬季降水的变化在WC、蒙古(MG)、中国东北(NE)和中国华北及西北地区东部(NC)的确定性都较高,年降水的变化仅在WC和MG确定性较高.夏季降水增幅大值位于朝鲜半岛和日本(KJ),且仅在这一区域确定性较高.最大5日降水量(Rx5day)和大雨日数(R20)以增加为主且变化的空间分布较为均匀,除去中国江南及华南(SC)和KJ的R20变化,其余区域两个变量的变化确定性都较高.CDD的增幅和减幅大值分别位于SC和MG,其变化在MG、NE和SC确定性较高. 展开更多
关键词 区域模式 东亚 集合预估 不确定性 极端降水
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新疆地区未来气候变化的区域气候模式集合预估 被引量:17
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作者 王政琪 高学杰 +2 位作者 童尧 韩振宇 徐影 《大气科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2021年第2期407-423,共17页
本文基于一套在5个全球气候模式结果驱动下,RegCM4区域气候模式对东亚25 km水平分辨率的集合预估,分析了中、高温室气体典型排放路径(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下,21世纪不同时期新疆地区的未来气候变化。对模式当代气候模拟结果的检验表明,区域... 本文基于一套在5个全球气候模式结果驱动下,RegCM4区域气候模式对东亚25 km水平分辨率的集合预估,分析了中、高温室气体典型排放路径(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下,21世纪不同时期新疆地区的未来气候变化。对模式当代气候模拟结果的检验表明,区域模式的模拟集合(ensR)总体上能够很好地再现当代新疆平均气温、降水和极端气温、降水分布特征。ensR预估21世纪未来新疆平均气温和降水将不断升高或增加,RCP8.5下的变化大于RCP4.5。在21世纪末期RCP8.5下,区域年平均气温和降水将分别增加4.9℃和28%(102 mm),夏季(6~8月)的升温幅度略高于冬季(12~2月),降水则以冬季增加为主。极端温度以及高温日数同样将不断升高,其中年日最低气温最小值的增幅总体高于年日最高气温最大值,未来新疆地区的极端冷事件将减少,高温、热浪事件将增加。由极端降水指标日最大降水量反应的强降水事件将普遍增加,连续无降水日数总体以减少为主。积雪变化存在一定区域差异,具体表现为除塔里木盆地外的普遍减少。对总径流量和表层土壤湿度的预估分析表明,二者在新疆地区均以增加为主,但水文干旱在北疆会加重。ensR各模拟间无论是在当代模拟还是未来预估中都表现出较好的一致性,但在变化的具体数量及个别情况下符号均存在一定差异。最后,综合考虑ensR对各要素的预估发现,总体而言新疆未来更趋向于"暖湿化",但这不会改变其干旱、半干旱气候的本质,而且水文干旱频率在一些地区会增加,未来新疆的水资源状况仍不容乐观。 展开更多
关键词 区域气候模式 气候变化 极端事件 新疆地区
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Assessing the sensitivity of RegCM4 to cumulus and ocean surface schemes over the Southeast Asia domain of the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Zhengqi gao xuejie +3 位作者 HAN Zhenyu WU Jia XU Ying JUNENG Liew 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2020年第1期71-79,共9页
Multi-year experiments are conducted using the most recent version of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics regional climate model RegCM4(version 4.7) to customize its performance over Southeast... Multi-year experiments are conducted using the most recent version of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics regional climate model RegCM4(version 4.7) to customize its performance over Southeast Asia - a region with few RCMs applied to date. The model is driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis data at a grid spacing of 25 km using the CORDEX(Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) Southeast Asia domain. The authors focus on comparing the convection schemes of Emanuel and Tiedtke(Tiedtke-1) and Tiedtke with effects of sea surface evaporation introduced(Tiedtke-2). The authors find that, for temperature over land, the model shows reasonable performance in reproducing the present-day climatology in both December–January–February(DJF) and June–July–August(JJA) in all the experiments. Meanwhile, cold biases prevail in both seasons, although portions of warm bias exist in DJF. For precipitation, the spatial pattern and amount, as well as seasonal evolution, are in general reproduced well in the experiments.Better performances of Tiedtke-1 and Tiedtke-2 are evident compared to Emanuel, particularly over ocean. Thereby, the optimal configuration of Reg CM4.7 for future climate change simulations over the region is identified as using the Tiedtke scheme with spray effects considered, along with the default settings for other physical parameterizations. 展开更多
关键词 REGCM coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment convective scheme Southeast Asia
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SCF FEATURE OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL IN BOILING MgCl_2SOLUTION
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作者 CHEN Liangshi gao xuejie +1 位作者 FENG Tao LIU Minzhi Corrosion Science Laboratory,Institute of Corrosion and Protection of Metals,Academia,Sinica Shenyang,China 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1992年第12期451-456,共6页
Corrosion fatigue under the load of low frequency and bigh mean stress has been generally defined as stress corrosion fatigue(SCF).It is a specific failure process due to the inter- action between stress corrosion cra... Corrosion fatigue under the load of low frequency and bigh mean stress has been generally defined as stress corrosion fatigue(SCF).It is a specific failure process due to the inter- action between stress corrosion cracking(SCC) and corrsion fatigue(CF),the effects of which on fracture characteristics,including crack initiation and propagation.service life and cracking mode have not been investigated systematically.The purpose of this pa- per was to study the environment-sensitive fracture behaviour of OCr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel under the load of different fiequencies and high mean stress in boiling MgCl_2 solution.The interaction between SCC and CF would be emphasized. 展开更多
关键词 stress corrosion eracking corrosion fatigue erack growth rate eracking mode austenitic stainless steel
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Climate change in the twenty-first century over China: projections by an RCM and the driving GCM
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作者 CHEN Nan gao xuejie 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2019年第4期270-277,共8页
A regional climate model(RegCM4)is used to project climate change over China in the twenty-first century under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways.The driving GCM is CSIRO Mk3.6.0(hereafter referred to simply as CSIRO),and... A regional climate model(RegCM4)is used to project climate change over China in the twenty-first century under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways.The driving GCM is CSIRO Mk3.6.0(hereafter referred to simply as CSIRO),and the simulation(hereafter referred to as CdR)is run at a grid spacing of 25 km.The focus of the present paper is on the changes in mean surface air temperature and precipitation in December–January–February(DJF)and June–July–August(JJA)over China.Validation of the model performances is provided first,followed by a comparison of future changes projected by CSIRO and CdR.Substantial warming in the future is simulated by both models,being more pronounced in DJF compared to JJA,and under RCP8.5 compared to RCP4.5.The warming shows different spatial patterns and,to a less extent,magnitude between CSIRO and CdR.Precipitation change shows a general increase in DJF and a mixture of increase and decrease in JJA.Substantial differences between the two models are found in for precipitation change in JJA.The paper further emphasizes the uncertainties in climate change projection over the region. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change REGCM China TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION
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1.57μm IPDA激光雷达云回波信号CO_(2)柱浓度测量研究 被引量:2
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作者 高雪洁 刘继桥 +6 位作者 樊纯璨 陈橙 杨巨鑫 李世光 谢缘 竹孝鹏 陈卫标 《中国激光》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第23期202-214,共13页
路径积分差分吸收(IPDA)激光雷达可装载于飞机或卫星上探测大范围大气CO_(2)浓度,具有全天时和探测精度高的优势。全球云的平均覆盖率可达60%,因此在激光穿透大气射向地面的探测过程中,除了地面和海洋回波信号,还有很多云层回波信号。... 路径积分差分吸收(IPDA)激光雷达可装载于飞机或卫星上探测大范围大气CO_(2)浓度,具有全天时和探测精度高的优势。全球云的平均覆盖率可达60%,因此在激光穿透大气射向地面的探测过程中,除了地面和海洋回波信号,还有很多云层回波信号。结合机载大气探测激光雷达(ACDL)信号采集特点,针对复杂的云层回波信号,提出一种基于中位数绝对偏差的离群值筛选法提取信号,可分离多层云回波信号及云层与地面回波信号同时存在的信号。分析云信号的探测能力,并利用云层回波信号积分值反演云上CO_(2)柱浓度,结果与原位测量仪测量结果变化趋势一致,二者偏差为2.8μL/L。 展开更多
关键词 遥感 差分吸收激光雷达 二氧化碳柱浓度 云回波信号 差分吸收光学厚度 大气遥感
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Climate change in China in the 21st century as simulated by a high resolution regional climate model 被引量:64
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作者 gao xuejie SHI Ying +1 位作者 ZHANG DongFeng GIORGI Filippo 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第10期1188-1195,共8页
Climate change in the 21st century over China is simulated using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3). The model is one-way nested within the gl... Climate change in the 21st century over China is simulated using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3). The model is one-way nested within the global model CCSR/NIES/FRCGC MIROC3.2_hires (Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies/Frontier Research Center for Global Change/Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). A 150-year (1951-2100) transient simulation is conducted at 25 km grid spacing, under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A1B scenario. Simulations of present climate conditions in China by RegCM3 are compared against observations to assess model performance. Results show that RegCM3 reproduces the observed spatial structure of surface air temperature and precipitation well. Changes in mean temperature and precipitation in December-January-February (DJF) and June-July-August (JJA) during the middle and end of the 21st century are analyzed. Significant future warming is simulated by RegCM3. This warming becomes greater with time, and increased warming is simulated at high latitude and high altitude (Tibetan Plateau) areas. In the middle of the 21st century in DJF, a general increase of precipitation is found in most areas, except over the Tibetan Plateau. Precipitation changes in JJA show an increase over northwest China and a decrease over the Tibetan Plateau. There is a mixture of positive and negative changes in eastern China. The change pattern at the end of the century is generally consistent with that in mid century, except in some small areas, and the magnitude of change is usually larger. In addition, the simulation is compared with a previous simulation of the RegCM3 driven by a different global model, to address uncertainties of the projected climate change in China. 展开更多
关键词 中国西北地区 区域气候模式 模式模拟 气候变化 高分辨率 气候模型 气候变暖 青藏高原
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Projected changes in climate extremes over China in the 21st century from a high resolution regional climate model (RegCM3) 被引量:16
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作者 XU JiYun SHI Ying +1 位作者 gao xuejie GIORGI Filippo 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第12期1443-1452,共10页
Based on a consecutive simulation of the 21st century conducted by RegCM3, changes in climate extremes over China are investigated, following abasic validation of the model performances in simulating present climate. ... Based on a consecutive simulation of the 21st century conducted by RegCM3, changes in climate extremes over China are investigated, following abasic validation of the model performances in simulating present climate. The model is one-way nested within the global model of CCSR/NIES/FRCGC MIROC3.2_hires. A total of 150-years (1951-2100) transient simulation is carried out at 25 km grid spacing under the IPCC SRES A1B scenario. The indices of the extremesincludes SU (summer days), FD (frost days), GSL (growing season length) for temperature, SDII (simple daily intensity index), R10 (no. of days with precipitation 10 mm/d), and CDD (consecutive dry days) for precipitation. Results show that the model can reproduce both the spatial distribution and the values of the present day annual mean temperature and precipitationwell, and it also shows good performances in simulating the extreme indices. Following the significant warming, the indices of SU and GSL for warm events will increase while the indices of FD for cold events will decrease over China. Heavy precipitation events as measured by SDII and R10 show an general increase over the region, except the decrease ofR10 in the Northeast and central Tibetan Plateau andless change or decrease of it along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Decrease of drynessas measured by CDD over northern part of China while increase of it over the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan Basin and other places in southern China are simulated by the model. This leads to the less change of the regional mean CDD in the time series in the 21st century unlike the other indices, which show clear trend of change following the time evolution. 展开更多
关键词 中国南部 气候变化 区域气候模式 高分辨率 青藏高原中部 年平均温度 模型模拟 预计
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A high resolution simulation of climate change over China 被引量:42
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作者 gao xuejie SHI Ying Filippo GIORGI 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2011年第3期462-472,共11页
Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NA... Multi-decadal high resolution climate change simulations over East Asia were performed by using The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM3), nested within the NASA/NCAR global model FvGCM/CCM3. Two sets of simulations were conducted at 20-km grid spacings, one for present day (1961-1990) and one for the future climate (2071-2100, IPCC A2 scenario). Simulations of present climate conditions over China by RegCM3 and FvGCM were compared against observations to assess the model performance. Results showed that both models repro- duced the observed spatial structure of 500 hPa height, surface air temperature and precipitation. Compared with FvGCM, RegCM3 provided increasing spatial detail of surface variables. Furthermore, RegCM3 improved the simulation of monsoon precipitation over the region. Changes in the mean temperature and precipitation were analyzed and compared between the two models. Significant warming in the end of the 21st century was simulated by both models in December-January-February (DJF), June-July-August (JJA), and the annual mean. In DJF, greater warming was simulated by FvGCM over Northeast and Northwest China, as well as the Tibetan Plateau, compared with RegCM. In JJA, RegCM3 simulated greater warming over northern China, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Simulated changes in DJF precipitation showed similar spatial patterns between the two models. In JJA, while FvGCM projected a prevailing increase of monsoon precipitation over China, which is in agreement with other global models, RegCM3 projected extended areas of decreased precipitation. Changes in the variability for annual mean temperature and precipitation also are presented. 展开更多
关键词 climate change regional climate model China
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