为了更好地满足航空、军事以及能源器件对于高功率化学电源的需求,对LTT65系列电池进行了优化,控制原有电池其他参数不变的同时,使得内部颗粒变小,优化后的电池对于放电倍率进行了提升。针对改进后的电池,首先对于电池的放电性能进行测...为了更好地满足航空、军事以及能源器件对于高功率化学电源的需求,对LTT65系列电池进行了优化,控制原有电池其他参数不变的同时,使得内部颗粒变小,优化后的电池对于放电倍率进行了提升。针对改进后的电池,首先对于电池的放电性能进行测试,得到放电深度的具体数值,其次根据电池放电后的电压回升问题通过HPPC(hybrid pulse power characteristic)方法对于内阻进行测试和计算。结果表明:电池在高SOC(state of charge)状态下内阻伴随着放电率的增加而减小,电池在较低SOC状态下内阻增加,呈现出一定的复杂趋势。最后对于该倍率状态下的电池温升进行分析,得到了电池温度会随着电池放电倍率的增加将会出现拐点的结论,电池的温度拐点出现在45℃,最大温度值为63℃,温升值为38℃,而后根据实验结果对于电池不同倍率下的温升、热功率等参数进行测定,对于电池的放热特性进行了整体研究。展开更多
Background The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） increases after menopause in women, but remains under diagnosed because of social or lifestyle factors. It is important to evaluate the hazards of OSA on ca...Background The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） increases after menopause in women, but remains under diagnosed because of social or lifestyle factors. It is important to evaluate the hazards of OSA on cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. We tested the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） may aggravate cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ovariectomized （OVX） Sprague Dawley （SD） rats; the changes of anti-oxidation ability in cardiac muscles may be one of the reasons for cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methods Forty-eight 60-day old female SD rats were randomly divided into a CIH group, OVX group, OVX±CIH （OC） group, and handled control （HC） group, and the rats were exposed either to CIH （nadir 02 6%） or handled normoxic controls. The changes of body weight and whole heart weight were measured. Super oxide dismutase （SOD） and malonaldehyde （MDA） were used to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to measure apoptosis in each rat. Western blotting was used to measure apoptosis associated proteins in cardiac muscle samples from each rat. Results When compared with the HC and CIH groups, the levels of oxidative stress in the OC and OVX groups were significantly higher. The levels of SOD in the HC, CIH, OC, and OVX groups were （47.99±4.89）, （53.60±4.47）, （20.99±2.72）, and （30.64±3.79） mmol/mg protein; significantly increased in the CIH group （P 〈0.05） and significantly decreased in the OC （P 〈0.01） and OVX （P 〈0.05） groups. The levels of MDA in the HC, CIH, OVX, and OC groups were （1.63±0.20）, （1.93±0.77）, （3.30±0.39）, and （1.95_±0.20） mmol/mg protein; it significantly increased in the CIH （P 〈0.05）, OC （P 〈0.01）, and OVX （P 〈0.05） groups compared with the HC group. Bax protein expression was significantly increased and bcl-2 protein expression was significantly reduced after CIH compared with HC rats （P 〈0.05）. The protein expression of bax and bcl-2 in the OC group was not significantly different from the CIH group, but the ratio of bax/bcl-2 was significantly increased in the OC group （P 〈0.05）; this was associated with severe cardiomycyte apoptosis in the OC group. TUNEL confirmed this observation. Conclusions This study found that CIH may induce oxidative stress in OVX rats but not in CIH rats, and cause more severe cardiomyocyte apoptosis in OVX rats compared with CIH rats. This means that OVX rats exposed to CIH suffered more severe cardiac injury compared with CIH rats due to reduced antioxidation. These findings may partly explain the reason why OSA has a worse cardiovascular impact on menopausal women, and emphasize the importance of detection and early treatment of OSA in menopausal patients.展开更多
文摘为了更好地满足航空、军事以及能源器件对于高功率化学电源的需求,对LTT65系列电池进行了优化,控制原有电池其他参数不变的同时,使得内部颗粒变小,优化后的电池对于放电倍率进行了提升。针对改进后的电池,首先对于电池的放电性能进行测试,得到放电深度的具体数值,其次根据电池放电后的电压回升问题通过HPPC(hybrid pulse power characteristic)方法对于内阻进行测试和计算。结果表明:电池在高SOC(state of charge)状态下内阻伴随着放电率的增加而减小,电池在较低SOC状态下内阻增加,呈现出一定的复杂趋势。最后对于该倍率状态下的电池温升进行分析,得到了电池温度会随着电池放电倍率的增加将会出现拐点的结论,电池的温度拐点出现在45℃,最大温度值为63℃,温升值为38℃,而后根据实验结果对于电池不同倍率下的温升、热功率等参数进行测定,对于电池的放热特性进行了整体研究。
文摘Background The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） increases after menopause in women, but remains under diagnosed because of social or lifestyle factors. It is important to evaluate the hazards of OSA on cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. We tested the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） may aggravate cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ovariectomized （OVX） Sprague Dawley （SD） rats; the changes of anti-oxidation ability in cardiac muscles may be one of the reasons for cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methods Forty-eight 60-day old female SD rats were randomly divided into a CIH group, OVX group, OVX±CIH （OC） group, and handled control （HC） group, and the rats were exposed either to CIH （nadir 02 6%） or handled normoxic controls. The changes of body weight and whole heart weight were measured. Super oxide dismutase （SOD） and malonaldehyde （MDA） were used to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to measure apoptosis in each rat. Western blotting was used to measure apoptosis associated proteins in cardiac muscle samples from each rat. Results When compared with the HC and CIH groups, the levels of oxidative stress in the OC and OVX groups were significantly higher. The levels of SOD in the HC, CIH, OC, and OVX groups were （47.99±4.89）, （53.60±4.47）, （20.99±2.72）, and （30.64±3.79） mmol/mg protein; significantly increased in the CIH group （P 〈0.05） and significantly decreased in the OC （P 〈0.01） and OVX （P 〈0.05） groups. The levels of MDA in the HC, CIH, OVX, and OC groups were （1.63±0.20）, （1.93±0.77）, （3.30±0.39）, and （1.95_±0.20） mmol/mg protein; it significantly increased in the CIH （P 〈0.05）, OC （P 〈0.01）, and OVX （P 〈0.05） groups compared with the HC group. Bax protein expression was significantly increased and bcl-2 protein expression was significantly reduced after CIH compared with HC rats （P 〈0.05）. The protein expression of bax and bcl-2 in the OC group was not significantly different from the CIH group, but the ratio of bax/bcl-2 was significantly increased in the OC group （P 〈0.05）; this was associated with severe cardiomycyte apoptosis in the OC group. TUNEL confirmed this observation. Conclusions This study found that CIH may induce oxidative stress in OVX rats but not in CIH rats, and cause more severe cardiomyocyte apoptosis in OVX rats compared with CIH rats. This means that OVX rats exposed to CIH suffered more severe cardiac injury compared with CIH rats due to reduced antioxidation. These findings may partly explain the reason why OSA has a worse cardiovascular impact on menopausal women, and emphasize the importance of detection and early treatment of OSA in menopausal patients.
