Photodetection has attracted significant attention for information transmission.While the implementation relies primarily on the photonic detectors,they are predominantly constrained by the intrinsic bandgap of active...Photodetection has attracted significant attention for information transmission.While the implementation relies primarily on the photonic detectors,they are predominantly constrained by the intrinsic bandgap of active materials.On the other hand,photothermoelectric(PTE)detectors have garnered substantial research interest for their promising capabilities in broadband detection,owing to the self-driven photovoltages induced by the temperature differences.To get higher performances,it is crucial to localize light and heat energies for efficient conversion.However,there is limited research on the energy conversion in PTE detectors at micro/nano scale.In this study,we have achieved a twoorder-of-magnitude enhancement in photovoltage responsivity in the self-rolled tubular tellurium(Te)photodetector with PTE effect.Under illumination,the tubular device demonstrates a maximum photovoltage responsivity of 252.13 VW^(-1)and a large detectivity of 1.48×10^(11)Jones.We disclose the mechanism of the PTE conversion in the tubular structure with the assistance of theoretical simulation.In addition,the device exhibits excellent performances in wide-angle and polarization-dependent detection.This work presents an approach to remarkably improve the performance of photodetector by concentrating light and corresponding heat generated,and the proposed self-rolled devices thus hold remarkable promises for next-generation on-chip photodetection.展开更多
Optical microcavities, which support whispering gallery modes, have attracted tremendous attention in both fundamental research and potential applications. The emerging of two-dimensional materials offers a feasible s...Optical microcavities, which support whispering gallery modes, have attracted tremendous attention in both fundamental research and potential applications. The emerging of two-dimensional materials offers a feasible solution to improve the performance of traditional microcavity-based optical devices. Besides, the integration of two-dimensional materials with microcavities will benefit the research of heterogeneous materials on novel devices in photonics and optoelectronics, which is dominated by the strongly enhanced light–matter interaction.This review focuses on the research of heterogeneous two-dimensional-material whispering-gallery-mode microcavities, opening a myriad of lab-on-chip applications, such as optomechanics, quantum photonics, comb generation, and low-threshold microlasing.展开更多
Flexible devices have attracted abundant attention in energy storage systems.In this paper,we presented a novel approach for fabricating flexible supercapacitor based on metal organic frameworks-derived material.In th...Flexible devices have attracted abundant attention in energy storage systems.In this paper,we presented a novel approach for fabricating flexible supercapacitor based on metal organic frameworks-derived material.In this approach,a uniform zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 layer with a high mass loading was deposited on a flexible carbon foam(CF)skeleton efficiently by the induction of a uniform ZnO nanomembrane prepared via an atomic layer deposition technique.A flexible N-doped carbon particle-carbon foam(N-CP-CF)composite with a hierarchically porous structure and a large specific surface area(i.e.,538 m^(2) g^(-1))was obtained in a subsequent pyrolysis process.The resultant materials have the excellent electrochemical performance(i.e.,a high specific capacitance of 300 F g^(-1) and a high energy density of 20.8 W h kg^(-1)).The N-CP-CF composite can provide a stable capacitance(i.e.,250 F g^(-1))and an energy density(i.e.,17.36 W h kg^(-1))under large deformation(25% of original thickness).This work could propose a promising strategy in fabrication of flexible electrode with a large potential towards energy storage applications in the future.展开更多
Practical implementation of minimally invasive biomedical applications has been a long-sought goal for microrobots.In this field,most previous studies only demonstrate microrobots with locomotion ability or performing...Practical implementation of minimally invasive biomedical applications has been a long-sought goal for microrobots.In this field,most previous studies only demonstrate microrobots with locomotion ability or performing a single task,unable to be functionalized effectively.Here,we propose a biocompatible shape memory alloy helical microrobot with regulative structure transformation,making it possible to adjust its motion behavior and mechanical properties precisely.Especially,towards vascular occlusion problem,these microrobots reveal a fundamental solution strategy in the mechanical capability using shape memory effect.Such shape-transformable microrobots can not only manipulate thrust and torque by structure to enhance the unclogging efficiency as a microdriler but also utilize the high work energy to apply the expandable helical tail as a selfpropulsive stent.The strategy takes advantage of untethered manipulation to operate microsurgery without unnecessary damage.This study opens a route to functionalize microrobots via accurate tuning in structures,motions,and mechanical properties.展开更多
Pre-strained nanomembranes with four embedded quantum wells（QWs） are rolled up into threedimensional（3D） tubular QW infrared photodetectors（QWIPs）,which are based on the QW intersubband transition（ISBT）.A reds...Pre-strained nanomembranes with four embedded quantum wells（QWs） are rolled up into threedimensional（3D） tubular QW infrared photodetectors（QWIPs）,which are based on the QW intersubband transition（ISBT）.A redshift of ～0.42 meV in photocurrent response spectra is observed and attributed to two strain contributions due to the rolling of the pre-strained nanomembranes.One is the overall strain that mainly leads to a redshift of ～0.5 meV,and the other is the strain gradient which results in a very tiny variation.The blue shift of the photocurrent response spectra with the external bias are also observed as quantum-confined Stark effect（QCSE）in the ISBT.展开更多
Precise assembly of active component with sophisticated confinement in electrocatalyst are promising to increase the active site exposure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,PCN-333 films with mesopores...Precise assembly of active component with sophisticated confinement in electrocatalyst are promising to increase the active site exposure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,PCN-333 films with mesopores are firstly assembled on titanium carbide MXene with the assistance of atomic layer deposited oxide nanomembrane.With the whereafter pyrolysis process,the composite is converted to Ndoped porous carbon multi-layer containing Fe nanoparticles.The strong confinement of Fe active particle in carbon as well as great contact between metal and carbon effectively enhance active site exposure.Furthermore,this multi-layer porous structure provides high specific surface area and plentiful mesopores for electrolyte penetration.Due to the structural advantage,the composite can be well functioned in both acid and alkaline electrolytes with excellent HER performance,e.g.,low overpotential/Tafel slope.The present work may have great potential in developing high efficiency transition-metal based electrocatalysts.展开更多
Silicon nanomembrane（SiNM）transistors gated by chitosan membrane were fabricated on plastic substrate to mimic synapse behaviors.The device has both a bottom proton gate（BG）and multiple side gates（SG）.Electrical...Silicon nanomembrane（SiNM）transistors gated by chitosan membrane were fabricated on plastic substrate to mimic synapse behaviors.The device has both a bottom proton gate（BG）and multiple side gates（SG）.Electrical transfer properties of BG show hysteresis curves different from those of typical SiO2 gate dielectric.Synaptic behaviors and functions by linear accumulation and release of protons have been mimicked on this device：excitatory post-synaptic current（EPSC）and paired pulse facilitation behavior of biological synapses were mimicked and the paired-pulse facilitation index could be effectively tuned by the spike interval applied on the BG.Synaptic behaviors and functions,including short-term memory and long-term memory,were also experimentally demonstrated in BG mode.Meanwhile,spiking logic operation and logic modulation were realized in SG mode.展开更多
Printed and flexible electronics are definitely promising cutting-edge electronic technologies of the future. They offer a wide-variety of applications such as flexible circuits, flexible displays, flexible solar cell...Printed and flexible electronics are definitely promising cutting-edge electronic technologies of the future. They offer a wide-variety of applications such as flexible circuits, flexible displays, flexible solar cells, skinlike pressure sensors, and radio frequency identification tags in our daily life. As the most-fundamental component of electronics, electrodes are made of conductive materials that play a key role in flexible and printed electronic devices. In this review, various inorganic conductive materials and strategies for obtaining highly conductive and uniform electrodes are demonstrated. Applications of printed electrodes fabricated via these strategies are also described. Nevertheless, there are a number of challenges yet to overcome to optimize the processing and performance of printed electrodes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFA0715302 and 2021YFE0191800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62375054)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22ZR1405000)Fudan Nano-fabrication Laboratory,ShanghaiTech Quantum Device Lab,and ShanghaiTech Soft Matter Nanofab(No.SMN180827).
文摘Photodetection has attracted significant attention for information transmission.While the implementation relies primarily on the photonic detectors,they are predominantly constrained by the intrinsic bandgap of active materials.On the other hand,photothermoelectric(PTE)detectors have garnered substantial research interest for their promising capabilities in broadband detection,owing to the self-driven photovoltages induced by the temperature differences.To get higher performances,it is crucial to localize light and heat energies for efficient conversion.However,there is limited research on the energy conversion in PTE detectors at micro/nano scale.In this study,we have achieved a twoorder-of-magnitude enhancement in photovoltage responsivity in the self-rolled tubular tellurium(Te)photodetector with PTE effect.Under illumination,the tubular device demonstrates a maximum photovoltage responsivity of 252.13 VW^(-1)and a large detectivity of 1.48×10^(11)Jones.We disclose the mechanism of the PTE conversion in the tubular structure with the assistance of theoretical simulation.In addition,the device exhibits excellent performances in wide-angle and polarization-dependent detection.This work presents an approach to remarkably improve the performance of photodetector by concentrating light and corresponding heat generated,and the proposed self-rolled devices thus hold remarkable promises for next-generation on-chip photodetection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U1632115,51711540298)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM)(19XD1400600,17JC1401700)+1 种基金Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2015ZX02102-003)Changjiang Young Scholars Program of China
文摘Optical microcavities, which support whispering gallery modes, have attracted tremendous attention in both fundamental research and potential applications. The emerging of two-dimensional materials offers a feasible solution to improve the performance of traditional microcavity-based optical devices. Besides, the integration of two-dimensional materials with microcavities will benefit the research of heterogeneous materials on novel devices in photonics and optoelectronics, which is dominated by the strongly enhanced light–matter interaction.This review focuses on the research of heterogeneous two-dimensional-material whispering-gallery-mode microcavities, opening a myriad of lab-on-chip applications, such as optomechanics, quantum photonics, comb generation, and low-threshold microlasing.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61975035 and U1632115)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.17JC1401700)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFE0112000 and 2015ZX02102-003)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(19XD1400600).
文摘Flexible devices have attracted abundant attention in energy storage systems.In this paper,we presented a novel approach for fabricating flexible supercapacitor based on metal organic frameworks-derived material.In this approach,a uniform zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 layer with a high mass loading was deposited on a flexible carbon foam(CF)skeleton efficiently by the induction of a uniform ZnO nanomembrane prepared via an atomic layer deposition technique.A flexible N-doped carbon particle-carbon foam(N-CP-CF)composite with a hierarchically porous structure and a large specific surface area(i.e.,538 m^(2) g^(-1))was obtained in a subsequent pyrolysis process.The resultant materials have the excellent electrochemical performance(i.e.,a high specific capacitance of 300 F g^(-1) and a high energy density of 20.8 W h kg^(-1)).The N-CP-CF composite can provide a stable capacitance(i.e.,250 F g^(-1))and an energy density(i.e.,17.36 W h kg^(-1))under large deformation(25% of original thickness).This work could propose a promising strategy in fabrication of flexible electrode with a large potential towards energy storage applications in the future.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51961145108,61975035,and 62005050)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(no.19XD1400600)+1 种基金Cui thanks the support from Shanghai Sailing Program(no.21YF1401600)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(no.21ZR1403500).
文摘Practical implementation of minimally invasive biomedical applications has been a long-sought goal for microrobots.In this field,most previous studies only demonstrate microrobots with locomotion ability or performing a single task,unable to be functionalized effectively.Here,we propose a biocompatible shape memory alloy helical microrobot with regulative structure transformation,making it possible to adjust its motion behavior and mechanical properties precisely.Especially,towards vascular occlusion problem,these microrobots reveal a fundamental solution strategy in the mechanical capability using shape memory effect.Such shape-transformable microrobots can not only manipulate thrust and torque by structure to enhance the unclogging efficiency as a microdriler but also utilize the high work energy to apply the expandable helical tail as a selfpropulsive stent.The strategy takes advantage of untethered manipulation to operate microsurgery without unnecessary damage.This study opens a route to functionalize microrobots via accurate tuning in structures,motions,and mechanical properties.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51322201,61575213)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.14JC 1400200)
文摘Pre-strained nanomembranes with four embedded quantum wells（QWs） are rolled up into threedimensional（3D） tubular QW infrared photodetectors（QWIPs）,which are based on the QW intersubband transition（ISBT）.A redshift of ～0.42 meV in photocurrent response spectra is observed and attributed to two strain contributions due to the rolling of the pre-strained nanomembranes.One is the overall strain that mainly leads to a redshift of ～0.5 meV,and the other is the strain gradient which results in a very tiny variation.The blue shift of the photocurrent response spectra with the external bias are also observed as quantum-confined Stark effect（QCSE）in the ISBT.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2021YFA0715302 and 2021YFE0191800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975035 and 52203328)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22ZR1405000 and 20501130700)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0066 and 2022TQ0067)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics(IOSKL2020KF03).
文摘Precise assembly of active component with sophisticated confinement in electrocatalyst are promising to increase the active site exposure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,PCN-333 films with mesopores are firstly assembled on titanium carbide MXene with the assistance of atomic layer deposited oxide nanomembrane.With the whereafter pyrolysis process,the composite is converted to Ndoped porous carbon multi-layer containing Fe nanoparticles.The strong confinement of Fe active particle in carbon as well as great contact between metal and carbon effectively enhance active site exposure.Furthermore,this multi-layer porous structure provides high specific surface area and plentiful mesopores for electrolyte penetration.Due to the structural advantage,the composite can be well functioned in both acid and alkaline electrolytes with excellent HER performance,e.g.,low overpotential/Tafel slope.The present work may have great potential in developing high efficiency transition-metal based electrocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51322201)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120071110025)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.14JC1400200)
文摘Silicon nanomembrane（SiNM）transistors gated by chitosan membrane were fabricated on plastic substrate to mimic synapse behaviors.The device has both a bottom proton gate（BG）and multiple side gates（SG）.Electrical transfer properties of BG show hysteresis curves different from those of typical SiO2 gate dielectric.Synaptic behaviors and functions by linear accumulation and release of protons have been mimicked on this device：excitatory post-synaptic current（EPSC）and paired pulse facilitation behavior of biological synapses were mimicked and the paired-pulse facilitation index could be effectively tuned by the spike interval applied on the BG.Synaptic behaviors and functions,including short-term memory and long-term memory,were also experimentally demonstrated in BG mode.Meanwhile,spiking logic operation and logic modulation were realized in SG mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51475093,U1632115)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.14JC1400200)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015ZX02102-003)the Changjiang Young Scholars Programme of China
文摘Printed and flexible electronics are definitely promising cutting-edge electronic technologies of the future. They offer a wide-variety of applications such as flexible circuits, flexible displays, flexible solar cells, skinlike pressure sensors, and radio frequency identification tags in our daily life. As the most-fundamental component of electronics, electrodes are made of conductive materials that play a key role in flexible and printed electronic devices. In this review, various inorganic conductive materials and strategies for obtaining highly conductive and uniform electrodes are demonstrated. Applications of printed electrodes fabricated via these strategies are also described. Nevertheless, there are a number of challenges yet to overcome to optimize the processing and performance of printed electrodes.
