目的探究医科达Agility多叶准直器直线加速器在调强放射治疗计划中的剂量学优势。方法选择采用Monaco系统的30例肿瘤患者,其中男性14例,女性16例;年龄44~69岁,平均年龄58岁;肿瘤类型,头部肿瘤5例,颈部肿瘤5例,胸部肿瘤5例,乳腺癌5例,腹...目的探究医科达Agility多叶准直器直线加速器在调强放射治疗计划中的剂量学优势。方法选择采用Monaco系统的30例肿瘤患者,其中男性14例,女性16例;年龄44~69岁,平均年龄58岁;肿瘤类型,头部肿瘤5例,颈部肿瘤5例,胸部肿瘤5例,乳腺癌5例,腹部肿瘤5例,盆腔肿瘤5例。先用MLCi2多叶准直器进行放射治疗设计(MLCi2 MLC计划)。不改变计划,再用Agility多叶准直器进行放射治疗设计(Agility MLC计划)。加速器升级成Agility多叶准直器前后调强放射治疗计划的适形度指数、均匀性指数及各类危及器官剂量的差异性进行比较。结果不同放射治疗设计下,30例癌症患者计划靶区的均匀性指数(0.13±0.07 vs 0.10±0.05)和适形度指数(0.73±0.17 vs 0.75±0.13),腹部肿瘤患者计划靶区的均匀性指数(0.12±0.09 vs 0.09±0.03)和适形度指数(0.78±0.05 vs 0.81±0.06),以及肺(V20)[(23.53±11.80)cm^(3)vs(20.85±9.23)cm^(3)]、小肠(D_(max))[(5344.67±407.89)cGy vs(5244.76±361.13)cGy]、腮腺(V_(50))[(18.34±7.72)cm^(3)vs(12.23±10.27)cm^(3)]重要危及器官差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Agility多叶准直器会产生大量的孤岛野,孤岛野达到总射野数的50.0%、52.3%、55.6%,孤岛野会大幅度提高双靶区患者的靶区适形度和均匀性。结论Agility多叶准直器对肿瘤的调强放射治疗计划的靶区均匀性和危及器官的保护限制均具有优势,尤其针对腹部肿瘤和双靶区患者。展开更多
Light deficiency is a growing abiotic stress in rice production.However,few studies focus on shading effects on grain yield and quality of rice in East China.It is also essential to investigate proper nitrogen(N)appli...Light deficiency is a growing abiotic stress in rice production.However,few studies focus on shading effects on grain yield and quality of rice in East China.It is also essential to investigate proper nitrogen(N)application strategies that can effectively alleviate the negative impacts of light deficiency on grain yield and quality in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of shading(non-shading and shading from heading to maturity)and panicle N application(NDP,decreased panicle N rate;NMP,medium panicle N rate;NIP,increased panicle N rate)treatments on rice yield-and quality-related characteristics.Compared with non-shading,shading resulted in a 9.5-14.8%yield loss(P<0.05),mainly due to lower filled-grain percentage and grain weight.NMP and NIP had higher(P<0.05)grain yield than NDP under non-shading,and no significant difference was observed in rice grain yield among NDP,NMP,and NIP under shading.Compared with NMP and NIP,NDP achieved less yield loss under shading because of the increased filled-grain percentage and grain weight.Shading reduced leaf photosynthetic rate after heading,as well as shoot biomass weight at maturity,shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at maturity(P<0.05).The harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve of NDP were increased under shading.Shading decreased(P<0.05)percentages of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and amylose content while increasing(P<0.05)chalky rice percentage,chalky area,chalky degree,and grain protein.NMP demonstrated a better milling quality under non-shading,while NDP demonstrated under shading.NDP exhibited both lower chalky rice percentage,chalky area,and chalky degree under non-shading and shading,compared with NMP and NIP.NDP under shading decreased amylose content and breakdown but increased grain protein content and setback,contributing to similar overall palatability to non-shading.Our results suggested severe grain yield and quality penalty of rice when subjected to shading after heading.NDP improved NSC remobilization,harvest index,and sink-filling efficiency and alleviated yield loss under shading.Besides,NDP would maintain rice’s milling,appearance,and cooking and eating qualities under shading.Proper N management with a decreased panicle N rate could be adopted to mitigate the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and quality.展开更多
旨在定量描述甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素养分积累动态变化,基于模型分析方法从氮素营养层面阐明甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻高产形成机制。2015—2016年,以甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻甬优2640和甬优1640、常规粳稻扬粳4038和扬粳4227、杂交籼稻新...旨在定量描述甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素养分积累动态变化,基于模型分析方法从氮素营养层面阐明甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻高产形成机制。2015—2016年,以甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻甬优2640和甬优1640、常规粳稻扬粳4038和扬粳4227、杂交籼稻新两优6380和扬两优6号为试材,比较研究其栽后植株氮素积累特征差异。籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量达11.65 t hm^-2,显著高于常规粳稻(10.74 t hm^-2)和杂交籼稻(10.01 t hm^-2)。成熟期植株氮素吸收量和百千克籽粒吸氮量亦高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。成熟期植株各器官氮素吸收量及其所占比例,籼粳杂交稻以穗部最多,叶片其次,茎鞘最少;常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则均以穗部最多,茎鞘其次,叶片最少。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻成熟期叶片氮素吸收量占植株总吸氮量的比例较高,穗部氮素吸收量所占比例则较低。不同类型品种栽后植株氮素积累动态均以Gompertz方程拟合效果较好,拟合系数一般在0.995左右。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻在各阶段氮素积累量均具优势,在快增期是由于其较高的持续天数和氮素积累速率,渐增期和缓增期是由于其较高的氮素积累速率。本文提出了符合不同类型水稻栽后植株群体氮素积累动态变化特征的Gompertz模型,并采用该模型分析了甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素积累优势。展开更多
Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings(MC) and mechanical direct seeding(MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and ...Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings(MC) and mechanical direct seeding(MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and rice quality under different planting methods is of great importance for the development of high quality and yield cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions. Therefore, three kinds of japonica rice including hybrid japonica rice, inbreed japonica rice, and soft rice were adopted as materials. And the differences in the quality of processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality, nutrition, and the rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) profile were studied to reveal the effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice. Results showed that the milled rice and head rice rates under MC was significantly higher than those under MD, and the processing quality of inbreed japonica rice was the most stable. Compared with MC, length/width ratio of rice under MD was significantly increased, and chalkiness rate, size, and degree were significantly decreased. The protein content under MD was lower than that under MC. MC showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value than MD. The taste value was the greatest for soft rice, followed by inbreed japonica rice, and then by japonica hybrid rice, with no significant differences resulting from planting methods. Compared with MC, MD significantly improved the appearance quality, though processing quality and nutritional quality were decreased. And there was no significant difference in cooking and eating quality between MC and MD. Under different planting methods, the appearance quality of inbreed japonica rice changed the most and the processing quality was the most stable. The nutritional, cooking and eating quality of soft rice changed the least. Therefore, according to the different planting methods and market needs, selecting the appropriate rice varieties can reduce the risks in rice production and achieve good rice quality.展开更多
It is widely reported that japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)have superior grain yield over other main varietal groups such as indica hybrids(IH)under sufficient resource inputs.To date,little attention has been paid to yie...It is widely reported that japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)have superior grain yield over other main varietal groups such as indica hybrids(IH)under sufficient resource inputs.To date,little attention has been paid to yield performance of JIH under input-reduced practices,and whether JIH could have better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.In this study,three JIH varieties and three IH varieties were compared in grain yield and their related morpho-physiological traits under two cultivation modes,i.e.,conventional high-yielding method(CHYM)and double reductions in nitrogen rate and planting density(DRNP).Our results showed that JIH had 8.3 and 13.3%higher grain yield over IH under CHYM and DRNP,respectively.The superior grain yield of JIH over IH under DRNP was mainly attributed to larger sink size and improved sink filling efficiency.Three main morpho-physiological traits were concluded for better yield performance of JIH over IH under DRNP.Firstly,JIH had the reduced unproductive tillers growth,indicated by a higher percentage of productive tillers and the percentage of effective leaf area index(LAI)to total LAI at heading stage.Secondly,a synergistic increase in biomass accumulation and harvest index were achieved of JIH,supported by higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during the main growth periods,and improved non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)remobilization after heading.Thirdly,JIH had an improved canopy structure,showing as higher leaf area of upper three leaves and lower light extinction coefficient.Our results suggested that improved morpho-physiological traits of JIH could lead to better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.展开更多
文摘目的探究医科达Agility多叶准直器直线加速器在调强放射治疗计划中的剂量学优势。方法选择采用Monaco系统的30例肿瘤患者,其中男性14例,女性16例;年龄44~69岁,平均年龄58岁;肿瘤类型,头部肿瘤5例,颈部肿瘤5例,胸部肿瘤5例,乳腺癌5例,腹部肿瘤5例,盆腔肿瘤5例。先用MLCi2多叶准直器进行放射治疗设计(MLCi2 MLC计划)。不改变计划,再用Agility多叶准直器进行放射治疗设计(Agility MLC计划)。加速器升级成Agility多叶准直器前后调强放射治疗计划的适形度指数、均匀性指数及各类危及器官剂量的差异性进行比较。结果不同放射治疗设计下,30例癌症患者计划靶区的均匀性指数(0.13±0.07 vs 0.10±0.05)和适形度指数(0.73±0.17 vs 0.75±0.13),腹部肿瘤患者计划靶区的均匀性指数(0.12±0.09 vs 0.09±0.03)和适形度指数(0.78±0.05 vs 0.81±0.06),以及肺(V20)[(23.53±11.80)cm^(3)vs(20.85±9.23)cm^(3)]、小肠(D_(max))[(5344.67±407.89)cGy vs(5244.76±361.13)cGy]、腮腺(V_(50))[(18.34±7.72)cm^(3)vs(12.23±10.27)cm^(3)]重要危及器官差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Agility多叶准直器会产生大量的孤岛野,孤岛野达到总射野数的50.0%、52.3%、55.6%,孤岛野会大幅度提高双靶区患者的靶区适形度和均匀性。结论Agility多叶准直器对肿瘤的调强放射治疗计划的靶区均匀性和危及器官的保护限制均具有优势,尤其针对腹部肿瘤和双靶区患者。
基金This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022,31901448 and 32001466)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(2020M671628 and 2020M671629)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(19KJB210004)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2019343)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China.
文摘Light deficiency is a growing abiotic stress in rice production.However,few studies focus on shading effects on grain yield and quality of rice in East China.It is also essential to investigate proper nitrogen(N)application strategies that can effectively alleviate the negative impacts of light deficiency on grain yield and quality in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of shading(non-shading and shading from heading to maturity)and panicle N application(NDP,decreased panicle N rate;NMP,medium panicle N rate;NIP,increased panicle N rate)treatments on rice yield-and quality-related characteristics.Compared with non-shading,shading resulted in a 9.5-14.8%yield loss(P<0.05),mainly due to lower filled-grain percentage and grain weight.NMP and NIP had higher(P<0.05)grain yield than NDP under non-shading,and no significant difference was observed in rice grain yield among NDP,NMP,and NIP under shading.Compared with NMP and NIP,NDP achieved less yield loss under shading because of the increased filled-grain percentage and grain weight.Shading reduced leaf photosynthetic rate after heading,as well as shoot biomass weight at maturity,shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at maturity(P<0.05).The harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve of NDP were increased under shading.Shading decreased(P<0.05)percentages of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and amylose content while increasing(P<0.05)chalky rice percentage,chalky area,chalky degree,and grain protein.NMP demonstrated a better milling quality under non-shading,while NDP demonstrated under shading.NDP exhibited both lower chalky rice percentage,chalky area,and chalky degree under non-shading and shading,compared with NMP and NIP.NDP under shading decreased amylose content and breakdown but increased grain protein content and setback,contributing to similar overall palatability to non-shading.Our results suggested severe grain yield and quality penalty of rice when subjected to shading after heading.NDP improved NSC remobilization,harvest index,and sink-filling efficiency and alleviated yield loss under shading.Besides,NDP would maintain rice’s milling,appearance,and cooking and eating qualities under shading.Proper N management with a decreased panicle N rate could be adopted to mitigate the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and quality.
文摘旨在定量描述甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素养分积累动态变化,基于模型分析方法从氮素营养层面阐明甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻高产形成机制。2015—2016年,以甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻甬优2640和甬优1640、常规粳稻扬粳4038和扬粳4227、杂交籼稻新两优6380和扬两优6号为试材,比较研究其栽后植株氮素积累特征差异。籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量达11.65 t hm^-2,显著高于常规粳稻(10.74 t hm^-2)和杂交籼稻(10.01 t hm^-2)。成熟期植株氮素吸收量和百千克籽粒吸氮量亦高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。成熟期植株各器官氮素吸收量及其所占比例,籼粳杂交稻以穗部最多,叶片其次,茎鞘最少;常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则均以穗部最多,茎鞘其次,叶片最少。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻成熟期叶片氮素吸收量占植株总吸氮量的比例较高,穗部氮素吸收量所占比例则较低。不同类型品种栽后植株氮素积累动态均以Gompertz方程拟合效果较好,拟合系数一般在0.995左右。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻在各阶段氮素积累量均具优势,在快增期是由于其较高的持续天数和氮素积累速率,渐增期和缓增期是由于其较高的氮素积累速率。本文提出了符合不同类型水稻栽后植株群体氮素积累动态变化特征的Gompertz模型,并采用该模型分析了甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素积累优势。
基金grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2016344)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System,China(JATS[2018]298)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings(MC) and mechanical direct seeding(MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and rice quality under different planting methods is of great importance for the development of high quality and yield cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions. Therefore, three kinds of japonica rice including hybrid japonica rice, inbreed japonica rice, and soft rice were adopted as materials. And the differences in the quality of processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality, nutrition, and the rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) profile were studied to reveal the effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice. Results showed that the milled rice and head rice rates under MC was significantly higher than those under MD, and the processing quality of inbreed japonica rice was the most stable. Compared with MC, length/width ratio of rice under MD was significantly increased, and chalkiness rate, size, and degree were significantly decreased. The protein content under MD was lower than that under MC. MC showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value than MD. The taste value was the greatest for soft rice, followed by inbreed japonica rice, and then by japonica hybrid rice, with no significant differences resulting from planting methods. Compared with MC, MD significantly improved the appearance quality, though processing quality and nutritional quality were decreased. And there was no significant difference in cooking and eating quality between MC and MD. Under different planting methods, the appearance quality of inbreed japonica rice changed the most and the processing quality was the most stable. The nutritional, cooking and eating quality of soft rice changed the least. Therefore, according to the different planting methods and market needs, selecting the appropriate rice varieties can reduce the risks in rice production and achieve good rice quality.
基金This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901448)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(19KJB210004)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China.
文摘It is widely reported that japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)have superior grain yield over other main varietal groups such as indica hybrids(IH)under sufficient resource inputs.To date,little attention has been paid to yield performance of JIH under input-reduced practices,and whether JIH could have better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.In this study,three JIH varieties and three IH varieties were compared in grain yield and their related morpho-physiological traits under two cultivation modes,i.e.,conventional high-yielding method(CHYM)and double reductions in nitrogen rate and planting density(DRNP).Our results showed that JIH had 8.3 and 13.3%higher grain yield over IH under CHYM and DRNP,respectively.The superior grain yield of JIH over IH under DRNP was mainly attributed to larger sink size and improved sink filling efficiency.Three main morpho-physiological traits were concluded for better yield performance of JIH over IH under DRNP.Firstly,JIH had the reduced unproductive tillers growth,indicated by a higher percentage of productive tillers and the percentage of effective leaf area index(LAI)to total LAI at heading stage.Secondly,a synergistic increase in biomass accumulation and harvest index were achieved of JIH,supported by higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during the main growth periods,and improved non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)remobilization after heading.Thirdly,JIH had an improved canopy structure,showing as higher leaf area of upper three leaves and lower light extinction coefficient.Our results suggested that improved morpho-physiological traits of JIH could lead to better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.
