PHF19在肺腺癌中的表达及对免疫微环境的影响

目的:探讨PHD锌指蛋白19(PHF19)在肺腺癌中的表达水平、临床预后、遗传改变、甲基化值、生物学功能和免疫调节作用。方法:基于癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库肺腺癌的RNA队列数据,通过TIMER数据库、UALCAN数据库分析PHF19在肺腺癌和正常组织之间的表达差异及其表达水平与患者预后之间的关系,cBioPortal数据库、TIMER数据库分析PHF19在肺腺癌中的基因突变情况,UALCAN数据库分析PHF19在肺腺癌中的启动子甲基化水平,LinkedOmics数据库、KEGG数据库进行PHF19共表达基因的富集分析,TIMER数据库探索PHF19在肺腺癌中的表达与免疫浸润水平的相关性。结果:PHF19在肺腺癌组织中的表达上调,其高表达与肺腺癌患者的临床病理分期、淋巴结转移和总生存期缩短显著相关,0.9%的患者出现遗传变异,扩增和错义突变是最常见的突变,TP53突变可导致PHF19高表达,PHF19的启动子甲基化水平在肺腺癌中显著降低,PHF19的功能集中于细胞有丝分裂过程和细胞周期,PHF19表达水平与肿瘤免疫细胞浸润和免疫检查点表达呈显著相关。结论:PHF19可作为肺腺癌预后不良的标志物,并在肺腺癌的发生和发展中起着重要作用。

Expression of PHF19 in lung adenocarcinoma and its effect on immune microenvironment

Objective:To investigate the expression level,clinical prognosis,genetic changes,methylation value,biological function and immunomodulatory effects of PHF19 in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:Based on the RNA cohort data of lung adenocarcinoma in the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,the expression difference of PHF19 between lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissues and the relationship between the expression level and the prognosis of patients were analyzed by using TIMER database and UALCAN database.The gene mutation of PHF19 in lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed in cBioPortal database and TIMER database.The promoter methylation level of PHF19 in lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed in UALCAN database.The enrichment of PHF19 co-expression gene was analyzed in LinkedOmics database and KEGG database.The correlation between the expression of PHF19 in lung adenocarcinoma and the level of immunoinfiltration was explored in the TIMER database.Results:The expression of PHF19 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was up-regulated,and its high expression was significantly correlated with the pathological stage,lymph node metastasis and shortened overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients.Genetic variation was found in 0.9%of patients,amplification and missense mutation were the most common mutations,and TP53 mutation could lead to the high expression of PHF19.The promoter methylation level of PHF19 significantly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma.The function of PHF19 was focused on the process of cell mitosis and cell cycle.The expression level of PHF19 was significantly correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression.Conclusion:PHF19 can be used as a marker of poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma.

北方茶都:清代张家口茶叶贸易的变迁

张家口作为“万里茶道”上重要的商贸节点市镇,不仅是重要的军事重镇,同时也是北方茶都。清代的张家口较之明代,其职能发生如下变化:一是由军事重镇逐渐转向以茶叶贸易为主的商业集镇;二是由最初国内各民族间的茶马互市场所转向连接亚欧茶叶市场枢纽性市镇。茶马互市的开通、张库大道的形成、榷关的设立,共同促成了张家口北方茶都的形成,张家口茶叶贸易的兴衰是“万里茶道”兴衰的缩影。