The development of the classification of ferrallitic soils in China is reviewed and the classification ofFerralisols and Ferrisols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy is introduced in order to discuss the correlation betweenthe ...The development of the classification of ferrallitic soils in China is reviewed and the classification ofFerralisols and Ferrisols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy is introduced in order to discuss the correlation betweenthe ferrallitic soil classification in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy and those of the other soil classification systems.In the former soil classification systems of China, the ferrallitic soils were classified into the soil groups ofLatosols, Latosolic red soils, Red soils, Yellow soils and Dry red soils, according to the combination of soilforming conditions, soil-forming processes, soil features and soil properties. In the Chinese Soil Taxonomy,most of ferrallitic soils are classified into the soil orders of Ferralisols and Ferrisols based on the diagnostichorizons and/or diagnostic characteristics with quantitatively defined properties. Ferralisols are the soilsthat have ferralic horizon, and they are merely subdivided into one suborder and two soil groups. Ferrisolsare the soils that have LAC-ferric horizon but do not have ferralic horizon, and they are subdivided intothree suborders and eleven soil groups. Ferralisols may correspond to part of Latosols and Latosolic red soils.Ferrisols may either correspond to part of Red soils, Yellow soils and Dry red soils, or correspond to part ofLatosols and Latosolic red soils.展开更多
Major, trace and organic elements of a laterite profile developed on Neogene basalt on Hainan Island, South China were reported to investigate elements mobilization and redistribution in tropical regions. The results ...Major, trace and organic elements of a laterite profile developed on Neogene basalt on Hainan Island, South China were reported to investigate elements mobilization and redistribution in tropical regions. The results indicate that strong acid environment and organic matter(OM) can remarkably improve the transfer of insoluble elements. Among all the elements, Th is the least mobile. As for the general conservative elements during incipient chemical weathering, such as Ti, Zr, Hf and Nb, the removals are up to 30%–40% in the upper profile. And for Fe, Al, Cu and Ni, that tend to be combined with secondary minerals and to be retained in temperate zone, they are removed from the upper profile, transferred downwards, and then precipitated in the lower profile. In addition, atmospheric inputs, including sea salt aerosols and dust, have a profound effect on the budgets of elements that are susceptible to leaching losses(e.g. K, Na and Sr). Excluding the possibilities of groundwater and erosion, the remarkable increase of K, Na and Sr concentrations in the upper profile, together with dramatically upward increasing trends of the percentage changes of Sr/Th, K/Th and Na/Th ratios, show that atmospheric inputs, especially sea salt aerosols, contribute much extraneous seawater derived elements, such as K, Na and Sr to the soils. The overall elemental behaviors in this profile suggest that organic matter and atmospheric inputs play a very important role in the mobilization and redistribution of elements during extreme weathering in tropical regions.展开更多
文摘The development of the classification of ferrallitic soils in China is reviewed and the classification ofFerralisols and Ferrisols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy is introduced in order to discuss the correlation betweenthe ferrallitic soil classification in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy and those of the other soil classification systems.In the former soil classification systems of China, the ferrallitic soils were classified into the soil groups ofLatosols, Latosolic red soils, Red soils, Yellow soils and Dry red soils, according to the combination of soilforming conditions, soil-forming processes, soil features and soil properties. In the Chinese Soil Taxonomy,most of ferrallitic soils are classified into the soil orders of Ferralisols and Ferrisols based on the diagnostichorizons and/or diagnostic characteristics with quantitatively defined properties. Ferralisols are the soilsthat have ferralic horizon, and they are merely subdivided into one suborder and two soil groups. Ferrisolsare the soils that have LAC-ferric horizon but do not have ferralic horizon, and they are subdivided intothree suborders and eleven soil groups. Ferralisols may correspond to part of Latosols and Latosolic red soils.Ferrisols may either correspond to part of Red soils, Yellow soils and Dry red soils, or correspond to part ofLatosols and Latosolic red soils.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41071142 and 41301228)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.KZCX2-YW-409 and KZCX2-EW-405-1)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ13D010002)
文摘Major, trace and organic elements of a laterite profile developed on Neogene basalt on Hainan Island, South China were reported to investigate elements mobilization and redistribution in tropical regions. The results indicate that strong acid environment and organic matter(OM) can remarkably improve the transfer of insoluble elements. Among all the elements, Th is the least mobile. As for the general conservative elements during incipient chemical weathering, such as Ti, Zr, Hf and Nb, the removals are up to 30%–40% in the upper profile. And for Fe, Al, Cu and Ni, that tend to be combined with secondary minerals and to be retained in temperate zone, they are removed from the upper profile, transferred downwards, and then precipitated in the lower profile. In addition, atmospheric inputs, including sea salt aerosols and dust, have a profound effect on the budgets of elements that are susceptible to leaching losses(e.g. K, Na and Sr). Excluding the possibilities of groundwater and erosion, the remarkable increase of K, Na and Sr concentrations in the upper profile, together with dramatically upward increasing trends of the percentage changes of Sr/Th, K/Th and Na/Th ratios, show that atmospheric inputs, especially sea salt aerosols, contribute much extraneous seawater derived elements, such as K, Na and Sr to the soils. The overall elemental behaviors in this profile suggest that organic matter and atmospheric inputs play a very important role in the mobilization and redistribution of elements during extreme weathering in tropical regions.
