For the purpose of the research, the technologies for electricity generation are classified in four categories: CO_2-free-desspatchable(hydro, nuclear, and biomass fired), CO_2-free-non-desspatchable(wind generators a...For the purpose of the research, the technologies for electricity generation are classified in four categories: CO_2-free-desspatchable(hydro, nuclear, and biomass fired), CO_2-free-non-desspatchable(wind generators and photo voltaic), CO_2-dependent-despatchable and CO_2-dependent-non-despatchable ones. 3E indicator is introduced purposely to enable quantitative evaluation of the considered complex technology structures, as well as to provide support for decision making during the design and operation procedures of electricity generating systems. The application of the indicator is demonstrated with appropriate model numerical simulations for the general European conditions. In the model calculations are analyzed simplified technology mixes with CO_2 free, non-despatchable technologies in overall load, two technologies in base part of the residual load(lignite fired and nuclear), one technology in intermediate part of the residual load and one in the pick part of the residual load both CO_2 dependent, despatchable ones. The results show that the introduced 3E indicator is suitable for analysis of the technological combinations for electricity generation within considered countries. The results also show that increase participation of nuclear power plants in residual load domain contribute to better(lower) value of 3E indicator. The results obtained for technology structures in nine analyzed European countries(Germany, France, Austria, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Belgium and Netherlands) point out that the country with higher participation of CO_2 free despatchable and lower participation of CO_2 free non-despatchable technologies in electricity generation has tendency toward better i.e. lower value of 3E indicator. On the other hand the country with the higher participation of CO_2 free non-despatchable and lower to moderate participation of CO_2 free despatchable technologies has tendency toward the higher value of 3E indicator. These results are in accordance with the results obtained by numerical simulations with simplified technology mixes.展开更多
文摘For the purpose of the research, the technologies for electricity generation are classified in four categories: CO_2-free-desspatchable(hydro, nuclear, and biomass fired), CO_2-free-non-desspatchable(wind generators and photo voltaic), CO_2-dependent-despatchable and CO_2-dependent-non-despatchable ones. 3E indicator is introduced purposely to enable quantitative evaluation of the considered complex technology structures, as well as to provide support for decision making during the design and operation procedures of electricity generating systems. The application of the indicator is demonstrated with appropriate model numerical simulations for the general European conditions. In the model calculations are analyzed simplified technology mixes with CO_2 free, non-despatchable technologies in overall load, two technologies in base part of the residual load(lignite fired and nuclear), one technology in intermediate part of the residual load and one in the pick part of the residual load both CO_2 dependent, despatchable ones. The results show that the introduced 3E indicator is suitable for analysis of the technological combinations for electricity generation within considered countries. The results also show that increase participation of nuclear power plants in residual load domain contribute to better(lower) value of 3E indicator. The results obtained for technology structures in nine analyzed European countries(Germany, France, Austria, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Belgium and Netherlands) point out that the country with higher participation of CO_2 free despatchable and lower participation of CO_2 free non-despatchable technologies in electricity generation has tendency toward better i.e. lower value of 3E indicator. On the other hand the country with the higher participation of CO_2 free non-despatchable and lower to moderate participation of CO_2 free despatchable technologies has tendency toward the higher value of 3E indicator. These results are in accordance with the results obtained by numerical simulations with simplified technology mixes.
