磁流体润滑螺旋槽机械密封环角变形计算

为研究磁流体润滑螺旋槽机械密封稳态运行时密封环的角变形,推导了外磁场作用下磁流体的黏度公式;基于Muijderman窄槽理论,计算了磁流体润滑螺旋槽机械密封压力场和磁流体膜的开启力,分析了操作参数和螺旋槽结构参数对磁流体膜厚度和密封环角变形的影响。结果表明:磁流体膜厚度和密封环角变形随着转速、密封介质压力、电流、槽深、螺旋角的增大而增大,随着堰槽宽比和槽长比的增大而先增大后减小,随着闭合力的增大而减小。为了得到较高、较稳定的动压效应和较小的密封环角变形,应取槽长比为0.8,槽深为2.5~10.0μm,螺旋角为10°~15°。

双波纹自密封复合垫片结构优化及密封特性研究

针对管道高压工况条件,设计了一种具有自密封性能的镍钛合金双波纹复合垫片并对其进行研究。对自密封垫片结构参数进行优化设计,采用有限元方法研究了波纹数量、波纹幅值、波纹厚度和骨架厚度对垫片压缩回弹性能的影响,并比较了不同介质压力下相同结构参数的自密封垫片和常规波纹复合垫片的密封特性。结果表明,骨架厚度和波纹厚度对垫片回弹性能影响显著,自密封复合垫片最优设计方案为A_(2)B_(1)C_(1)D_(1)。相比于常规波纹复合垫片和双金属自密封波齿垫片,设计的自密封垫片在低介质压力下密封特性显著,在高介质压力下双波纹自密封复合垫片亦具有更好的密封性能。

工业纯钛TA2的室温压缩蠕变预测模型

在室温下对工业纯钛TA2进行恒应力(200～550 MPa)压缩蠕变试验和恒应变速率(1×10-5,5×10-5,5×10-4 s-1)压缩试验,采用幂律方程(蠕变方程)描述了其压缩蠕变行为,利用修正的Arrhenius方程(压缩本构方程)描述了压缩流变行为;建立了压缩蠕变方程参数和压缩本构方程参数的关系式,利用蠕变临界应力修正后,得到基于压缩试验数据的室温压缩蠕变预测模型,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:工业纯钛TA2的室温压缩蠕变临界应力为252MPa;修正后的Arrhenius方程可以很好地表征工业纯钛TA2的室温压缩变形行为;采用室温压缩蠕变预测模型计算得到的蠕变曲线与试验曲线的相对误差均在10%以内,模型较准确。

密封材料工业纯钛TA2中低温压缩蠕变行为

对工业纯钛TA2在不同温度以及不同压力下进行压缩蠕变实验,分析了工业纯钛TA2压缩稳态蠕变以及压缩瞬时蠕变行为,研究发现工业纯钛TA2在低温低应力条件下存在蠕变饱和现象。通过对蠕变数据分析计算得到TA2在353～523 K之间的蠕变激活能Qc=30 k J/mol,且稳态蠕变速率6)εs与应力σ之间满足幂律方程;运用一级动力学反应理论求得不同条件下工业纯钛TA2压缩瞬时蠕变参数,并建立了瞬时蠕变参数与稳态蠕变速率的关系。

Leakage Prediction Method for Contacting Mechanical Seals with Parallel Faces

Since the beginning of the 20th century, many researches on the sealing characteristic of mechanical seals were carried out broadly and in depth by various methods and some leakage models were built. But due to the lack of the way to characterize the main factors of influence on the leakage, most of the early researches were based on the assumptions that the seal faces topography and the frictional conditions were invariant. In the early built models, the effect of the surface topography change of the seal face on the leakage rate was neglected. Based on the fractal theory, the contact of end faces of the rotary and stationary rings was simplified to be the contact of a rough surface and an ideal rigid smooth surface, and the contact interface＇s cavity size-distribution function as well as the fractal characteristic of the cavity profile curve was discussed. By analyzing the influence of abrasion on the seal face topography and the leakage channel, the time-correlation leakage prediction model of mechanical seals based on the fractal theory was established and the method for predicting the leakage rate of mechanical seals with parallel plane was proposed. The values of the leakage rate predicted theoretically are similar to the measured values of the leakage rate in the model test and in situ test. The experimental results indicate that the leakage rate of mechanical seals is a transient value. The surface topography of the end faces of the seal tings and its change during the frictional wear of mechanical seals can be accurately characterized by the fractal parameters. Under the work conditions of changeless frictional mechanism, the fractal parameters measured or calculated based on the accelerated testing equation can be used to predict the leakage rate of mechanical seal in service. The proposed research provides the basis for determining the leakage state and predicting working life of mechanical seal.

Frictional heat transfer regularity of the fluid film in mechanical seals

The frictional heat transfer regularity in the mechanical seal system consisting of the rotating ring, the stationary ring, the fluid film in the end faces and the sealed medium was investigated. The primary factors affecting the frictional heat transfer regularity, such as the heat transfer coefficients from the rings to the sealed medium, the frictional heat flux, the frictional heat distribution ratio and so on, were discussed. The equations for calculating the temperature field both in the sealing members and in the fluid film were derived. The coupling analysis of the frictional heat of the fluid film and the thermal deformation of the two end faces of the rings was carried out to obtain the separation angle of the two deformed end faces in consideration of the viscosity change of the fluid film. The results indicate that the frictional heat of the fluid film heavily affects its characteristic and the sealing performance of mechanical seals. The frictional heat changes not only the shape of the gap between the end faces but also the viscosity of the fluid film, and thereupon leads to the increase of the leakage rate. The maximum temperature of the system is at the inner radius of the fluid film, and most of the frictional heat is conducted by the rotating ring. Based on the heat transfer analysis method put forward in this paper, the parameterized design of mechanical seals can be realized to determine the best geometrical parameters and to select the appropriate material of the sealing members.

TA2拉压力学性能不对称性及应变速率敏感性

研究了不同应变速率下工业纯钛TA2室温拉伸和压缩力学行为。结果发现,TA2具有明显的拉压屈服不对称性和拉压应变硬化不对称性;随着应变速率的增加,拉压不对称性有明显增加。采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术分析了拉伸和压缩时TA2微观变形机制及微观组织演化规律。结果表明,TA2压缩时以孪晶变形机制为主,拉伸时以位错滑移为主;TA2微观变形行为的载荷敏感性导致了宏观力学性能的不对称性。