In this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of constant temperature of 35℃and the volume of UBF is 4 liters.The experiment covered two stag...In this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of constant temperature of 35℃and the volume of UBF is 4 liters.The experiment covered two stages:the first was start up with phase I and phase II,the second was steady state.The following results average of operation period were obtained:(1)During the period of start up phase I operation the biogas production rate 0.39v/(v.day)at the volumetric COD loading rate of 2.97 kg COD/(m 3.d)with COD removal 76.85%and hydraulic retention time of 10.04 hours and phase II the biogas production rate 3.86 v/(v.day)at the volume loading rate 11.69 kg COD/(m 3.d)have been achieved with COD removal 82.47%and HRT 16.45 hours.UBF process had resistance to the quantitative shock load.(2)During the steady state operation,the biogas production rate 9.83v/(v.day)at loading rate of 28.85 kg COD/(m 3.d)and COD removal efficiency 80.03%and hydraulic retention time of 18.73 hours have been achieved for this reactor.The operation of UBF reactor was very stable.展开更多
The present study dealt with relationships between the degradation and humification process that the organic matter underwent during bacteria-mineral technology. An inverse correlation was found between the protein, l...The present study dealt with relationships between the degradation and humification process that the organic matter underwent during bacteria-mineral technology. An inverse correlation was found between the protein, lipid, and some of the humification indices considered, suggesting that the humification theory is actually humic substances produced from simple-structured natural organic substrates. Weight-average molecular weight （Mw）, number-average molecular weight （Mn）, and the ratio Mw/Mn of dissolved organic matters at different stages of the process were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that Mn and Mw increased with reaction time from 352 to 17,191, and from 78,707 to 104,564, respectively. The ratio of Mn/Mw decreased from 223.3 to 6.1. This reflected the growth of the polymerization degree of dissolvable organic matters in the process; furthermore, it indicated the formation of complex molecules （humic substances） from more simple molecules. Bacteria-mineral water （BMW） （the effluent of the process） treatments can exert hormone-like activity for enhanced seed germination of wheat and rice and greatly improved chlorophyll synthesis in wheat and rice leaves, Major polyamines （plant regulators） putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in BMW by a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method, which may explain the hormone-like activity of BMW.展开更多
An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and deni-trification.The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic c...An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and deni-trification.The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition,and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification.An average concentra-tion of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification.Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentra-tion increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L.The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm.The influent concen-tration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency,but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration.It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements.At optimum operating parameters,the TN removal efficiency of 74%-82%could be achieved.展开更多
Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions.The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facilit...Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions.The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facility and was acclimated in the laboratory.Indole and pyridine were supple-mented to the synthetic wastewater at different ratios.The optimum ratio of chemical oxygen demand(COD)to nitrate(C/N)was 8.4-8.9 for both denitrification and indole and pyridine degradation.At a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.0-7.5,the nitrate reductase activity(NRA)was in the best state.The addition of pyridine could promote NRA and the degradation of indole.When the initial concentration of indole was 150 mg/L,the concentration ratio of indole to pyridine was in the range of 1-10.Under optimum C/N conditions,the degradation of indole could be described with pseudo-zero-order kinetics.There was no accumulation of nitrite during the reaction.When the concentration ratio of pyridine to indole was less than 0.25 with an increase in the pyridine proportion,there were more significant augment rates for NRA and the degradation of indole than the situation when the concentration ratio was more than 0.25.展开更多
Wet air oxidation is an effective method to deal with highly concentrated nondegradable emulsification wastewater which contains non-ionic surfactants. This article illustrates our investigation on dynamic characteris...Wet air oxidation is an effective method to deal with highly concentrated nondegradable emulsification wastewater which contains non-ionic surfactants. This article illustrates our investigation on dynamic characteristics of wet air oxidation of typical non-ionic surfactants like polyether, phenol ether and widely used alcohol ether. The experimental results indicated that the oxidation rate of polyether, phenol ether and alcohol ether obviously ascended as the temperature rose. A good oxidation effect was available at 240℃. The TOC removal rate could reach 88.0%, 94% and 91.5%, after 125 min reaction. Alcohol ether was prone to an easier oxidation compared with polyether and phenol ether when the temperature was 220℃ or below. The oxidation rate of alcohol ether was higher than that of polyether at 160℃, while the oxidation rate of polyether was higher than that of phenol ether between 180℃ and 220℃. During the later period of the reaction at 240℃, the rate of phenol ether was higher than that of alcohol ether, which was still higher than that of polyether. Partitioned first order kinetics model analy-sis showed that the apparent activation energy of alcohol ether was lower than that of both polyether and phenol ether in the leading stage and lagging stage, and it was easy to acquire a higher oxidation rate for alcohol ether at low temperature. Three parameter general dynamics model analyses showed that the reason why the oxidation rate of polyether was lower than that of alcohol ether was that the oxidation of polyether was more apt to be converted to intermediate production than that of alcohol ether, whereas between 200℃ and 220℃, the direct oxidation rate of polyether and the oxidation rate of intermediate product were obviously lower than that of alcohol ether. The apparent activation energy of direct and indirect oxidation of polyether was 43.37 and 60.45 kJ?mol?1, respectively, while the corre-sponding apparent activation energy of alcohol was 38.74 and 58.09 kJ·mol?1, respectively.展开更多
文摘In this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of constant temperature of 35℃and the volume of UBF is 4 liters.The experiment covered two stages:the first was start up with phase I and phase II,the second was steady state.The following results average of operation period were obtained:(1)During the period of start up phase I operation the biogas production rate 0.39v/(v.day)at the volumetric COD loading rate of 2.97 kg COD/(m 3.d)with COD removal 76.85%and hydraulic retention time of 10.04 hours and phase II the biogas production rate 3.86 v/(v.day)at the volume loading rate 11.69 kg COD/(m 3.d)have been achieved with COD removal 82.47%and HRT 16.45 hours.UBF process had resistance to the quantitative shock load.(2)During the steady state operation,the biogas production rate 9.83v/(v.day)at loading rate of 28.85 kg COD/(m 3.d)and COD removal efficiency 80.03%and hydraulic retention time of 18.73 hours have been achieved for this reactor.The operation of UBF reactor was very stable.
文摘The present study dealt with relationships between the degradation and humification process that the organic matter underwent during bacteria-mineral technology. An inverse correlation was found between the protein, lipid, and some of the humification indices considered, suggesting that the humification theory is actually humic substances produced from simple-structured natural organic substrates. Weight-average molecular weight （Mw）, number-average molecular weight （Mn）, and the ratio Mw/Mn of dissolved organic matters at different stages of the process were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that Mn and Mw increased with reaction time from 352 to 17,191, and from 78,707 to 104,564, respectively. The ratio of Mn/Mw decreased from 223.3 to 6.1. This reflected the growth of the polymerization degree of dissolvable organic matters in the process; furthermore, it indicated the formation of complex molecules （humic substances） from more simple molecules. Bacteria-mineral water （BMW） （the effluent of the process） treatments can exert hormone-like activity for enhanced seed germination of wheat and rice and greatly improved chlorophyll synthesis in wheat and rice leaves, Major polyamines （plant regulators） putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in BMW by a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method, which may explain the hormone-like activity of BMW.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for International Key Cooperation(Grant No.50521140075)the Key Laboratory Opening Foundation of Beijing.
文摘An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and deni-trification.The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition,and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification.An average concentra-tion of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification.Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentra-tion increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L.The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm.The influent concen-tration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency,but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration.It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements.At optimum operating parameters,the TN removal efficiency of 74%-82%could be achieved.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50108009).
文摘Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions.The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facility and was acclimated in the laboratory.Indole and pyridine were supple-mented to the synthetic wastewater at different ratios.The optimum ratio of chemical oxygen demand(COD)to nitrate(C/N)was 8.4-8.9 for both denitrification and indole and pyridine degradation.At a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.0-7.5,the nitrate reductase activity(NRA)was in the best state.The addition of pyridine could promote NRA and the degradation of indole.When the initial concentration of indole was 150 mg/L,the concentration ratio of indole to pyridine was in the range of 1-10.Under optimum C/N conditions,the degradation of indole could be described with pseudo-zero-order kinetics.There was no accumulation of nitrite during the reaction.When the concentration ratio of pyridine to indole was less than 0.25 with an increase in the pyridine proportion,there were more significant augment rates for NRA and the degradation of indole than the situation when the concentration ratio was more than 0.25.
文摘Wet air oxidation is an effective method to deal with highly concentrated nondegradable emulsification wastewater which contains non-ionic surfactants. This article illustrates our investigation on dynamic characteristics of wet air oxidation of typical non-ionic surfactants like polyether, phenol ether and widely used alcohol ether. The experimental results indicated that the oxidation rate of polyether, phenol ether and alcohol ether obviously ascended as the temperature rose. A good oxidation effect was available at 240℃. The TOC removal rate could reach 88.0%, 94% and 91.5%, after 125 min reaction. Alcohol ether was prone to an easier oxidation compared with polyether and phenol ether when the temperature was 220℃ or below. The oxidation rate of alcohol ether was higher than that of polyether at 160℃, while the oxidation rate of polyether was higher than that of phenol ether between 180℃ and 220℃. During the later period of the reaction at 240℃, the rate of phenol ether was higher than that of alcohol ether, which was still higher than that of polyether. Partitioned first order kinetics model analy-sis showed that the apparent activation energy of alcohol ether was lower than that of both polyether and phenol ether in the leading stage and lagging stage, and it was easy to acquire a higher oxidation rate for alcohol ether at low temperature. Three parameter general dynamics model analyses showed that the reason why the oxidation rate of polyether was lower than that of alcohol ether was that the oxidation of polyether was more apt to be converted to intermediate production than that of alcohol ether, whereas between 200℃ and 220℃, the direct oxidation rate of polyether and the oxidation rate of intermediate product were obviously lower than that of alcohol ether. The apparent activation energy of direct and indirect oxidation of polyether was 43.37 and 60.45 kJ?mol?1, respectively, while the corre-sponding apparent activation energy of alcohol was 38.74 and 58.09 kJ·mol?1, respectively.
