为探究钾肥分期施用对冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率的影响,确定减氮条件下冬小麦高产高效的钾肥运筹方案,本试验选用高产强筋冬小麦品种藁优5766作为试验材料,于2018—2020年度冬小麦生长季,采用二因素随机区组设计,设置3个施氮水平:常规...为探究钾肥分期施用对冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率的影响,确定减氮条件下冬小麦高产高效的钾肥运筹方案,本试验选用高产强筋冬小麦品种藁优5766作为试验材料,于2018—2020年度冬小麦生长季,采用二因素随机区组设计,设置3个施氮水平:常规施氮水平(240 kg hm^(-2),N1)、减氮20%(192 kg hm^(-2),N2)、减氮40%(144 kg hm^(-2),N3),两种钾肥运筹方案:钾肥全部底施(K1)和分期施钾(底施50%、拔节期追施50%,K2)。结果表明,相同钾肥运筹方案下,N2处理的籽粒产量与N1处理无显著差异,N3处理的籽粒产量比N1处理显著降低,降幅达9.0%~11.6%。在相同施氮水平下,分期施钾可显著提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率。与K1处理相比,K2处理显著抑制硝态氮向深层土壤的淋溶,增加冬小麦植株氮素积累量,提高旗叶光合速率和硝酸还原酶活性、籽粒灌浆速率、穗粒数和千粒重;籽粒产量和氮素利用效率在常规施氮水平下两年度分别提高21.7%和20.2%,在减氮20%水平下两年度分别提高26.9%和26.2%,在减氮40%水平下两年度分别提高25.2%和21.1%。N3K2处理的籽粒产量、氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均显著高于N1K1处理。以上结果说明分期施钾在不同施氮水平下均能大幅度提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率,即使减氮40%,其籽粒产量仍显著高于常规施氮且钾肥全部底施的处理;采用192 kg hm^(-2)施氮量并配合分期施钾,冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收效率最高,氮素利用效率和氮肥偏生产力亦到达较高水平,是高产高效的氮钾肥运筹方案。展开更多
The wide-precision planting pattern has become widely used in the North China Plain as a practice for increasing wheat yield.However,the effects of tilled ng developme nt and light tran smissi on within can opy on whe...The wide-precision planting pattern has become widely used in the North China Plain as a practice for increasing wheat yield.However,the effects of tilled ng developme nt and light tran smissi on within can opy on wheat yield un der differe nt sowi ng widths have not bee n clearly described.Therefore,a two-year experime nt was con ducted,in cludi ng four different seeding widths(6 cm,W6;8 cm,W8;10 cm,W10;12 cm,W12)and the traditional planting pattern with seeding width of 4 cm(W4).The results indicated mainly positive effects by the reduced intraspecific competition,specifically all three yield components of W6 and W8 were higher than those for W4.The configurations with more than 10-cm seeding width were mainly affected by the negative effect of a relative homogeneous canopy,leading to the weakened light transmission,leaf senescence,and reduced grain number per spike.Finally,the yields of W6 and W8 were significantly higher than that of W4,whereas the yield in W12 was lower(though not significantly)than W4.In wheat production,therefore,the appropriate seeding width of 6-8 cm is recommended for farmers,whereas the too wide seeding width,with more than 10 cm,should be avoided.展开更多
文摘为探究钾肥分期施用对冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率的影响,确定减氮条件下冬小麦高产高效的钾肥运筹方案,本试验选用高产强筋冬小麦品种藁优5766作为试验材料,于2018—2020年度冬小麦生长季,采用二因素随机区组设计,设置3个施氮水平:常规施氮水平(240 kg hm^(-2),N1)、减氮20%(192 kg hm^(-2),N2)、减氮40%(144 kg hm^(-2),N3),两种钾肥运筹方案:钾肥全部底施(K1)和分期施钾(底施50%、拔节期追施50%,K2)。结果表明,相同钾肥运筹方案下,N2处理的籽粒产量与N1处理无显著差异,N3处理的籽粒产量比N1处理显著降低,降幅达9.0%~11.6%。在相同施氮水平下,分期施钾可显著提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率。与K1处理相比,K2处理显著抑制硝态氮向深层土壤的淋溶,增加冬小麦植株氮素积累量,提高旗叶光合速率和硝酸还原酶活性、籽粒灌浆速率、穗粒数和千粒重;籽粒产量和氮素利用效率在常规施氮水平下两年度分别提高21.7%和20.2%,在减氮20%水平下两年度分别提高26.9%和26.2%,在减氮40%水平下两年度分别提高25.2%和21.1%。N3K2处理的籽粒产量、氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均显著高于N1K1处理。以上结果说明分期施钾在不同施氮水平下均能大幅度提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率,即使减氮40%,其籽粒产量仍显著高于常规施氮且钾肥全部底施的处理;采用192 kg hm^(-2)施氮量并配合分期施钾,冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收效率最高,氮素利用效率和氮肥偏生产力亦到达较高水平,是高产高效的氮钾肥运筹方案。
基金This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503130).
文摘The wide-precision planting pattern has become widely used in the North China Plain as a practice for increasing wheat yield.However,the effects of tilled ng developme nt and light tran smissi on within can opy on wheat yield un der differe nt sowi ng widths have not bee n clearly described.Therefore,a two-year experime nt was con ducted,in cludi ng four different seeding widths(6 cm,W6;8 cm,W8;10 cm,W10;12 cm,W12)and the traditional planting pattern with seeding width of 4 cm(W4).The results indicated mainly positive effects by the reduced intraspecific competition,specifically all three yield components of W6 and W8 were higher than those for W4.The configurations with more than 10-cm seeding width were mainly affected by the negative effect of a relative homogeneous canopy,leading to the weakened light transmission,leaf senescence,and reduced grain number per spike.Finally,the yields of W6 and W8 were significantly higher than that of W4,whereas the yield in W12 was lower(though not significantly)than W4.In wheat production,therefore,the appropriate seeding width of 6-8 cm is recommended for farmers,whereas the too wide seeding width,with more than 10 cm,should be avoided.
