Cynanchum is one of the most important genera in Asclepiadaceae family, which has long been known for its therapeutic effects. In this genus, 16 species are of high medicinal value. The extracts of the root and/or rhi...Cynanchum is one of the most important genera in Asclepiadaceae family, which has long been known for its therapeutic effects. In this genus, 16 species are of high medicinal value. The extracts of the root and/or rhizome parts have been applied in traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) for the prevention and treatment of various illnesses for centuries. C21 steroids, as the typical constituents of Cynanchum species, possess a variety of structures and pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the comprehensive information on phytochemistry and pharmacology of C21 steroid constituents from Cynanchum plants, based on reports published between 2007 and 2015. Our aim is to provide a rationale for their therapeutic application, and to discuss the future trends in research and development of these compounds. A total of 172 newly identified compounds are reviewed according to their structural classifications. Their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies are also reviewed and discussed, focusing on antitumor, antidepressant, antifungal, antitaging, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitory, appetite suppressing and antiviral activities. Future research efforts should concentrate on in vitro and in vivo biological studies and structure activity relationship of various C21 steroid constituents.展开更多
Cimicifugeae is one of the rich sources for various active components and the health promoting and therapeutic values of the components have been corroborated by long-term use in folk medicine and traditional Chinese ...Cimicifugeae is one of the rich sources for various active components and the health promoting and therapeutic values of the components have been corroborated by long-term use in folk medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.Increasing interest in Cimicifugeae pharmaceutical resources has led to the further discoveries of triterpenoid saponins, phenolic compounds, chromones, and many other compounds in various species of Cimicifugeae, and to the investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny, and bioactivities. Based on our pharmacophylogenetic studies, the progress in phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of Cimicifugeae had been summarized since 2007, especially Cimicifuga L. ex Wernisch. and Actaea L., and their relevance to therapeutic efficacy. An exhaustive literature survey is used to characterize the global scientific effort in the phytochemical and biological studies of Cimicifugeae. More triterpenoid saponins have been found in various species, among which the cimigenol type(type A) is predominant. The versatile bioactivities of saponins and extracts,as well as those of phenolics and other ingredients, were summarized and discussed. The morphology-based five-genus classification of Cimicifugeae is not supported by molecular phylogeny. Molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences tends to merge Cimicifuga Wernisch., Souliea Franch., and Actaea L. into a single genus. It is indispensable to integrate the emerging technologies into Cimicifugeae research for both the sustainable utilization of Cimicifugeae pharmaceutical resources and finding novel compounds with potential clinical utility and less adverse effects. Systems biology and omics technologies would play an increasingly important role in booming pharmaceutical research involving bioactive compounds of Cimicifugeae.展开更多
Cephalotaxus is the only genus of Cephalotaxaceae family,and its natural resources are declining due to habitat fragmentation,excessive exploitation and destruction.In many areas of China,folk herbal doctors tradition...Cephalotaxus is the only genus of Cephalotaxaceae family,and its natural resources are declining due to habitat fragmentation,excessive exploitation and destruction.In many areas of China,folk herbal doctors traditionally use Cephalotaxus plants to treat innominate swollen poison,many of which are cancer.Not only among Han people,but also among minority ethnic groups,Cephalotaxus is used to treat various diseases,e.g.,cough,internal bleeding and cancer in Miao medicine,bruises,rheumatism and pain in Yao medicine,and ascariasis,hookworm disease,scrofula in She medicine,etc.Medicinal values of some Cephalotaxus species and compounds are acknowledged officially.However,there is a lack of comprehensive review summarizing the ethnomedicinal knowledge o f Cephalotaxus,relevant medicinal phytometabolites and their bioactivities.The research progresses in ethnopharmacology,chemodiversity,and bioactivities of Cephalotaxus medicinal plants are reviewed and commented here.Knowledge gaps are pinpointed and future research directions are suggested.Classic medicinal books,folk medicine books,herbal manuals and ethnomedicinal publications were reviewed for the genus Cephalotaxus(Sanjianshan in Chinese).The relevant data about ethnobotany,phytochemistry,and pharmacology were collected as comprehensively as possible from online databases including Scopus,NCBI PubMed,Bing Scholar,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).44 Cephalotaxus"',and the respective species name were used as keywords in database search.The obtained articles of the past six decades were collated and analyzed.Four Cephalotaxus species are listed in the official medicinal book in China.They are used as ethnomedicines by many ethnic groups such as Miao,Yao,Dong,She and Han.Inspirations are obtained from traditional applications,and Cephalotaxus phytometabolites are developed into anticancer reagents.Cephalotaxine-type alkaloids,homoerythrina-type alkaloids and homoharringtonine(HHT)are abundant in Cephalotaxus,e.g.,C.lanceolata,C.fortunei var.alpina,C.griffithii,and C.hainanensis,etc.New methods of alkaloid analysis and purification are continuously developed and applied.Diterpenoids,sesquiterpenoids,flavonoids,lignans,phenolics,and other components are also identified and isolated in various Cephalotaxus species.Alkaloids such as HHT,terpenoids and other compounds have anticancer activities against multiple types of human cancer.Cephalotaxus extracts and compounds showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,immunomodulatory activity,antimicrobial activity and nematotoxicity,antihyperglycemic effect,and bone effect,etc.Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies o f Cephalotaxus are increasing.We should continue to collect and sort out folk medicinal knowledge of Cephalotaxus and associated organisms,so as to obtain new enlightenment to translate traditional tips into great therapeutic drugs.Transcriptomics,genomics,metabolomics and proteomics studies can contribute massive information for bioactivity and phytochemistry of Cephalotaxus medicinal plants.We should continue to strengthen the application of state-of-the-art technologies in more Cephalotaxus species and for more useful compounds and pharmacological activities.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21502014)
文摘Cynanchum is one of the most important genera in Asclepiadaceae family, which has long been known for its therapeutic effects. In this genus, 16 species are of high medicinal value. The extracts of the root and/or rhizome parts have been applied in traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) for the prevention and treatment of various illnesses for centuries. C21 steroids, as the typical constituents of Cynanchum species, possess a variety of structures and pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the comprehensive information on phytochemistry and pharmacology of C21 steroid constituents from Cynanchum plants, based on reports published between 2007 and 2015. Our aim is to provide a rationale for their therapeutic application, and to discuss the future trends in research and development of these compounds. A total of 172 newly identified compounds are reviewed according to their structural classifications. Their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies are also reviewed and discussed, focusing on antitumor, antidepressant, antifungal, antitaging, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitory, appetite suppressing and antiviral activities. Future research efforts should concentrate on in vitro and in vivo biological studies and structure activity relationship of various C21 steroid constituents.
基金Dalian Jiaotong University and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Ministry of Science and Technology national support program(2012BAI29B01)
文摘Cimicifugeae is one of the rich sources for various active components and the health promoting and therapeutic values of the components have been corroborated by long-term use in folk medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.Increasing interest in Cimicifugeae pharmaceutical resources has led to the further discoveries of triterpenoid saponins, phenolic compounds, chromones, and many other compounds in various species of Cimicifugeae, and to the investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny, and bioactivities. Based on our pharmacophylogenetic studies, the progress in phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of Cimicifugeae had been summarized since 2007, especially Cimicifuga L. ex Wernisch. and Actaea L., and their relevance to therapeutic efficacy. An exhaustive literature survey is used to characterize the global scientific effort in the phytochemical and biological studies of Cimicifugeae. More triterpenoid saponins have been found in various species, among which the cimigenol type(type A) is predominant. The versatile bioactivities of saponins and extracts,as well as those of phenolics and other ingredients, were summarized and discussed. The morphology-based five-genus classification of Cimicifugeae is not supported by molecular phylogeny. Molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences tends to merge Cimicifuga Wernisch., Souliea Franch., and Actaea L. into a single genus. It is indispensable to integrate the emerging technologies into Cimicifugeae research for both the sustainable utilization of Cimicifugeae pharmaceutical resources and finding novel compounds with potential clinical utility and less adverse effects. Systems biology and omics technologies would play an increasingly important role in booming pharmaceutical research involving bioactive compounds of Cimicifugeae.
基金the Scientific Research Funds Project of Liaoning Education Department(JDL2019012)Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province(20180550190).
文摘Cephalotaxus is the only genus of Cephalotaxaceae family,and its natural resources are declining due to habitat fragmentation,excessive exploitation and destruction.In many areas of China,folk herbal doctors traditionally use Cephalotaxus plants to treat innominate swollen poison,many of which are cancer.Not only among Han people,but also among minority ethnic groups,Cephalotaxus is used to treat various diseases,e.g.,cough,internal bleeding and cancer in Miao medicine,bruises,rheumatism and pain in Yao medicine,and ascariasis,hookworm disease,scrofula in She medicine,etc.Medicinal values of some Cephalotaxus species and compounds are acknowledged officially.However,there is a lack of comprehensive review summarizing the ethnomedicinal knowledge o f Cephalotaxus,relevant medicinal phytometabolites and their bioactivities.The research progresses in ethnopharmacology,chemodiversity,and bioactivities of Cephalotaxus medicinal plants are reviewed and commented here.Knowledge gaps are pinpointed and future research directions are suggested.Classic medicinal books,folk medicine books,herbal manuals and ethnomedicinal publications were reviewed for the genus Cephalotaxus(Sanjianshan in Chinese).The relevant data about ethnobotany,phytochemistry,and pharmacology were collected as comprehensively as possible from online databases including Scopus,NCBI PubMed,Bing Scholar,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).44 Cephalotaxus"',and the respective species name were used as keywords in database search.The obtained articles of the past six decades were collated and analyzed.Four Cephalotaxus species are listed in the official medicinal book in China.They are used as ethnomedicines by many ethnic groups such as Miao,Yao,Dong,She and Han.Inspirations are obtained from traditional applications,and Cephalotaxus phytometabolites are developed into anticancer reagents.Cephalotaxine-type alkaloids,homoerythrina-type alkaloids and homoharringtonine(HHT)are abundant in Cephalotaxus,e.g.,C.lanceolata,C.fortunei var.alpina,C.griffithii,and C.hainanensis,etc.New methods of alkaloid analysis and purification are continuously developed and applied.Diterpenoids,sesquiterpenoids,flavonoids,lignans,phenolics,and other components are also identified and isolated in various Cephalotaxus species.Alkaloids such as HHT,terpenoids and other compounds have anticancer activities against multiple types of human cancer.Cephalotaxus extracts and compounds showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,immunomodulatory activity,antimicrobial activity and nematotoxicity,antihyperglycemic effect,and bone effect,etc.Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies o f Cephalotaxus are increasing.We should continue to collect and sort out folk medicinal knowledge of Cephalotaxus and associated organisms,so as to obtain new enlightenment to translate traditional tips into great therapeutic drugs.Transcriptomics,genomics,metabolomics and proteomics studies can contribute massive information for bioactivity and phytochemistry of Cephalotaxus medicinal plants.We should continue to strengthen the application of state-of-the-art technologies in more Cephalotaxus species and for more useful compounds and pharmacological activities.
