黄海呈现独有的地形条件,且该海域的潮波运动独具特征。本文利用静止海洋水色成像仪(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, GOCI)遥感反演和俄勒冈州立大学(Oregon State University,OSU)潮流模式分别获取了黄海海域的海表流场,基于该海...黄海呈现独有的地形条件,且该海域的潮波运动独具特征。本文利用静止海洋水色成像仪(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, GOCI)遥感反演和俄勒冈州立大学(Oregon State University,OSU)潮流模式分别获取了黄海海域的海表流场,基于该海域独特的潮波系统提出并识别潮波干涉区,进而对GOCI反演的流场做潮流提取,并对两种潮流数据作分区可用性评价,通过实测的漂流浮标数据验证评估。结果表明:利用GOCI反演和OSU潮流模式获取的海表流场具有一定程度的可靠性,GOCI反演的海表流场的流速平均相对大小误差值为0.77,OSU潮流模式获取的海表流场流速平均相对大小误差值为0.49;在靠近潮波干涉区的黄海中部海域,GOCI潮流数据与实测数据在方向上的一致性要优于OSU潮流数据,两者平均角度误差值分别为48.45°和63.10°;在远离潮波干涉区的黄海近岸海域,OSU潮流数据与实测数据在速度大小和方向上的一致性要优于GOCI潮流数据。展开更多
通过中尺度气象研究与预报模式WRF(weather research and forecasting)和两种台风经验模型重构了2018年影响我国珠江口地区的超强台风“山竹”过程中的气压和风矢量场,在台风最佳路径数据的基础上开展了方法间的比较,并与香港、澳门和...通过中尺度气象研究与预报模式WRF(weather research and forecasting)和两种台风经验模型重构了2018年影响我国珠江口地区的超强台风“山竹”过程中的气压和风矢量场,在台风最佳路径数据的基础上开展了方法间的比较,并与香港、澳门和深圳三个国际机场的实测数据进行了对比分析,验证了三种模拟方案模拟台风“山竹”的可靠性。利用非结构网格半隐式跨尺度海洋模式SCHISM(semi⁃implicit cross⁃scale hydroscience integrated system model),将三种模拟气压和风场作为驱动场输入风暴潮模式中进行增水模拟试验,比较了它们在赤湾、三灶、横门和黄埔四个测站风暴潮增水中各自的效果,并进一步验证了WRF模式和两种经验模型模拟台风“山竹”的有效性。综合来看,WRF大气模式对气压、风速、风向及风暴增水模拟效果最佳,如果进一步优化该模式的各种参数化方案,可能还能提高其精度。如果不具备使用WRF大气模式的条件,台风经验1模型也是一个完全可以接受的、简单快捷的方案。展开更多
Massive green tides caused by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea have occurred every summer since 2007 and have caused huge economic losses for local governments. The Subei （North liangsu Province, China） Shoal, with ...Massive green tides caused by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea have occurred every summer since 2007 and have caused huge economic losses for local governments. The Subei （North liangsu Province, China） Shoal, with its large-scale Porphyra aquaculture, has been regarded as the most important source of U. prolifera for green tides. To reveal the physical mechanisms of floating and drifting algae in this area, the characteristics of the current, the temperature, the salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM） in the southwestern Yellow Sea, especially in the Subei Shoal, were studied. The topography of the radial sand ridges in the Subei Shoal constrains the features of the currents and causes net longitudinal and latitudinal movements. The longitudinal net movement is a dominant dynamic factor that can bring U. prolifera into offshore waters. The amount of gas that is produced by algae during photosynthesis determines whether U. prolifera can float well on the sea surface after it is disposed into the water from Porphyra aquacultural apparatus. The Subei Shoal is characterized by a high turbidity, which can result in significant light attenuation and affect the photosynthesis together with the buoyancy of a U. prolifera in the water. According to satellite remote sensing data from 2012, the three-month-averaged surface SPM （April, May and June） in the Subei Shoal was 140 mg/dm^3, and the north of the Subei Shoal （the north of 34.5°N）, it was 11 mg/dm^3. According to the monthly averaged surface SPM in April, the transparency in the Subei Shoal was only 0.1 m, but it often exceeded 2.0 m outside of the Subei Shoal. The results explain why the floating ability of U. prolifera increases significantly once the green algae drifted outside the Subei Shoal.展开更多
The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves appearing in the small satellite constellation for environ- ment and disaster monitoring and forecasting （＂HJ- 1A/B＂） CCD sun glitter images can affect the observati...The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves appearing in the small satellite constellation for environ- ment and disaster monitoring and forecasting （＂HJ- 1A/B＂） CCD sun glitter images can affect the observation and depth inversion of sand wave topography. The simulations of the normalized sun glitter radiance on the submarine sand waves confirm that the reversal would happen at a specific sensor viewing angle, defined as the critical angle. The difference between the calculated critical angle position and the reversal position in the image is about 1＇, which is excellent in agreement. Both the simulation and actual image show that sand wave crests would be indistinct at the reversal position, which may cause problems when using these sun glitter images to analyze spatial characteristics and migration of sand waves. When using the sun glitter image to obtain the depth inversion, one should take the advantage of image properties of sand waves and choose the location in between the reversal position and the brightest position. It is also necessary to pay attention to the brightness reversal when using ＂HI-1A/B＂ CCD images to analyze other oceanic features, such as internal waves, oil slicks, eddies, and ship wakes.展开更多
Real-time observations in the field and numerical simulations（with Delft3D） were combined to study the formation, distribution and the relevant influencing factors of turbidity maximum（TM） in the Zhujiang（Pearl R...Real-time observations in the field and numerical simulations（with Delft3D） were combined to study the formation, distribution and the relevant influencing factors of turbidity maximum（TM） in the Zhujiang（Pearl River） Estuary（ZE）. The spatial distribution pattern of the TM varies with the longitudinal distributions of salinity and suspended sediment concentration（SSC）. The SSC is enhanced and the TM is intensified during dry seasons,whereas the center of the TM moves upstream by a distance of 10 km during wet seasons. The formation of the TM is influenced by a complex combination of numerous factors, including tides, river discharges and topography, wherein sediment resuspension and vertical circulation dominate the formations and variability of the TM.展开更多
为促进城市水体的管理和保护,针对苏州市的23个河道断面开展大型底栖无脊椎动物群落调查。在此基础上通过对备选指标的分布范围、判别能力和相关性分析筛选出适宜城市水体生态健康评价的核心指标。再利用比值法计算各核心指标值并累加...为促进城市水体的管理和保护,针对苏州市的23个河道断面开展大型底栖无脊椎动物群落调查。在此基础上通过对备选指标的分布范围、判别能力和相关性分析筛选出适宜城市水体生态健康评价的核心指标。再利用比值法计算各核心指标值并累加求和得到各样点的大型底栖无脊椎动物生物完整性指数值(Benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity, BIBI)。结果显示:苏州市城区和参照点共发现大型无脊椎底栖动物22种,隶属于3门6纲9目14科。经过指标筛选,得出适宜评价苏州的BIBI指数由以下6个指标组成,分别是总分类单元数、节肢动物分类单元数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、广布种百分比、昆虫纲个体百分比、耐污类群个体百分比。经计算BIBI的最佳期望值为4.01,即BIBI值≥4.01为健康,3.01~4.01为良好,2.01~3.01为一般,1.01~2.01为较差,<1.01为极差(区间范围为左闭右开,且BIBI≥0)。根据BIBI结果,苏州市各断面水体生态健康程度参差不齐,处于一般和良好的位点多于健康的,不同季节各点的健康状况是不同的。通过BIBI与各水质因子的相关分析,证明运用BIBI能很好地评价城市水体生态健康状况,对城市水体生态健康评价具有科学的指导意义。展开更多
文摘黄海呈现独有的地形条件,且该海域的潮波运动独具特征。本文利用静止海洋水色成像仪(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, GOCI)遥感反演和俄勒冈州立大学(Oregon State University,OSU)潮流模式分别获取了黄海海域的海表流场,基于该海域独特的潮波系统提出并识别潮波干涉区,进而对GOCI反演的流场做潮流提取,并对两种潮流数据作分区可用性评价,通过实测的漂流浮标数据验证评估。结果表明:利用GOCI反演和OSU潮流模式获取的海表流场具有一定程度的可靠性,GOCI反演的海表流场的流速平均相对大小误差值为0.77,OSU潮流模式获取的海表流场流速平均相对大小误差值为0.49;在靠近潮波干涉区的黄海中部海域,GOCI潮流数据与实测数据在方向上的一致性要优于OSU潮流数据,两者平均角度误差值分别为48.45°和63.10°;在远离潮波干涉区的黄海近岸海域,OSU潮流数据与实测数据在速度大小和方向上的一致性要优于GOCI潮流数据。
文摘通过中尺度气象研究与预报模式WRF(weather research and forecasting)和两种台风经验模型重构了2018年影响我国珠江口地区的超强台风“山竹”过程中的气压和风矢量场,在台风最佳路径数据的基础上开展了方法间的比较,并与香港、澳门和深圳三个国际机场的实测数据进行了对比分析,验证了三种模拟方案模拟台风“山竹”的可靠性。利用非结构网格半隐式跨尺度海洋模式SCHISM(semi⁃implicit cross⁃scale hydroscience integrated system model),将三种模拟气压和风场作为驱动场输入风暴潮模式中进行增水模拟试验,比较了它们在赤湾、三灶、横门和黄埔四个测站风暴潮增水中各自的效果,并进一步验证了WRF模式和两种经验模型模拟台风“山竹”的有效性。综合来看,WRF大气模式对气压、风速、风向及风暴增水模拟效果最佳,如果进一步优化该模式的各种参数化方案,可能还能提高其精度。如果不具备使用WRF大气模式的条件,台风经验1模型也是一个完全可以接受的、简单快捷的方案。
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract No.2010CB428704the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.XDA11020304+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41276083the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.JG1415
文摘Massive green tides caused by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea have occurred every summer since 2007 and have caused huge economic losses for local governments. The Subei （North liangsu Province, China） Shoal, with its large-scale Porphyra aquaculture, has been regarded as the most important source of U. prolifera for green tides. To reveal the physical mechanisms of floating and drifting algae in this area, the characteristics of the current, the temperature, the salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM） in the southwestern Yellow Sea, especially in the Subei Shoal, were studied. The topography of the radial sand ridges in the Subei Shoal constrains the features of the currents and causes net longitudinal and latitudinal movements. The longitudinal net movement is a dominant dynamic factor that can bring U. prolifera into offshore waters. The amount of gas that is produced by algae during photosynthesis determines whether U. prolifera can float well on the sea surface after it is disposed into the water from Porphyra aquacultural apparatus. The Subei Shoal is characterized by a high turbidity, which can result in significant light attenuation and affect the photosynthesis together with the buoyancy of a U. prolifera in the water. According to satellite remote sensing data from 2012, the three-month-averaged surface SPM （April, May and June） in the Subei Shoal was 140 mg/dm^3, and the north of the Subei Shoal （the north of 34.5°N）, it was 11 mg/dm^3. According to the monthly averaged surface SPM in April, the transparency in the Subei Shoal was only 0.1 m, but it often exceeded 2.0 m outside of the Subei Shoal. The results explain why the floating ability of U. prolifera increases significantly once the green algae drifted outside the Subei Shoal.
基金The Marine Scientific Public Welfare Research Special Foundation under contract No.201105001the Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamic Processed and Satellite Oceanography under contract No.SOED1006
文摘The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves appearing in the small satellite constellation for environ- ment and disaster monitoring and forecasting （＂HJ- 1A/B＂） CCD sun glitter images can affect the observation and depth inversion of sand wave topography. The simulations of the normalized sun glitter radiance on the submarine sand waves confirm that the reversal would happen at a specific sensor viewing angle, defined as the critical angle. The difference between the calculated critical angle position and the reversal position in the image is about 1＇, which is excellent in agreement. Both the simulation and actual image show that sand wave crests would be indistinct at the reversal position, which may cause problems when using these sun glitter images to analyze spatial characteristics and migration of sand waves. When using the sun glitter image to obtain the depth inversion, one should take the advantage of image properties of sand waves and choose the location in between the reversal position and the brightest position. It is also necessary to pay attention to the brightness reversal when using ＂HI-1A/B＂ CCD images to analyze other oceanic features, such as internal waves, oil slicks, eddies, and ship wakes.
基金The Ocean Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes under contract No.201105001-2the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2013CB956502the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41376044,41276083 and 41476049
文摘Real-time observations in the field and numerical simulations（with Delft3D） were combined to study the formation, distribution and the relevant influencing factors of turbidity maximum（TM） in the Zhujiang（Pearl River） Estuary（ZE）. The spatial distribution pattern of the TM varies with the longitudinal distributions of salinity and suspended sediment concentration（SSC）. The SSC is enhanced and the TM is intensified during dry seasons,whereas the center of the TM moves upstream by a distance of 10 km during wet seasons. The formation of the TM is influenced by a complex combination of numerous factors, including tides, river discharges and topography, wherein sediment resuspension and vertical circulation dominate the formations and variability of the TM.
文摘为促进城市水体的管理和保护,针对苏州市的23个河道断面开展大型底栖无脊椎动物群落调查。在此基础上通过对备选指标的分布范围、判别能力和相关性分析筛选出适宜城市水体生态健康评价的核心指标。再利用比值法计算各核心指标值并累加求和得到各样点的大型底栖无脊椎动物生物完整性指数值(Benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity, BIBI)。结果显示:苏州市城区和参照点共发现大型无脊椎底栖动物22种,隶属于3门6纲9目14科。经过指标筛选,得出适宜评价苏州的BIBI指数由以下6个指标组成,分别是总分类单元数、节肢动物分类单元数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、广布种百分比、昆虫纲个体百分比、耐污类群个体百分比。经计算BIBI的最佳期望值为4.01,即BIBI值≥4.01为健康,3.01~4.01为良好,2.01~3.01为一般,1.01~2.01为较差,<1.01为极差(区间范围为左闭右开,且BIBI≥0)。根据BIBI结果,苏州市各断面水体生态健康程度参差不齐,处于一般和良好的位点多于健康的,不同季节各点的健康状况是不同的。通过BIBI与各水质因子的相关分析,证明运用BIBI能很好地评价城市水体生态健康状况,对城市水体生态健康评价具有科学的指导意义。
