Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streak...Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV） among different host plant species,potential host plants of SRBSDV collected from the diseased rice field and/or adjacent to the field in Hunan Province,China,were determined by RT-PCR,and the transmission rates of SRBSDV by S.furcifera among different host plant species were investigated.The results showed that host plants of SRBSDV in the rice fields were five of family Gramineae（Oryza sativa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Zea mays,Paspalum distichum,Alopecurus aequali） and two of family Cyperaceae（Juncellus serotinus and Cyperus difformis）.S.furcifera could not transmit SRBSDV between gramineous plants and cyperaceous plants,and could not transmit SRBSDV between the gramineous plants,J.serotinus and C.difformis as well.However,SRBSDV could be transmitted by S.furcifera within gramineous plants.S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV between interspecies among three species plants（O.sativa,E.crusgalli and Z.mays）,and between P.distichum and A.aequali.At 15,20,25,30,and 35°C,both macropterous and brachypterous adult of S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV from the plants（e.g.,E.crusgalli,Z.mays and O.sativa） infected with SRBSDV to rice seedlings.The transmission rates were first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature.Macropterous adults transmitted SRBSDV from the viruliferous E.crusgalli,Z.may and rice plants to the healthy rice seedlings,and the infected rates of rice seedlings were 26.2,18.8 and 23.7% at 15°C,56.6,64.6 and 53.6% at 25°C,and was 11.2,10.2 and 7.3% at 35°C,respectively.Transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was significantly higher than that of macropterous adults at 15,20 and 25°C（P0.05）,while transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was relatively lower compared with that of macropterous ones at 35°C.These results offer evidence on the transmission of SRBSDV via the vector S.furcifer among different host plants,which can be helpful to control Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease by the appropriate cultural measures in South China.展开更多
A new method for chemical vapor deposition ofβ-SiC nanowires on granular active carbon loaded with iron nanoparticles inside the pores is developed.In this process,mesoporous active carbon was used as both a carbon s...A new method for chemical vapor deposition ofβ-SiC nanowires on granular active carbon loaded with iron nanoparticles inside the pores is developed.In this process,mesoporous active carbon was used as both a carbon source material and a template to generate nanometer-diameter catalyst particles that define the size of wires produced by vapor-liquid-solid(VLS)growth.Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the products are nanowires with several microns in length and about 10nm in diameter.Selected area electron-diffraction and energy-dispersed x-ray spectra confirm that the productor isβ-SiC.The observation of spherical nanoparticles containing iron at the end of the nanowires clearly indicates that the nanowires grow by the VLS mechanism.展开更多
SNA 2008(即《2008年国民账户体系》)最重要的改变之一就是提出了知识产权产品及其核算问题。由于估算困难,至今知识产权产品还没有被完全纳入GDP的实际核算中。事实上,现有研究主要是通过对已有统计数据进行调整来估算特定类型知识产...SNA 2008(即《2008年国民账户体系》)最重要的改变之一就是提出了知识产权产品及其核算问题。由于估算困难,至今知识产权产品还没有被完全纳入GDP的实际核算中。事实上,现有研究主要是通过对已有统计数据进行调整来估算特定类型知识产权产品产出,其结果存在较大的误差。本文遵循SNA 2008的有关核算原则,吸收其他国际核算标准及研究成果,从当前中国实际条件出发,基于以成本项目分类调查为主、收入测算为辅的核算思路,提出了一套用于核算R&D(研究与开发)、矿藏勘探与评估、计算机软件和数据库以及娱乐文学或艺术品原件等全部知识产权产品产出的具体估算方法,这将为把知识产权产品全面纳入GDP实际核算提供有益参考。展开更多
基金support of the Science and Technology Research project of Hebei University(Grant No.ZD2018088)sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2020402052)the Key R&D Projects in Hebei Province(20374503D).
基金funded by the Key Programme of Hunan Provincial Science & Technology Bureau(2011NK2009)
文摘Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV） among different host plant species,potential host plants of SRBSDV collected from the diseased rice field and/or adjacent to the field in Hunan Province,China,were determined by RT-PCR,and the transmission rates of SRBSDV by S.furcifera among different host plant species were investigated.The results showed that host plants of SRBSDV in the rice fields were five of family Gramineae（Oryza sativa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Zea mays,Paspalum distichum,Alopecurus aequali） and two of family Cyperaceae（Juncellus serotinus and Cyperus difformis）.S.furcifera could not transmit SRBSDV between gramineous plants and cyperaceous plants,and could not transmit SRBSDV between the gramineous plants,J.serotinus and C.difformis as well.However,SRBSDV could be transmitted by S.furcifera within gramineous plants.S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV between interspecies among three species plants（O.sativa,E.crusgalli and Z.mays）,and between P.distichum and A.aequali.At 15,20,25,30,and 35°C,both macropterous and brachypterous adult of S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV from the plants（e.g.,E.crusgalli,Z.mays and O.sativa） infected with SRBSDV to rice seedlings.The transmission rates were first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature.Macropterous adults transmitted SRBSDV from the viruliferous E.crusgalli,Z.may and rice plants to the healthy rice seedlings,and the infected rates of rice seedlings were 26.2,18.8 and 23.7% at 15°C,56.6,64.6 and 53.6% at 25°C,and was 11.2,10.2 and 7.3% at 35°C,respectively.Transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was significantly higher than that of macropterous adults at 15,20 and 25°C（P0.05）,while transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was relatively lower compared with that of macropterous ones at 35°C.These results offer evidence on the transmission of SRBSDV via the vector S.furcifer among different host plants,which can be helpful to control Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease by the appropriate cultural measures in South China.
基金supported by the Climbing Progam of the State Comitte of Science and Technolongy of China,Key Projet of National Fundamental Research.
文摘A new method for chemical vapor deposition ofβ-SiC nanowires on granular active carbon loaded with iron nanoparticles inside the pores is developed.In this process,mesoporous active carbon was used as both a carbon source material and a template to generate nanometer-diameter catalyst particles that define the size of wires produced by vapor-liquid-solid(VLS)growth.Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the products are nanowires with several microns in length and about 10nm in diameter.Selected area electron-diffraction and energy-dispersed x-ray spectra confirm that the productor isβ-SiC.The observation of spherical nanoparticles containing iron at the end of the nanowires clearly indicates that the nanowires grow by the VLS mechanism.
